A&P Chapter 9

Joints can be classified structurally as fibrous. synovial. bony. cartilaginous. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

How is a bulging disc different from a herniated disc? In a bulging disk, the annulus fibrosus protrudes into the vertebral canal. In a bulging disk, the annulus fibrosus has become torn. In a bulging disk, the hyaline cartilage of the annulus fibrosus is still intact. In a bulging disk, the annulus fibrosus protrudes into the nucleus pulposus.

In a bulging disk, the annulus fibrosus protrudes into the vertebral canal.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage? The matrix contains more water than other cartilages. There is no perichondrium. Surfaces are normally slick and smooth. It is composed of cartilage similar to hyaline cartilage. It secretes synovial fluid.

It secretes synovial fluid

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the synovial membrane. What treatment would you recommend for Jessica? limiting activity immune suppressants corticosteroid injections gentle exercise and NSAIDs

gentle exercise and NSAIDs

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a synotosis. syndesmosis. suture. gomphosis. synchondrosis.

gomphosis

What type of synovial joint is the knee, and what movements is this joint capable of? pivot joint capable of rotation hinge joint capable of monaxial movement saddle joint capable of biaxial movement ball-and socket-joint capable of triaxial movement

hinge joint capable of monaxial movement

Ankle extension is also called inversion. protraction. plantar flexion. dorsiflexion. eversion.

plantar flexion

A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by ossification of the vertebral disc. loss of annulus fibrosis elasticity. slippage of the fibrocartilage disc. transformation of fibrocartilage to hyaline cartilage. protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus

The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to allow biaxial movement. allow monaxial movement. reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements. reinforce the joint capsule. limit the range of movements

reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the navicular bone with the cuniform bones. femur with the acetabulum. ribs with the sternum. radius and the ulna. atlas and the axis.

ribs with the sternum

The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum at the ________ joint. sacroiliac iliocoxal coxosacral vertebrocoxal vertebroilial

sacroiliac

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint. hinge gliding saddle pivot condylar

saddle

The intervertebral disc joint is called a glide joint. synarthrosis. symphysis. condylar joint. synchondrosis.

symphysis

A suture is an example of a(n) amphiarthrosis. synarthrosis. symphysis. diarthrosis. syndesmosis.

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n) symphysis. synarthrosis. diarthrosis. amphiarthrosis. syndesmosis.

synarthrosis

A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a syndesmosis. gomphosis. synostosis. symphysis. synchondrosis.

syndesmosis

An epiphyseal line is an example of a symphysis. gomphosis. syndesmosis. synostosis. synchondrosis

synostosis

A chiropractor manipulates joints, specifically the vertebral joints, to correct subluxations. What is another way to state this? A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations. A dislocation can only be corrected by a chiropractor. Synarthroses are major weak points for subluxations. A chiropractor corrects major dislocations that occur at amphiarthroses.

A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations.

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? The matrix begins to break down. Friction in the joint increases. Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. The exposed surface appears rough. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following occurs as part of osteoarthritis? Cartilage develops shredded surface. There is increased friction. Cartilage breaks down. All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

What types of joint are freely movable like the knee? Amphiarthroses are freely movable joints. Synchrondroses are freely movable joints. Diarthroses are freely movable joints. Synarthroses are freely movable joints.

Diarthroses are freely movable joints.

What is the trade off for joints with greater movement? Joints with greater movement have less flexibility. Joints with greater movement have fewer bone articulations. Joints with greater movement have greater strength. Joints with greater movement have less stability.

Joints with greater movement have less stability.

Which of the following is false? The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint. The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint. The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint. The rotator cuff functions to limit the range of movements of the shoulder joint. The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint.

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint

Which of the following types of joints would be least likely to dislocate? a bony synostosis a triaxial diarthrosis a fibrous syndesmosis a cartilaginous symphysis

a bony synostosis

Tom was experiencing pain, numbness, and weakness after he lifted a heavy box. Which of the following is the most likely injury that occurred? a loss of the annulus fibrosis slippage of the hyaline cartilage a herniated intervertebral disc fracture of a vertebra

a herniated intervertebral disc

Which of the following sports positions would most likely be associated with a rotator cuff injury? a quarterback a golfer a soccer player a snowboarder

a quarterback

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci are prominent fat pads to protect the articulating bones. are found between the patella and femur. act as cushions between the articulating surfaces. take the place of bursae. are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia.

act as cushions between the articulating surfaces.

A slightly movable joint is a(n) gomphosis. amphiarthrosis. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. synostosis.

amphiarthrosis

Which structure of the intervertebral disc attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebra? nucleus pulposus ligamentum flavum anulus fibrosus vertebral end plates

anulus fibrosus

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except around many synovial joints. beneath the skin covering a bone. around blood vessels. tendon sheaths. within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure.

around blood vessels.

The clinical term for joint inflammation is arthritis. bursitis. bunions. atherosclerosis. rheumatism.

arthritis

Which terms describe the types of movement allowed at the thumb at the 1st carpometacarpal joint. Biaxial Linear motion Triaxial Monaxial Rotation Angular motion

biaxial; angular motion

The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves extension. adduction. flexion. abduction. both flexion and extension.

both flexion and extension.

The surface of articular cartilage is flat. smooth. slick. rough. both slick and smooth.

both slick and smooth

A______ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe. spur bunion callus pimple blister

bunion

Structurally, the pubic symphysis is classified as a ________ articulation. diarthrotic fibrous bony synovial cartilaginous

cartilaginous

Identify the INCORRECT pair. synarthrosis; immovable joint gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint chondrosis; freely moving joint They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.

chondrosis; freely moving joint

Which term describes a complex movement that includes both changing the angle at a joint and then moving the distal bone in a circular direction? Linear motion Rotation Angular motion Circumduction

circumduction

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints? covered by a capsule lined by a secretory epithelium covered by a serous membrane contain synovial fluid freely movable

covered by a serous membrane

Which of the following is not a property of articular cartilage? covered by perichondrium enclosed by an articular capsule similar to hyaline cartilage lubricated by synovial fluid smooth, low-friction surface

covered by perichondrium

What do all types of arthritis have in common? destruction of cartilage a genetic predisposition crystals of uric acid viral or bacterial infection

destruction of cartilage

A freely movable joint is a(n) diarthrosis. amphiarthrosis. syndesmosis. symphysis. synarthrosis.

diarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a(n) syndesmosis. diarthrosis. symphysis. synarthrosis. amphiarthrosis.

diarthrosis

All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints except extension. rotation. lateral flexion. dorsiflexion. flexion.

dorsiflexion

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to rigid cartilaginous bridge. periodontal ligament. fibrous cartilage. dense regular connective tissue. completely fused.

fibrous cartilage

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the humeroradial joint. ulnar joint. ulnaradial joint. radial joint. humero-ulnar joint.

humero-ulnar joint.

The joint with greatest range of motion is the __________. femur-tibia femur-acetabulum humerus-scapula humerus-ulna

humerus-scapula

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? provides nutrients lubrication shock absorption protects articular cartilages increases osmotic pressure within joint

increases osmotic pressure within joint

The most common athletic knee injury produces damage to the ligaments. lateral meniscus. tendons. patella. medial meniscus.

medial meniscus

Which structure of the intervertebral articulation gives the disc its resiliency and ability to absorb shock? anulus fibrosus vertebral end plates ligamentum flavum nucleus pulposus

nucleus pulposus

A herniated disc occurs when the knee is hyperextended. inner core of the disc is squeezed to one side. disc slips out from between the adjacent vertebrae. nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus. adjacent bones fuse.

nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus.

Which of these conditions more commonly occurs with advancing age? osteoarthritis fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva bursitis rheumatoid arthritis

osteoarthritis

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a ________ joint. pivot gliding ball and socket saddle condyloid

pivot

The fluid within Bursae functions to cushion structures in or around a joint. In Bursitis, excessive fluid accumulates and joint movements become painful. What is the name of this fluid within healthy bursae? synovial fluid plasma pus sebum

synovial fluid

The fluid that fills the joint cavity in a diarthrosis is produced by the __________. cruciate ligaments menisci medial fat pad synovial membrane

synovial membrane

A torn lateral collateral ligament destabilizes the connection between which of the following bones? the femur and the fibula the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula the femur and the tibia the patella and the tibia

the femur and the fibula

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because the knee contains seven major ligaments. the knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks. the knee is protected by the patella. the femur articulates with the tibia at the knee. the knee is extremely resilient.

the knee contains seven major ligaments.

During a weightlifting event, a participant suffered a painful injury involving a connective tissue pad on the lateral border of his left knee. Which structure is most likely the one that got damaged? the medial meniscus the lateral collateral ligament the fibular collateral ligament the lateral meniscus

the lateral mensicus