A&P Ch 7 Skeletal System Bone Structure and Function

Place the steps of bone fracture repair in the correct order

A fracture hematoma forms a fibrocartilaginous callus forms A bony callus forms the bone is remodeled

Based on shape bones that have elaborate comet complex shapes are classified as

A regular bones

A bone fracture is

An abnormal break in a bone

Maps the fracture type to the best description

Avulsion. A complete severing of body part Comminuted. bone is splintered into several small pieces between the main parts Complete bone is broken into 2 or more pieces Compression bone is squashed as in a vertebrae during a fall

Functions of bone include what

Blood cell formation (hemopois), Protection, mineral storage, support

The continual new deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called

Bone remodeling

Which are examples of flat bones

Bones of the roof of the skull, shoulder blade bones, the breastbone (sternum)

The cylindrical channels that lie in the center of the ostian is the

Central canal

Place the following steps in order to summarize interstitial growth of cartilage

Chondrocyte in lacuna undergoes mitosis 2 cells occupy one lacuna 2 cells in one lacuna begin to produce new matrix

The arrow indicates what cartilage

Coastal cartilage near the sternum

A fracture at the distal end of the radius is a

Colles fracture

And osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of

Compact bone

Ricketts is caused by a vitamin what deficiency

D

Osteoporosis is a disease of

Decreased bone mass

Which Bones are produced by intra membranus ossification

Flat bones of the skull

Match the fracture type to its description

Green stick Partial fracture convicts side of bone breaks and the other side is bent Linear fracture is parallel to the long axis of bone Oblique Diagonal fracture at an angle between linear and transverse Transverse Fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Place the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order

Hyaline cartilage model develops periosteal bone color forms Primary ossification center appears Secondary ossification center appear epiphyseal plates become epiphyseal lines

Bone growth within a membrane is called

Intramembranus ossification

Bone be in the picture provided, is classified as a what bone

Irregular, vertebral

Which statement characterize lamellar bone

It becomes the spongy bone of flat bones It becomes the compact bone a flat bones It is also called secondary bone

Which statement characterize bone remodeling

It can be stimulated by stress on a bone, it helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids, it occurs that the periosteal surface and endosteal surface of a bone

Which statements describe osteon

It contains a central canal It is microscopic It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone It is also called a Haversian system

Which is statement characterize endostium

It contains osteoblasts It lines medullary cavities It is active turning bone repair

Which statement characterizes the functions of cartilage

It covers the end of long bones, it provides a model for the formation of bones

Which statements characterize periosteum

It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone It is composed of dense irregular connective tissueIt functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bone

Which statements are true of Hyaline cartilage

It is a avascular It contains condrblast

Which statement characterizes articular cartilage

It is composed of Hytalin cartilage, it functions to reduce friction in joints, it covers and epiphysis

Which statements characterized woven bone

It is formed during intramembranous ossification, It is not well organized

witch statements correctly describe the effects of aging on the skeletal system

Its ability to produce organic portion of bone matrix decreases, the tensile strength of bone decreases

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of what that are pulled when skeleton muscles contract

Levers

Which statement characterize canalliculli

Nutrients pass through them They extend from lacunae to lacunae They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions

The release of what hormone increases blood calcium level

Parathyroid

A what fracture occurs in bone that has been weakened by disease

Pathologic

The bone part label V in the figure is the

Periosteum, The outer layer with perforating fibers

Place the following steps in order to summarize appositionem growth of cartlidge

Stem cells in the perichondrium undergo mitosis Committed cells become condro blasts New matrix is produced at the periphery of the cartilage

Calcium is required for

Stimulation of the heart, blood clotting, and initiation of muscle contraction

What type of fracture is a thin break caused by recent increased physical activity in which the bone experience repetitive loads

Stress fracture

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae a of ostions

They are rings of bone tissue Their numbers vary among ostions They contain college in fibers

Which statement characterizes osteocytes

They maintain bone matrix, they reside in lacunae

Place the zones of an epiphyseal plate in their correct order. Start with the zone closest to the epiphysis

Zone of resting cartilage Zone of proliferating cartilage Zone of hypertrophic cartilage Zone of calcified cartilage Zone of ossification

A bones growth in diameter is called

appositional growth

The growth along the periphery of cartilage is called

appositional growth

osteoprogenitor cells

are stem cells produce a cell that becomes an osteoblasts

In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartillaginous icallus s replaced with a

boney callus

Which organs are protected by bones

brain, heart, lungs, reproductive organs

Which hormone promotes calcium deposits in bone and inhibits osteo clastic activity

calcitonin

Bone formation requires

calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

diaphysis

The primary ossification center is located in the what of a long bone

diaphysis

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through what ossification

endochondral

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the

epiphyseal line

Lengthwise bone growth is complete when

epiphyseal lines form

The region of cartilage between the diaphysis and and Epiphysis of a long bone during endochondral ossification is called

epiphyseal plate

The secondary ossification centers form in the what of the long bones

epiphyses

The expanded end of a long bone is called the

epiphysis

True or false bone has a poor supply of blood vessel

false

Identify the structure marked a

fibrocartillaginous callus, soft callus pg 237

A blood clot within a bone fracture is a

fracture hematoma

The process of blood cell for direction is called what

hemopois

High levels of cortisol what bone loss

increase

The function of parathyroid hormone is to

increase blood calcium levels

Left over parts of ostions that have been partially resorbed are called what lamellae

interstitial

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

lacunae

What connect bone to bone

ligaments

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

medullary cavity

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and Epiphysis is the

metaphysis

The formation and development of bone is

ossification

Mature bone cell sitting in lacunae are called

osteocytes

Insufficient ossification is a condition known as

osteopenia

Cast a tone in is produced by what cells in the thyroid gland

parafollicular

The mineral called what, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids

phosphate

The region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage through endoossification is called the what ossification center, it is the 1st major center of bone formation

primary

Osteoblasts function to

produce osteoid

Which is a function of bone

protection of organs

In endochondral ossification, what ossification centers form in the epiphysis of long bones

secondary

The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a

simple fracture

Which are examples of short bones

some bones of the foot, bones of the wrist

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called

spongy bone

The role of estrogen and testosterone on maintenance and bone growth is to

stimulate osteoblasts; promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure

Long bones include

the bones of the fingers; the bones of the palm; the bones of the toes; and the thigh bone

Which statement characterize osteoclasts

they are phagocytic, They have ruffled borders

True False bone growth begins during embryologic development

true

Which is an example of an irregular bone

vertebrae

In intramembranus ossification, newly formed bone that is imature and not well organized is called

woven bone