A&P Chapter 1&2

Radiology

A branch of medicine that utilizes medical imaging technologies to explore the interior of the body.

Evolution

A change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms over a period of time.

Which of the following describes the integration center of the feedback mechanism?

A process information, relate it to other information, and makes a decision of action.

An organ is best described as which of the following?

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, what's recognize boundaries, and what a discrete function.

What are features that have evolved in response to environmental pressures called?

Adaptions

In anatomical terminology, The adjective comes ________ the noun.

After

Which of the following best describes an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Hypothesis

An educated guess that is capable of being tested and potentially he falsified by experimentation or data collection.

Which term. Refers to a negatively charged ion?

Anion

Which philosopher believe that not only could disease have supernatural cause it's natural causes as well, and argued that complex structures are built from smaller variety of simple components?

Aristotle

Name the smallest particle with a unique chemical identity

Atom

What is the smallest particle of matter with a unique chemical identity?

Atom

Place to levels of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexityfrom the smallest to the largest.

Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

A physician who is listening to your body is using which diagnostic procedure?

Auscultation

Who was the Muslim scholar that wrote the book the canon of medicine?

Avicenna

Descartes and _______ revolutionized the philosophy of science, arguing for a more systematic enterprise aimed at some new discoveries.

Bacon

Which receptor detects pressure changes?

Baroreceptors

The ability to stand and walk on two legs is called?

Bipedalism

Which of the following is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism?

Body temperature

What is the term for a dead human body use for dissection?

Cadaver

What type of ion has lost an electron and? Consequently, has a net positive charge?

Cation

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

Cell

which of the following are statistical test?

Chai square test, t-test

Who is known as the father of the theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen are examples of what kind of bonds?

Chemical

Which physician to the Roman gladiators wrote on the anatomy of humans based on his dissections of pigs, monkeys, and other animals?

Claudius Galen

Which forces can act as a selective pressure?

Climate, disease, predator.

What is the study of more than one species in order to observe their structural similarities and differences called?

Comparative anatomy

In which of the following does a surgeon learn a procedure on animals before practicing on humans?

Comparative physiology

What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called?

Differentiation

What type of equilibrium occurs when there is a such an average point and conditions fluctuate around that point?

Dynamic

A molecule, cell, or organ that carries out a response to a stimulus is called?

Effector

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Electron

According to the section of chapter 1 that covers analyzing terms the duct of Santorini is an example of a?

Eponym

The general process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body is called

Excretion

In an experiment, the control group is an altered, while the ______ group contains the variable being tested.

Experimental

The term for conscious or subconscious influence and experimenter may have on the interpretation of the data is__________bias.

Experimenter

Which statement best describes a theory?

Explanatory statement that concisely summarize the state of knowledge on a phenomenon and provides direction for further study.

_________ surgery is the practice of diagnosing illnesses by opening the body

Exploratory

Information that can be independently verified by a trained person is called which of the following?

Fact

The study of ultrastructure focuses on examining individual cells but not their internal components. True or false

False

True or false The scientific method is an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proved false by experimentation or data collection.

False

True or false. The work of Galen is considered the birth of experimental physiology.

False

Who or false. Vesalius was the first to describe the cell theory.

False

Which languages are most medical terms are derived from?

Greek or Latin

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?

Gross

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of __________ concentration to a region of __________ concentration.

Higher;lower

Who is the Greek physician that established a code of ethics and urge positions to see can natural causes for diseases?

Hippocrates

Which branch of medicine examines tissues for diseases?

Histopathology

Which theory states that there are emergent properties of the whole organism that cannot be understood by its individual parts?

Holism

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment is known as?

Homeostasis

Which type of bond can be described as a week attraction between a slightly positive region in one molecule and a slightly negative region in a different molecule?

Hydrogen

Match each prefix to its meaning.

Hypo meaning below Epi- meaning above Endo meaning within, inside di meaning to

Match the word element on the left without proper description on the right for the word hyperthermia.

Hypo- prefix Ia- suffix Therm- root

Which one is testable, Falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known.

Hypothesis

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what?

Independently verified

The ___________ method as prescribed by bacon, is a process of making numerous observations until one feels confident enjoying generalization and prediction from them.

Inductive

What is the act of looking at the body called?

Inspection

Physiology

Is the study of the function of a biological organism.

What are the benefits of a large sample size?

It controls for individual variation. It enables us to place greater confidence in the outcome. It controls for chance events.

What is a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave called?

Law of nature

The suffix ________ means "the study of"

Logy

A molecule of large size and height molecular weight, such as proteins, nucleic acid, polysaccharide, or a triglyceride is called a?

Macromolecule

Fill in the correct term for the following sequence

Macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

Who is the Jewish position that route 10 medical books and numerous books on diseases?

Maimonides

Inductive method

Method of study is the process of drawing conclusions and making protections from repeated observations.

Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe what?

Microorganisms

Adding together the atomic weight of all Atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its __________ weight.

Molecular

Which of the following is made by joining two or more different atoms together?

Molecule

To the following terms below can be applied to glucose?

Molecule and compound

Blood pressure is controlled by a__________feedback mechanism.

Negative

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change, restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback?

Negative

Which of the following is in uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an Atom?

Neutron

Isotopes differ from one another by containing different numbers of which subatomic particle?

Neutrons

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called?

Organ system

What is a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions called?

Organelles

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

Organism

Which sub discipline of physiology is concerned with the mechanism of diseases?

Pathophysiology

What is the method of having result evaluated by other experts in the field called?

Peer review

Which is the act of tapping the body to feel for abnormal resistance or listening for sounds called?

Percussion

Differences and sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Physiological

What is a substance with no significant effect on his subjects physiology but is given to a control group that thinks they are being given the treatment called?

Placebo

Which structure encloses the cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

Contractions during childbirth is an example of a _________feedback mechanism.

Positive

A self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as____feedback.

Positive feedback

Which term refers to the positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an Atom?

Protons

Affects of the subjects state of mind on their physiology are known as ________ effects.

Psychosomatic

The name for a cell or organ that are specialized to the time a stimulus, such as a taste cell for a rod or cone of the eye, is a?

Receptor

Which theory states that more complex structures can be understood by studying at smaller parts?

Reductionism

Which of the following are features of an arboreal habitat? Select all that apply

Relatively less competition. Rich supply of leaves and fruit. Relative safety from predators.

Who improved the microscope and was the first to observe and describe cells?

Robert Hooke

Which of the following is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and make proven false by experimentation?

Scientific method

Which forces promote the reproduction success of some individuals over others?

Selection pressures

Which forces promote the reproductive success of some individuals over others?

Selection pressures.

A ____\_test provides a statement of probability that the experimental outcome was due to random variation.

Statistical

Organisms respond to changes in their environment called what?

Stimuli

During a physical examination, percussion is often used. Which of the following describes what is meant by percussion?

Tapping on the body surface than listening to the echo to diagnose help.

And international body of Anna Thomas convened in 1998 to standardized anatomical terminology. The result was a book known as the --------- -----, which took steps to both Latin and common English equivalent.

Terminologica Anatomica

Match the standardized list of anatomical terminology on the left with its description on the right.

Terminoogia Anatomica: included in Latin and commonly used English terms. Devise a 1998. Nomina Anatomica: purged eponyms from Terminology and included only let in terms. Devise in the late 1800s

Experimenter bias is defined as which of the following?

The conscious or subconscious influence and experimenter may have on the interpretation of their data.

Which of the following describes how anatomical terms are frequently constructed? Consider the example, foreman magnum and stratum lucidum.

The noun is located before the adjective.

What does the term dissection refer to?

The process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships.

Anatomy

The study of body structures

A molecule might be composed of one element or more than one element. True or false

True

True or false. As much as 30% of the human population can have variations and they are anatomy.

True

True or false. The double blind method is used to control experimental bias we are neither the subject no other person giving treatment and recording data known which subjects are receiving treatment and which are receiving placebo.

True

Acronyms are terms that do which of the following?

Use the first letter of the series of words.

Who is the first Anatomist to published an atlas of anatomy?

Vesalius

Who was the English man from the 1500s known for the study of physiology? Especially of the heart.

William Harvey