A&P Final Exam Review
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
2
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
ADH
A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?
Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.
Which of the following statements about blood is true?
Blood is slightly more viscous than water.
Which of the following statements about insulin is true?
Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.
Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true?
It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage.
Which of the following statements about albumin is true?
It is the most abundant plasma protein.
The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________.
TSH from the anterior pituitary
Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true?
They have no nucleus.
Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________.
abnormally high levels of cortisol
Which of the following describes a neutrophil?
abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria
Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via ________.
active transport
The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________.
agglutination
Interleukins are associated primarily with which of the following?
all of the above
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?
all of the above
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ________.
an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
antidiuretic hormone
T and B lymphocytes ________.
are involved with specific immune function
The walls of the atria produce which hormone?
atrial natriuretic peptide
A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte?
basophils
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during the ________.
common pathway
A molecule of hemoglobin ________.
consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme
The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ________.
copper, zinc, and vitamin B12
In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________.
decreased basal metabolic rate
Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________.
development of T cells
The process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called ________.
emigration
The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________.
exposure to bright light
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?
glucagon
Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver?
immunoglobulin
Hemophilia is characterized by ________.
inadequate production of clotting factors
The end result of the RAAS is to ________.
increase blood pressure
Which of the following responses s not part of the fight-or-flight response?
increased oxygen supply to the lungs
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?
inhibin
The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?
kidneys
People with ABO blood type O ________.
lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ________.
macrophages
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________.
nerve axons
A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?
neural
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer?
oral ectoderm
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________.
paracrine
What cells secrete melatonin?
pinealocytes
Thrombocytes are more accurately called ________.
platelets
Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells?
platelets
A patient has been suffering for 2 months with a chronic, watery diarrhea. A blood test is likely to reveal ________.
polycythemia
The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________.
prepare the breasts for lactation
Endocrine glands ________.
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
The gonads produce what class of hormones?
steroid hormones
When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________.
the activity of osteoclasts
The development of a goiter indicates that ________.
there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles
A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________.
thyroid hormone
The first step in hemostasis is ________.
vascular spasm
Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________.
blood oxygen levels
Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?
fractures
