A&P Full
False
Somatic reflexes are responses of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.
False
Spinal cord conducts signals up and down the body passing through gray and white matter, respectively.
True
The cross extension reflex is the contraction of the extensors on one side of the body when the flexors are contracted on the other side
False
The nervous system employs exclusively electrical means to send messages, whereas the endocrine system communicates by means of chemical messengers.
False
The stretch reflex is a tendency of a muscle to stretch when it is overcontracted.
False
The tendon reflex is the inhibition of a muscle contraction that occurs when its tendon is excessively stretched.
the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum.
The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in
anterior horn
This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord. What does "3" represent?
C6
This figure shows a dermatome map. A patient with no sensation in the left thumb would probably have a nerve damaged in
posterior root of a spinal nerve
This figure shows a detail of the spinal cord, meninges and spinal nerves. What does "1" represent?
arachnoid mater
This figure shows a detail of the spinal cord, meninges and spinal nerves. What does "4" represent?
perineurium
This figure shows the anatomy of a nerve. What does "3" represent?
the cervical enlargement
This figure shows the posterior aspect of spinal nerve roots and plexuses. What does "2" represent?
brachial plexus
This figure shows the posterior aspect of spinal nerve roots and plexuses. What does "3" represent?
dendrites
This image shows a representative neuron. What does "1" represent?
Schwann cells
This image shows a representative neuron. What does "5" represent?
1. Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex
True
11. The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are involved in such feels as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain
True
12. The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language
True
2. The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci
True
6. Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum
True
9. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon
True
True
Unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma.
False
When a neuron is stimulated, Na+ gates open and allow Na+ to exit the cell.
True
A dermatome is a nerve innervating a specific region in the skin.
True
A ganglion is a swelling along a nerve containing cell bodies of peripheral neurons.
False
A nerve fiber is enclosed in its own fibrous sleeve called perineurium
True
A stretch reflex is often accompanied by reciprocal inhibition.
58. ___ show more lateralization than ___ A. adult males; adult females B. young children; adults C. young children; elders D. adult females; adult males E. young male children; adult males
A. adult males; adult females
50. The predominance of ___ waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed A. alpha B. beta C. theta D. delta E. gamma
A. alpha
34. The ___ is the largest part of the hindbrain A. cerebellum B. cerebrum C. brainstem D. pons E. hypothalamus
A. cerebellum
25. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the_____ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the _____. A. lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus B. lateral, and third; superior sagittal sinus C. lateral, third and fourth; central canal of the spinal cord D. later; central canal of the spinal cord E. lateral, third, and fourth; superior saggital sinus
A. lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus
44. Planning, motivation, and social judgement are function of the brain associated with A. the frontal lobe B. the parietal lobe C. the occipital lobe D. the insula E. the temporal lobe
A. the frontal lobe
30. The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in A. the medulla oblongata B. the pons C. the midbrain D. the spinal cord E. the diencephalon
A. the medulla oblongata
40. Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in A. the thalamus B. the hypothalamus C. the epithalamus D. the cerebellum E. the reticular formation
A. the thalamus
False
Acetylcholine triggers the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP only in neurons of the PNS.
True
Action potential never occurs in dendrites.
19. The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called ___ and deeper masses called ___ surrounded by white matter A. nuclei; tracts B. cortex; nuclei c. cortex; medulla D. medulla; midbrain E. medulla; nerves
B. cortex; nuclei
39. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic A. telencephalon B diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon e. myelencephalon
B. diencephalon
23. From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in this order A. dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid B. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater c. pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid D. pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater e. arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater
B. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
53. Short term memory is associated with the ___, whereas long term memory is associated with the ___ A. cerebral cortex; hippocampus B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex C. cerebral cortex; amygdala D. amygdala; hippocampus E. hippocampus; midbrain
B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex
60. After a stroke a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected the A. precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe b. postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe c. precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe D. postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe e. postcentral gryus in the left frontal lobe
B. postcentral gryrus in the left parietal lobe
31. The ___ functions in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly A. inferior colliculi B. superior colliculi C. tegmentum D. red nucleus E. substantia nigra
B. superior colliculi
55. Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex A. the shoulder B. the fingers C. the toes D. the trunk E. the neck
B. the fingers
48. Most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in A. the reticular formation B. the neocortex C. the limbic system D. the basal nuclei E. the substantia nigra
B. the neocortex
45. which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe? A. chiefly concerned with mood, memory, and emotions B. the principal visual center of the brain C. the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses D. concerned with voluntary motor functions e. likely to play a role in understanding spoken language
B. the principal visual center of the brain
27. The blood brain barrier consists of A. gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls B. tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls C. gap and tight junc between astorycytes and enothelial cells that form the capillary walls D. desmosomes and tight junc between astrocytes and ependymal cells taht form the capillary walls E. gap junct between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
B. tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
57. Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the ___, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word A. primary motor area B. cerebral lateralization C. broca area D. wernicke area E. primary auditory area
C. broca area
18. The cerebellum is ___ to the cerebrum A. superficial B. deep C. caudal D. rostral E. medial
C. caudal
33. The reticular formation is a web of ___ scattered throughout the ___ A. nerves; white matter in the cerebrum B. white matter; cerebellum C. gray matter; brainstem D. gray matter; cerebrum E. neurosomas; hypothalamus
C. gray matter; brainstem
28. A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in teh cerebrospinal fluid. This individual most likely has A. parkinson disease B. alzheimer C. meningitis D. hydrocephalus E. a stroke
C. meningitus
42. A lesion of the ___ would probably cause a person to sleep for random lengths of time during a 24-hour period A. satiety center B. mammillary nuclei c. suprachiasmatic nucleus D. pituitary gland E. medial geniculate nucleus
C. suprachiasmatic nucleus
36. The arbor vitae is a structure found in A. both the right and left cerebral hemispheres B. the tegmentum in the midbrain C. the cerebellum D. the reticular formation E. the diencephalon
C. the cerebellum
49. The hippocampus and amygdala are structures found in A. the medulla oblongata B. the basal nuclei C. teh limbic system D. the midbrain E. the cerebral cortex
C. the limbic system
51. During rapid eye movement (rem) sleep a. muscles relax... B. the muscles are very relaxed and body temp.... C. teh muscles are paralyzed... D. a person falls into light sleep E. a person beginst to relax and feel drowsy
C. the muscles are paralyzed, and body temp, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase
62. This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. A. the accessory nerve (11) B. the facial nerve (7) C. the trigeminal nerve (5) D. the hypoglossal nerve (12) E. the abducens nerve (6)
C. the trigeminal nerve
24. Cerebrospinal fluid serves these purposes except A. to regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue B. to rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue C. to provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue D. to protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted E. to allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight
C. to provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue
True
Cervical and lumbar enlargements are wide points in the cord marking the emergence of motor nerves.
47. The great majority of ___ tracts pass through the corpus callosum A. ascending B. descending C. projection D. commissural E. association
D. commissural
54. Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect A. memory B. awareness of objects c. recognition and identification of objects D. expression of emotional feelings E. cognition
D. expression of emotional feelings
26. The blood brain barrier is most permeable to A. platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells B. sodium, potassium, and chloride C. urea and creatinine D. glucose and oxygen E. antibiotics
D. glucose and oxygen
20. The pons and cerebellum arise from which secondary embryonic vesicle? A. telencephalon B. diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon E. myencephalon
D. metencephalon
52. The ___ association area is responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli, and the ___ association area is responsible for identifying them A. tempora; parietal B. temporal; occipital C. frontal; occipital D. parietal; temporal E. occipital; frontal
D. parietal; temporal
32. Degeneration of neurons in this structure, which inhibits unwanted body movements, leads to the muscle tremors of Parkinson disease A. cerebral crus B. tegmentum C. pons D. substantia nigra E. inferior colliculi
D. substantia nigra
37. There are no cranial nerves associated with A. the thalamus B. the medulla oblongata C. the midbrain D. the cerebellum E. the pons
D. the cerebellum
41. Sex drive, body temp, and food and water intake are regulated by A. the limbic system B. the thalamus C. the pineal gland D. the hypothalamus E. the pituitary gland
D. the hypothalamus
41. sex drive, body temp, and food and water intake are regulated by A. the limbic system B. the thalamus C. the pineal gland D. the hypothalamus E. the pituitary gland
D. the hypothalamus
17. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by A. many sulci B. many gyri C. the brainstem D. the longitudinal fissure E. the corpus callosum
D. the longitudinal fissure
56. The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called ___ neurons A. stellate B. third-order C. first-order D. upper motor E. lower motor
D. upper motor
61. The ___ is not a motor cranial nerve A. trochlear nerve (4) B. abducens nerve (6) C. hypoglossal nerve (12) D. vestibulocochlear nerve (8) E. accessory nerve (11)
D. vestibulocochlear nerve
35. Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the A. limbic system B. pons C. pituitary gland D. medulla oblongata E. cerebellum
E. cerebellum
38. The pons is not associated with A. sensory information from the middle region of the face B. sensory information from the inferior region of the face C. sensory information from the superior region of the face D. lateral eye movements E. neck movements
E. neck movements
Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum? A. answering this question B. diagnosing a patientś disease C. balancing your checkbook D. giving a speech E. painting a picture
E. painting a picture
16. The following are all major components of the brainstem except A. the diencephalon B. the pons C. the medulla oblongata D. the midbrain E. the cerebellum
E. the cerebellum
43. The pineal gland belongs to A. the thalamus b. the hypothalamus c. the occipital lobe D. the midbrain E. the epithalamus
E. the epithalamus
29. The medulla oblongata originates from A. the telencephalon B. the diencephalon C. the mesencephalon D. the metencephalon E. the myelencephalon
E. the myelencephalon
63. This nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities A. the hypoglossal nerve xii B. the accessory nere xi C. the trochlear nerve iv D. the abducens nerve vi E. the vagus nerve x
E. the vagus nerve x
True
Each portion of the spinal cord served by a spinal nerve is called a segment of the cord.
True
Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS.
10. Structures in the midbrain control homeostasis and relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex
False
14. All cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck
False
15. There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste
False
3. Epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
False
4. The blood-brain barrier helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain
False
7. The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain
False cerebrum
13. The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe
False it resides in the occipital lobe
8. The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain
False pre-frontal cortex
5. The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles
False ependymal cells
False
In a myelinated fiber only the initial segment in the trigger zone have voltage-regulated channels.
False
In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia.
False
Most nerves are motor nerves.
True
Most neurons have multiple dendrites
False
Motor signals typically begin in an upper motor neuron in the thalamus.
True
Nerve fibers in a given tract in the white matter are similar in origin, destination, and function.
False
Neurons move material away from the soma by retrograde transport.
True
Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neuromodulator by altering synaptic function.
True
Norepinephrine is a monoamine.
False
Oligodendrocytes serve the same purpose in the CNS that satellite cells do in the PNS
True
Posterior root ganglia contain somas of unipolar neurons
1) ____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. a) Visceral sensory b) Somatic sensory c) Visceral motor d) Somatic motor e) Afferent
c) Visceral motor