A&P Chapter 11: Hormones and Endocrine System

The glands that sit atop the kidneys and respond to stresses on the body.

adrenal

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that counteracts the inflammatory responses, reducing swelling and pain in joints.

cortisol

A hormonal disease in which the liver cells and most body cells are unable to take up and use glucose.

diabetes

A condition in which too much Growth Hormone is produced in adults.

gigantism

the adrenal gland in the pancreas secretes ___________ to increase blood sugar levels

glucagon

A condition in which the thyroid gland swells to incredible size due to lack of iodine in the diet.

goiter

The hormone that promotes skeletal and muscular growth.

growth hormone

The gland that regulates the internal environment through the autonomic system.

hypothalmus

The pancreas secretes the hormone________ which helps to lower blood glucose levels.

insulin

The hormone responsible for our daily sleep-wake cycles.

melatonin

The pineal gland produces the hormone ________, which is responsible for our daily wake-sleep cycle.

melatonin

A condition in adults which is characterized by lethargy, weight gain, loss of hair, slower pulse rate, lowered body temperature and thick puffy skin is called

myxedma

Type of feedback that shuts down or decreases the effect.

negative feedback

Female sex glands

ovaries

The hormone that causes uterine contractions during childbirth.

oxytocin

A slender, pale-colored organ in the abdominal cavity that secretes insulin.

pancreas

The "master gland'; secretes hormones that turn on or off other glands.

pituitary

Type of feedback that brings about an effect that increases the intensity.

positive feedback

Hormones that are derived from cholesterol.

steroids

The male sex glands.

testes

Body shakes resulting from continuous muscle contractions due to a drop in blood calcium levels are called

tetany

Large gland in the neck that controls metabolism and produces several important hormones.

thyroid

Type of diabetes in which the pancreas is not producing insulin

type 1

Type of diabetes in obese individuals in which adipose tissue produces a substance that impairs insulin receptor function.

type 2

A condition resulting from too little adrenal hormones in which bronzing of the skin, weight loss, weakness, and low blood pressure are symptoms.

addison's disease

Testosterone related chemicals often abused for strength or muscle gain.

anabolic steroids

Hormones produced by the testes.

androgens

The way in which hormones communicate between cells, body parts, and even between individuals.

chemical signlas

The daily 24 hour cycles, such as "sleep-wake" cycles are known as

circadian rhythms

A condition in which the thyroid fails to develop properly and the individuals are short and stocky.

cretinism

A condition resulting from too much cortisol being secreted. Individuals with this disorder have fat deposited at the midsection, an obese trunk with normal sized arms and legs, and a moon-shaped face resulting from edema (swelling due to fluid retention).

cushing syndrome

A condition in which too little Growth hormone is produce during childhood.

dwarfism

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

endocrine

A system of glands that secrete hormones.

endocrine system

The hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that accelerates the breakdown of glucose and results in increased energy levels causing the "fight or flight" syndrome.

epinephrine

Chemical signals that affect the metabolism and influence the behavior of other individuals.

pheromones

Gland in the brain that produces the hormone melatonin.

pineal

The hormone responsible for causing mammary glands in the breasts to develop and produce milk.

prolactin

The gland that lies beneath the sternum (breastbone) that causes differentiation of T Cells that fight AIDS and Cancer.

thymus