A&P connect exam 2
Indicate two mechanisms used by the integumentary system to help maintain body temperature.
Alter production of sweat Alter diameter of dermal blood vessels
Complete each sentence describing life-span changes that occur in the skeletal system.
As the body ages, the calcium levels in bone fall and bone material gradually deteriorates.As a result, the skeleton loses strength and the bone becomes brittle and increasingly prone to fracture.The ability of fractures to heal reveals that bone tissue is alive and functional.
Match the skin layers with the correct tissue type.
Dense connective tissue Dermis Stratified squamous epithelium Epidermis Adipose and areolar tissue Subcutaneous layer
What type of connective tissue is comprised of many interwoven and randomly organized collagen fibers?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What variation in melanin accounts for the differences in skin tone between individuals
Differences in the amount of melanin produced
What is the end of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
Match the descriptions with the correct epidermal cell type.
Found in deepest layer; produce pigment Melanocytes Most abundant cell type; provide waterproofing to skin Keratinocytes Scattered within epidermis; phagocytic cells Epidermal dendritic cells
From what do intramembranous bones form?
From sheetlike layers of unspecialized connective tissue
What type of burn involves the destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures of the skin?
Full-thickness burn
Complete the following sentences describing general information about tissues.
In all complex organisms, cells are organized into tissues These tissues are composed of groups of similar cells. Although the shapes of the cells may differ, all cells in the tissue have a common function. There are four major types of tissues.
Match the hair color that results from each type of melanin, or the lack thereof.
Pheomelanin Red hair; blonde hair Eumelanin Dark hair Lack of pigment White hair
During wound healing, granulations may form. What are granulations?
Small masses consisting of a blood vessel and associated fibroblasts.
What type of muscle tissue is found in the wall of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
Match the location in the body with the name of the bone.
Thigh bone Femur Lateral lower leg bone Fibula Medial lower leg bone Tibia Knee cap Patella
Match the following descriptions of epithelial cell shapes with the appropriate term.
Thin flattened cells Squamous Cube-like cells Cuboidal Elongated cells Columnar
Match the location in the body with the name of the bone.
Upper arm bone Humerus Collar bone Clavicle Shoulder blade Scapula Lateral bone of the forearm Radius Medial bone of the forearm Ulna
What is the role of vitamin D in bone development?
Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the small intestine which is used to build bone matrix.
Answer the following questions about the image.
What bone is this? Scapula What feature of the bone is indicated by the arrow? Acromion process Is this feature found medially or laterally on the bone? Lateral Is this a posterior or anterior view of the bone? Posterior Does this bone belong on the right or left side of the body? Right
What is the role or function of yellow marrow in the bone tissue?
Yellow bone marrow is a site for storage of fat.
The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of __________ tissue, and the reticular layer is composed of __________ tissue.
areolar; dense irregular
Anchoring the epidermis to the superficial dermis is a thin layer called the __________.
basement membrane
The surface area of contact between the epidermis and the dermis is increased by structures called __________. This increased surface area allows for improved gas and nutrient exchange and waste removal by dermal blood vessels.
dermal papillae
When healing a shallow cut in the skin, the rate of mitosis increases in what layer?
epidermis
What type of dead cells make up a hair?
epithelial cells
A single cell, or a structure consisting of a group of cells, that makes and secretes a substance is called a(n) __________.
gland
What is the composition of extracellular matrix found in connective tissue?
ground substance, protein fibers
The epidermal cells called __________ are responsible for producing the pigment found in the skin.
melanocyte
The dermis extends upward between ridges of epidermis. These dermal extensions are called dermal
papillae
Which of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?
scapula
What type of membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the external environment, such as the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
serous membrane
What is the function of the lunula of the nail?
site of nail growth
Name the epidermal layer that is found in thick skin, but is absent from thin skin.
stratum lucidum
Dense connective tissue is found in __________ and is made of thick, strong __________ fibers.
tendons; collagen
Bones contain living tissues.
true
