A&P Exam 1
Describe the movement of melanin in the skin
Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes
Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases peeling or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum-production?
Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
What is a cation?
a positively charged ion
Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes? treat cancer diagnose disorders sterilize materials all of the above
all of the above
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is
albanism
Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?
as body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body
The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)
atom
A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will
become pale
By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain
body temperature homeostasis
A ____________ will resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions.
buffer
The gluteal region is commonly known as the
buttock
The sural region is the
calf
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen
A substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called a/an
catalyst
The nondigestible plant polysaccharide is known as
cellulose
What term means closer to the head?
cephalic
An enzyme molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an
coenzyme
A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a/an
compound and a molecule
The portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the
shaft
Which body system would be affected by degenerate of cartilage in joints?
skeletal
An anatomic image created from sound waves is a
sonogram
Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism? stabilizer effector control center receptor
stabilizer
Subcutaneous tissue contains all of the following except macrophages stratified squamous epithelial tissue collagen & elastin fibers fibroblasts and adipocytes
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the
stratum basale
What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?
stratum basale, stratum spinous, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidium, & stratum corneum
The nail proper is composed of the
stratum corneum
T or F A CT scan allows for a 3-D image to be generated.
true
T or F The epidermis contains no blood vessels.
true
Positive feedback mechanisms are more commonly seen in ___________ individuals.
unhealthy
The brachial region is commonly known as the
upper arm
Which of the following nitrogen bases is found in RNA but not DNA?
uracil
This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of melanocytes.
vitiligo
Melanin production can be influenced by genetics pregnancy hormones exposure to sunlight all of these
all of these
The element has a mass number of 238 and contains 92 protons. How many neutrons does an atom of uranium have?
146
Cobalt-60 is used for radiation treatments of cancer. What is the atomic number of Co-60?
27
The newly discovered element "zinferon" has a mass number of 425 and contains 125 protons. How many neutrons does an atom of this element contain?
300
Cobalt--60 is used for radiation treatments of cancer. How many neutrons does an atom of Co-60 have?
33
Cobalt-60 is used for radiation treatments of cancer. What is the mass number of Co-60?
60
With regard to the validity of the biomedical research in physiological studies, which statement is correct? Although the individual variables may be the same in some animal species, the general homeostatic mechanisms are often very different. Although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different.
Although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different.
____________ play a role in the response of tissues to injuries.
Eicosanoids
T or F Both the spleen and the urinary bladder are contained within the pelvic cavity subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity.
False
T or F The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the sternum.
False
T or F With regard to biomedical research: Because rats, pigs, apes, and other mammals share over 90% of the sam genes as humans, these animals are always good predictors for how humans will respond to a specific drug therapy.
False
T or F With regard to biomedical research: It has been found that drugs that are toxic to one mammal species will be toxic to another mammal species.
False
Fatty acid A has 10 double covalent bonds scattered throughout its carbon chain while fatty acid B has only single covalent bonds between the carbon in its chain. Which statement is true?
Fatty acid B is saturated
_____________ are comprised of thin, dead scaly cells.
Fingernails
___________ is defined as the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
Homeostasis
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is FALSE? The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone & muscle. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
Why is water involved in most metabolic reactions in the human body?
It can dissolve many chemical compounds
The form of energy that actually does work is
Kinetic energy
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
Langerhans cells
______________ provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues.
Proteins
Which of the following statements best describes RNA?
RNA is a single-stranded molecule
Which of the following statements is false? Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
_______________ is the storage carbohydrate in plants.
Starch
Indicate the statements that correctly describe partial thickness burns.
They are subdivided into first and second-degree burns. They may involve only the epidermis.
Why are cyanide compounds lethal to humans?
They interfere with the production of ATP
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false? Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones & teeth. Vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to UV light. Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine. Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
One functionalists of the integumentary system is to act as a barrier to bacteria, however there are many microbes that already live on or in our bodies without causing infections. Some treatment for acne include specific oral antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, to reduce the amount of Propionibacterium acnes on the skin and in the follicles. Knowing there are both 'good' & 'bad' bacterial forms of P. acnes, which of the following statements about using antibiotics is true? a) Some "good" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. b) Only "bad" bacteria are reduced. c) Some "bad" bacteria are reduced. d) Some "bad" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. e) Some new bacterial infections can be prevented. f) Only old infections can be controlled g) Some new bacterial infections can begin h) Some "good" bacteria are reduced.
a) Some "good" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. c) Some "bad" bacteria are reduced. d) Some "bad" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. e) Some new bacterial infections can be prevented. g) Some new bacterial infections can begin h) Some "good" bacteria are reduced.
The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the __________ cavity.
abdominal
The minimum amount of energy that reactants must have to start a chemical reaction is called
activation energy
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide? adenine--a nitrogen base glucose--a monosaccharide cholesterol--a steroid calcium ions ATP
adenine--a nitrogen base
Acne is cause by testosterone propionibacterium sebum abnormal keratinization of hair follicles all of these factors
all of these factors
If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut? stratum corneum hypodermis stratum basale dermis all of these layers
all of these layers
Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35.
an imbalance called acidosis results
A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses?
an increase in the respiratory rate
All the synthesis reactions in the body are called
anabolism
A(n) ___________ is a negatively charged ion.
anion
In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face _________.
anteriorly
Body odor results from secretions from the ___________ sweat glands.
apocrine
The antecubital region is the
area in front of the elbow
Normal pH for blood is 7.35-7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is
critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH.
The study of the structure features and functions of the cell is
cytology
Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? decreased protein demand hypermetabolic state electrolyte imbalance weight loss fever
decreased protein demand
Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the
dermis
Which of the following is NOT a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism?
detects a change in the value of a variable
On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from
dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions
dissociate or separate from one another.
Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to ___________ in another.
dissolve
Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are
electron
The pineal gland, thymus, and adrenal glands all belong to the ___________ system.
endocrine
If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product;
energy is released by the reaction
The ante brachial region is the
forearm
What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?
full thickness burns
Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another? glycogen, glucose, sucrose glucose, fructose, galactose deoxyribose, glycogen, starch starch, glycogen, cellulose ribose, glycogen, glucose
glucose, fructose, galactose
The inguinal region is commonly known as the ____________.
groin
An increase in the number of cells is
growth
The study of tissues is
histology
By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in
immunity
Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints
improve the grip of the hands.
The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue thinner epidermis increase in sebaceous gland activity reduction in collagen and elastin.
increase in sebaceous gland activity
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another in __________ bonding.
ionic
What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?
keratin
The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is
lateral
A cut through the long axis of an organ is a(n)
longitudinal section
The lumbar region is the
lower back
The central axis of the hair is the
medulla
The vesicles that contain melanin are
melanosomes
The nail root and the nail body attach to the
nail bed.
Nail cells are produced by the
nail matrix
The proximal portion of the nail is the
nail root
The umbilical region is commonly known as the
naval
Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, & organ system. Which level encompasses the other four?
organ system
The wall of the abdominopelvic (abdominal & pelvic) cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the
parietal peritoneum
The suffix "-itis" means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver? peritonitis pericarditis pleurisy colitis hepatitis
peritonitis
The contraction of the arrestor pili pulls the follicle into a more _______________ position in relation to the skin surface
perpendicular
A bullet enters the left lung and collapses it. Which cavity has been entered?
pleural
_______________ contain long chains of monosaccharides.
polysaccharides
Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol? estrogen bile salts testosterone prostaglandins progesterone
prostaglandins
Which function of proteins is NOT correctly matched with the example? structure - collagen & keratin regulation - enzymes & hormones protection - packing around organs & glands transport - hemoglobin contraction - actin & myosin in muscles
protection - packing around organs & glands
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
Which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to? carbohydrate protein lipid nucleic acid vitamin
protein
A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is
proximal
The shoulder is __________ to the elbow.
proximal
A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as
psoriasis
This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.
psoriasis
The study of the body's organization by areas is
regional anatomy
Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of
responsiveness
In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes?
stratum spinosum
Rupturing the dermis may cause the development of
stretch marks
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
sucrose
Which of the following describes the position of the nose? lateral to the eyes posterior to the ears superior to the mouth superior to the forehead inferior to the chin
superior to the mouth
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called
terminal hairs
The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from
the light-scattering properties of collagen
Isotopes of the same element have
the same atomic number but differ in their mass numbers
The femoral region is the
thigh
What type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain?
third-degree
Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the ____________ plane
transverse
Which of the following is NOT a possible product of a nuclear reaction to form a more stable nucleus? gamma ray x-ray alpha particle beta particle
x-ray
X-rays can be used to view bones because
x-rays CANNOT pass through bone.
