A&P Ch. 22

27. Adolescent males undergoing fluctuations in hormone concentrations experience A. nocturnal emissions. B. premature ejaculation. C. testicular cancer. D. erectile dysfunction. E. menstrual cramps.

A. nocturnal emissions.

42. The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is A. estrogen. B. progesterone. C. androgen. D. luteinizing hormone. E. glucagon.

A. estrogen.

33. The zona pellucida consists of A. glycoprotein. B. adipose tissue. C. epithelium. D. nucleic acid. E. microtubules

A. glycoprotein.

1. During the first meiotic division A. sperm and egg form. B. homologous chromosome pairs separate. C. homologous chromosome pairs join. D. the cell become diploid. E. all of the chromosomes temporarily attach.

B. homologous chromosome pairs separate.

49. A woman going through menopause can take ______ to minimize the symptoms. A. gonadotropin releasing hormone B. hormone replacement therapy C. follicle stimulating hormone D. progesterone releasing hormone E. Viagra

B. hormone replacement therapy

46. Compared to males who train for endurance events, females who train for such events A. maintain a lower percentage of body fat. B. maintain a higher percentage of body fat. C. develop a higher percentage of muscle tissue because of testosterone. D. develop a higher percentage of muscle tissue because of estrogen. E. have the same percentage of body fat and muscle tissue.

B. maintain a higher percentage of body fat.

32. A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the A. urethra. B. ovary. C. cervix. D. vagina. E. uterine tube.

C. cervix.

18. The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the A. seminal vesicles. B. epididymis. C. ejaculatory duct. D. rete testis. E. seminiferous tubules.

C. ejaculatory duct.

19. Sperm cells are stored primarily in the A. ductus deferentia. B. ejaculatory ducts. C. epididymides. D. seminal vesicles. E. penis.

C. epididymides.

6. The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal. A. guadal. B. pelvic. C. inguinal. D. seminiferous. E. penile.

C. inguinal.

10. Which of the following structures is unpaired? A. Seminal vesicle B. Ductus deferens C. Bulbourethral gland D. Prostate gland E. Testis

D. Prostate gland

13. The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages _____. A. about 20 million per milliliter. B. about 20 million per millimeter. C. about 20 million per liter. D. about 120 million per milliliter. E. about 50 million per milliliter.

D. about 120 million per milliliter.

28. The interstitial cells of the testes produce A. seminal fluid. B. spermatogenic cells. C. sperm cells. D. androgens. E. immune system cells.

D. androgens.

25. Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and A. posterior pituitary and adrenal glands. B. anterior pituitary and adrenal glands. C. posterior pituitary gland and testes. D. anterior pituitary gland and testes. E. middle pituitary gland and testes.

D. anterior pituitary gland and testes.

47. Judy runs 50 miles a week. She and her husband have been trying to conceive for three years, with no luck. Her disturbed menstrual cycle and infertility are due to A. increased secretion of adrenal androgens. B. decreased secretion of adrenal androgens. C. increased synthesis of estrogens. D. decreased synthesis of estrogens. E. muscle tears.

D. decreased synthesis of estrogens.

16. The epididymis, coiled on the outer surface of the testis, becomes the A. tunica vaginalis. B. rete testis. C. tunica albuginea. D. ductus deferens. E. penis.

D. ductus deferens.

9. The head of a sperm is mostly A. mitochondria. B. cell membrane. C. cytoskeleton. D. nucleus. E. microtubules.

D. nucleus.

. Preventing birth is called __________.

contraception

91. Following ovulation, the follicular cells of the ovary enlarge to form a structure called the _____ _____.

corpus luteum

37. The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the A. endometrium. B. myometrium. C. perimetrium. D. ovometrium. E. epimetrium

A. endometrium.

8. The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is A. 4. B. 16. C. 100. D. 46. E. 8 million.

A. 4.

22. The structure of a testis can be described as composed of A. about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules. B. 1 to 4 lobules, each of which contains about 250 seminiferous tubules. C. semen in various stages of development held in seminiferous tubules. D. a single very long seminiferous tubule that winds through the structure. E. none of the above

A. about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.

44. Lulu is 53 and has not had her menstrual period in a year. Several times a day, she feels a tingling in her upper chest, and then heat washes over her, in an upwards direction. It is intensely uncomfortable for about 5 minutes, during which she is nearly overwhelmed with an urge to fling off her clothing. The cause of Lulu's hot flashes is A. an increase in gonadotropin concentration and a decrease in estrogen concentration. B. an increase in gonadotropin concentration and an increase in estrogen concentration. C. a decrease in gonadotropin concentration and an increase in estrogen concentration. D. a decrease in gonadotropin concentration and a decrease in estrogen concentration. E. a surge in progesterone and gonadotropin concentration.

A. an increase in gonadotropin concentration and a decrease in estrogen concentration.

60. A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from A. anterior pituitary gland. B. posterior pituitary gland. C. adrenal gland. D. ovary. E. clitoris.

A. anterior pituitary gland.

63. Tamoxifen and raloxifene act by A. blocking estrogen receptors. B. activating progesterone receptors. C. breaking up cancer cell DNA. D. depriving cancer cell growth factors. E. inducing blood vessel formation.

A. blocking estrogen receptors.

51. The glands in a lobe of a breast A. drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple. B. lead directly to a nipple. C. drain into a lactiferous duct which drains into an alveolar duct. D. are separated by nerve and muscle tissue. E. are none of the above.

A. drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple.

2. Meiosis is necessary because A. otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material. B. otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too little genetic material. C. otherwise reproduction would have to be asexual. D. otherwise too many mutations will occur. E. it is necessary for growth and healing.

A. otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material.

41. Menopause is due to aging of the A. ovaries. B. vagina. C. cervix. D. uterine tube. E. brain.

A. ovaries.

4. Synapsis occurs during A. prophase I. B. metaphase I. C. anaphase I. D. telophase I. E. the second meiotic division.

A. prophase I.

59. Undescended testes cause infertility because A. sperm are exposed to internal body temperature and are damaged by the heat. B. there is too little testosterone. C. they redevelop as ovaries. D. they become entangled in the seminiferous tubules, which then degenerate. E. they undergo apoptosis, and can no longer produce sperm.

A. sperm are exposed to internal body temperature and are damaged by the heat.

20. Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called A. spermatogonia. B. primary spermatocytes. C. secondary spermatocytes. D. spermatids. E. sustentacular cells.

A. spermatogonia.

52. The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain A. synthetic estrogen and progesterone. B. synthetic androgen. C. gonadotropins. D. FSH and LH. E. testosterone.

A. synthetic estrogen and progesterone.

11. The bulbourethral glands secrete A. sperm. B. a mucus-like fluid. C. blood. D. saliva. E. sweat.

B. a mucus-like fluid.

31. The egg, or ovum, is more correctly called A. a primary oocyte. B. a secondary oocyte. C. an oogonium. D. a zygote. E. a polar body.

B. a secondary oocyte.

30. The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the A. ostium uteri. B. cervix. C. perimetrium. D. endometrium. E. fundus.

B. cervix.

39. The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the A. vagina. B. clitoris. C. vestibule. D. labia minora. E. nipple.

B. clitoris.

38. The first step in oogenesis is a A. secondary oocyte divides to form a polar body and an egg cell. B. primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. C. follicle becomes a corpus luteum. D. corpus luteum becomes a corpus albicans. E. an egg cell divides to yield two polar bodies.

B. primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.

7. The epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of A. adipose cells and chondrocytes. B. spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells. C. spermatogonia and spermatids. D. interstitial cells and sustentacular cells. E. lobular cells and spermatids.

B. spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells.

61. In endometriosis, A. fat tissue in the leg secretes milk. B. tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity. C. a young woman stops having periods. D. a new mother becomes extremely depressed. E. none of the above.

B. tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.

40. In females, which structure is immediately anterior to the vagina? A. uterus B. urethra C. rectum D. symphysis pubis E. areola

B. urethra

35. Fertilization normally occurs in the A. peritoneal cavity. B. uterine tube. C. uterus. D. vagina. E. ovary.

B. uterine tube.

64. "You can't possibly have breast cancer," said Jim to his roommate Eliot, who was distraught after a visit to a doctor. "You're a man!" "No, Jim. A certain percentage of breast cancer cases are in men." That percentage is A. 0.5 B. 0.75 C. 1.0 D. 10 E. 15

C. 1.0

17. The average length of the epididymis is A. 1 meter. B. 3 meters. C. 6 meters. D. 9 meters. E. 12 meters.

C. 6 meters.

29. The level of testosterone in the blood is increased by A. a high level of testosterone stimulating the hypothalamus. B. the hypothalamus stimulating the testes to release LH. C. LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone. D. a high level of testosterone stimulating the testes to release more LH. E. none of the above.

C. LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone.

43. About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of A. estrogen. B. progesterone. C. LH. D. androgen. E. thyroxine.

C. LH.

45. Signs of menopause include A. increased concentrations of estrogens. B. inexplicable euphoria, extra energy, weight loss. C. shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts. D. decreased loss of bone matrix. E. thickening of the skin.

C. shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts.

48. In the menstrual cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____. A. stimulates erection of the clitoris; stimulates the uterine lining to become glandular B. ejects milk from the mammary glands; stimulates milk secretion C. stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates uterine lining to become more glandular D. inhibits the release of FSH; stimulates the release of FSH E. stimulates milk production; causes premenstrual syndrome.

C. stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates uterine lining to become more glandular

26. The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics is A. LH. B. FSH. C. testosterone. D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone. E. insulin.

C. testosterone.

14. A circumcision removes A. the external urethral orifice. B. the tunica albuginea. C. the prepuce. D. the crura. E. the glans penis.

C. the prepuce.

24. The epididymis is a _____ and it _____. A. compartment inside a testis; secretes testosterone and forms sperm B. stage of spermatogenesis; forms two sperm cells and semen C. tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; stores immature sperm D. compartment that contains seminiferous tubules; ejaculates sperm E. gland; secretes mucus.

C. tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; stores immature sperm

57. The prostate gland is the size and shape of a A. horseshoe. B. pea. C. walnut or chestnut D. apple. E. football.

C. walnut or chestnut

62. A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows A. the intensity of a woman's orgasm. B. the number of uterine tubes. C. whether or not a uterine tube is open. D. whether there is anything growing in the uterus. E. cervical thickening.

C. whether or not a uterine tube is open.

34. The dimensions of a uterine tube are A. 5 centimeters in diameter and about 20 centimeters long. B. 2 centimeters in diameter and about 30 centimeters long. C. 10 centimeters in diameter and about 40 centimeters long. D. 0.7 centimeters in diameter and about 10 centimeters long. E. a ring that is 2 centimeters in width and 24 centimeters around.

D. 0.7 centimeters in diameter and about 10 centimeters long.

50. A mammary gland contains ____ lobes. A. paired B. three C. ten D. 15 to 20 E. more than 100

D. 15 to 20

3. The correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I is: A. interphase-mitosis-meiosis B. telophase I-anaphase I-metaphase I-prophase I C. 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes, then 46 chromosomes D. prophase I-metaphase I-anaphase I-telophase I E. anaphase I-metaphase I-prophase I-telophase I

D. prophase I-metaphase I-anaphase I-telophase I

5. The number of possible chromosome combinations in a gamete of a human is A. 8. B. 800. C. 8,000. D. 80,000 E. 8 million

E. 8 million

53. Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception? A. Rhythm method B. Chemical barriers C. Oral contraceptives D. Intrauterine device E. All of the above

E. All of the above

23. Which of the following correctly describes an erection? A. Smooth muscles of vascular spaces in the penis contract. B. Parasympathetic impulses constrict arteries leading to the penis. C. Parasympathetic impulses dilate veins in the penis. D. The spongy tissue in the penis fills with air. E. None of the above

E. None of the above

54. Which of the following provides mechanical contraception? A. the rhythm method. B. the minipill. C. combined hormone contraceptives. D. the human papilloma virus vaccine. E. a diaphragm.

E. a diaphragm.

36. Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined? A. ovulation-rupture of an ovarian follicle and release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body B. vestibule-space enclosed by the labia minora C. orgasm-pleasurable sense of physiological and psychological release D. suspensory ligament-a fold of peritoneum that holds an ovary in place E. all of the above

E. all of the above

12. Semen A. consists of sperm and secretions. B. is alkaline. C. includes prostaglandins and nutrients. D. travels in the urethra. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

55. Oral contraceptives may cause A. increased skin pigmentation. B. breast tenderness. C. fluid retention. D. nausea. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

56. Possible problems from donating eggs include A. psychological difficulties from wondering about the fate of the eggs. B. infertility. C. ovary scarring. D. fluid accumulation in the abdomen. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

58. Factors that may enlarge the prostate include A. a gene mutation. B. a fatty diet. C. a vasectomy. D. occupational exposure to cadmium or batteries. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

21. The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the A. testes. B. bulbourethral gland. C. prostate gland. D. bladder. E. seminal vesicles.

E. seminal vesicles.

15. Causes of erectile dysfunction include A. too much exercise. B. too much sex. C. not enough sex. D. eating too much chocolate. E. underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.

E. underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.

89. As a group, male sex hormones are called _____.

androgens

65. The cells that result from meiosis are diploid

false

67. The testes originate from tissues posterior to the parietal pleura

false

70. Each epididymis emerges from the bottom of a testis

false

71. The ductus deferentia are muscular tubes about 25 centimeters long

false

72. Capacitation makes sperm tails whip more quickly

false

73. The amount of testosterone produced is regulated by a positive feedback system.

false

74. Measles can inflame the testes, impairing fertility by destroying cells in the seminiferous tubules.

false

76. The primary organs of the female reproductive system are the uterus and vagina

false

79. The structures of the female reproductive system that surround the openings to the urethra and vagina comprise the mons pubis

false

80. As many as twenty primary ovarian follicles may reach full development at any one time

false

83. An increase in the level of FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation

false

88. The secretion of the seminal vesicles contains _____ that provides an energy source for sperm cells.

fructose

85. The products of meiosis have one set of chromosomes and are therefore _____.

haploid

90. _____ is the process by which egg cells are formed

oogenisis

87. The culmination of sexual stimulation, which is accompanied by a sense of physiological and psychological release, is called _____.

orgasm

93. The sexually transmitted disease that may produce a chancre is ______

syphilis

86. The primary organs of the male reproductive system are the _____.

testes

66. Chromosomes align down the center of a cell undergoing meiosis in metaphase.

true

68. The germinal epithelial cells that line the seminiferous tubules produce sperm.

true

69. The secretions of the prostate gland neutralize the acid in semen

true

75. Gonadotropins include FSH and LH

true

77. In females, egg cell production begins before birth

true

78. Ciliary action aids movement of an egg through a uterine tube

true

81. The broad, suspensory, and ovarian ligaments hold an ovary in position.

true

82. FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start maturing

true

84. Endometriosis can result in the formation of fibrous tissue around the ovaries and can prevent ovulation or obstruct the uterine tubes

true