A&P Chapters 17-19 Study Questions
P-R interval
A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or AV node will primarily affect the length of the __________.
hydrostatic pressure
Blood pressure is equivalent to __________.
Capillary OP - interstitial OP
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an osmotic pressure gradient equal to __________.
Water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration.
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary.
increased local perfusion
Dilating arterioles in a specific tissue will cause __________.
Plateau phase
During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell?
decreased, decreased
Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output.
forces the semilunar valves open
High-pressured blood in the ventricles __________.
vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output
If the chemoreceptors detect a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, they will trigger __________.
Hepatic portal vein
Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain?
muscular arteries
Large vessels with all three tunics and a well-developed tunica media are called __________.
inferior vena cava
Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the __________.
pressure in the ventricles increases
The AV valves close when __________.
vasodilation and decreased cardiac output
The baroreceptor reflex response to high blood pressure is __________.
delayed, before
The electrical impulse is __________ as it passes through the AV node, because the atria need to contract __________ ventricles.
calcium influx
The plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is due to __________.
sinoatrial (SA) node
The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the __________.
involve calcium voltage-gated channels
Unlike skeletal muscle action potentials, cardiac muscle action potentials __________.
isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular systole begins during the __________ phase of the cardiac cycle.
95 mm Hg
What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Aorta
What is the largest artery in the body?
End-diastolic volume (EDV)
What largely determines preload?
popliteal artery
What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh?
Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)
What two values are needed to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle?
systemic arterioles
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?
systemic arteries
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?
R-R interval
Which electrocardiogram (ECG) finding can be used to measure heart rate?
metarteriole
Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?
collaterals
Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?
the atria contracts
Which of the following happens immediately after the P wave?
decreased cardiac output
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the hormone Angiotensin II?
renal artery stenosis
Which of the following is a cause of hypertension?
decreased blood oxygen concentration
Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?
increased blood volume
Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure?
AV node (atrioventricular node)
a cluster of pacemaker cells located posterior and medial to the tricuspid valve.
contractions
inotropic agents affect...
SA node (sinoatrial node)
located in the upper right atrium slightly inferior and lateral to the opening of the superior vena cava.
Purkinje fiber system
slowest group of pacemaker cells
epicardium
the visceral pericardium is also known as...
