A&P: chapter 12
In this diagram, which of these types of channels contributes to more potassium diffusing down their concentration gradient compared to sodium?
A
The cell body of what neuron(s) in this diagram is/are found in gray matter of the spinal cord?
A
Which diagram represents the type of circuit commonly used to send sensory signals to multiple areas of the brain?
A
Which of the cells in the diagram produces a myelin sheath but lacks a neurolemma?
A
In this diagram, where is a node of Ranvier?
B
Which diagram represents the type of circuit involved in controlling the movement of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii skeletal muscles?
B
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?
B
Which part of the neuron in this diagram produces proteins that can regenerate damaged axons in the PNS?
B
which of the structures in this diagram contains higher amount of voltage- gated sodium channels where action potentials are propagated
B
In this diagram, which of the channels is predominantly located on sensory neurons somas and dendrites and responds to vibration, touch, and stretch?
C
Which diagram represents a circuit that helps coordinated muscular activities, breathing, and short-term memory?
C
Which of the cells in this diagram sends electrical signals to glands, muscles and other neurons?
C
Which of the structures in this diagram would be included in a ganglion?
C
In this diagram, which of these types of channels represents a gate that opens to a depolarizing event?
D
Which diagram represents the type of circuit used to solve algorithms and geometry?
D
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that can be found in gray or white matter and makes contact with blood capillaries, neurons and pia mater of brain and spinal cord?
D
In this diagram, which structure electrically insulates the axon of a neuron to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction?
E
In this diagram, which structure would be produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
E
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?
F
During an action potential's ___________, a second stimulus will not produce a second action potential (no matter how strong that stimulus is). This event corresponds to the period when the __________ remain open and the sodium inactivation gates have not reopened.
absolute refractory period; voltage-gated potassium channels
Manic-depressive illness is associated with
bipolar disorder
this type of neuron has one dendrite one axon emerging from the cell body
bipolar neuron
chromatolysis refers to
break up of Nissi bodies after neural injury
plasticity means the ability to
change based on experience
Wallerian degeneration refers to
degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury
Which of the following structures is labeled A in the diagram?
dendrites
an excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.
depolarizes
this type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons.
diverging circuit
Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of
electrical synapses
Which division of the peripheral nervous system only innervates the gastrointestinal tract walls
enteric nervous system
Acetylcholine is _________ at the neuromuscular junctions and ________ at cardiac muscle in the parasympathetic pathway.
excitatory; inhibitory
In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it
fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold
Which neurotransmitters are used in virtually all of the inhibitory synapses found in the spinal cord?
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine
which type of central nervous system tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells?
gray matter
In an action potential, the electric current that flows is generated by the movement of _____ across the membrane.
ions
why is Na+/K+-ATPase considered to be an electrogenic pump
it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential
Which of these allows more potassium to exit the neuron and helps in maintaining the resting membrane potential?
leak channel
__________open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors.
mechanically gated channels
Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord?
multipolar neuron
Which electrical signal can allow for rapid long-distance communication within the nervous system?
nerve action potential
which organelle is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons?
nissi body
____ is a neurotransmitter that is made on demand and can be used for microbial defense. _____ is a neurotransmitter that is made on demand and is used for vasodilation and special sensory recognition.
nitric oxide; carbon monoxide
What specific type of unipolar neuron detects a sharp pain?
nociceptor
which of the following types of neurons is exclusively found in the cerebellum?
purkinje cells
During an action potential's ___________, a second stimulus can be produced only if the stimulus is greater than the threshold stimulus. This event corresponds to the period when the __________ remain open and sodium inactivation gates have reopened.
relative refractory period, potassium voltage gated channels
diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to
remove a neurotransmitter
Hearing your cell phone ring in an quiet lecture hall is an example of which nervous system functions?
sensory function
The neuron labeled B in this diagram would be classified as what type of functional neuron?
special senses neuron
what happens during the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel
the inactivation gate is open the activation gate is closed
when a graded potential summates to threshold at the axon hillock
voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly