A&P II CH 19.5-19.7

Beginning with the extrinsic pathway, place the steps of clot formation in the correct order from beginning to end. a.) The extrinsic pathway of clotting starts with thromboplastin, which is released outside the plasma in damaged tissue. b.)The intrinsic pathway of clotting starts when inactive factor XII, which is in the plasma, is activated by coming in contact with a damaged blood vessel. c.) Activation of the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway results in the production of activated factor X. d.) Activated factor X, factor V, phospholipids, and Ca²⁺ form prothrombinase. e.) Prothrombin is converted to thrombin by prothrombinase. f.) Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by thrombin. g.) Thrombin activates clotting factors, promoting clot formation and stabilizing the fibrin clot.

1. a 2. b 3. c 4.d 5. e 6. f 7. g

Choose the arrangement that lists the chemicals in the order in which they would be used for coagulation. (1) thrombin (2) fibrinogen (3) prothrombinase (4) activated factor X

4,3,1,2

Which of the following is mismatched? 1. Aplastic anemia - bone marrow fails to produce erythrocytes 2. Hemolytic anemia - increased destruction of erythrocytes 3. Iron deficiency anemia - lack of iron absorption for erythropoiesis 4. Hemorrhagic anemia - loss of blood from the body 5. Pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body

5. Pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body

Why would a person have anti-Rh antibodies present in their blood?

An Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

elevated in myeloproliferative;0.5-1%

Basophils

Elevated in allergic reactions;1-4%

Eosinophils

Type O blood

Erythrocytes have neither surface antigen A nor B

1. tissue damage 2. thromboplastin 3. Factor VII

Extrinsic Pathway

is a condition characterized by excessive bleeding because of a reduced ability to form blood clots.

Hemophilia

is caused by a virus that infects lymphocyte

Infectious mononucleosis

1. factor VII 2. innated by palates 3. Factor IX 4. Factor XI 5. Factor XII 6. contact with collagen of damaged vessel

Intrinsic Pathway

A severely dehydrated patient begins to experience the formation of random blood clots due to the concentration of clotting factors in the blood. Which of the following is the most likely clotting activation pathway in this situation?

Intrinsic mechanism of coagulation

is a disease state characterized by excessive WBC production that results in a crowding out of RBCs.

Leukemia

elevated during viral infections; 20-34%

Lymphocytes

elevated in chronic inflammatory disorder;2-8%

Monocytes

Mike has blood type A. He needs blood; however blood type A is not available. The next best choice would be blood type _______

O

Assuming a person has normal blood values, rank the following blood components from highest percentage to lowest percentage.

Plasma, RBCs, WBCs

If fetal blood mixes with the mother's blood, the mother becomes sensitized to the_________

Rh antigen.

Rh incompatibility can pose a major problem in pregnancy when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is____________

Rh-positive.

is inherited, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin protein. It occurs primarily among the descendants of Africans having lived in malarial regions.

Sickle-cell anemia

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?

Type AB

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform

a white blood cell differential count.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when

an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

The mother produces _____________that cross the placenta and cause agglutination and hemolysis of fetal red blood cells. This can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

anti-Rh antibodies

Prevention of HDN is often possible by injecting the mother with a/an __________ preparation against Rh antigen, which will prevent her from being sensitized.

antibody

endothelial cells release ____, which lead to vasoconstriction

endothelin

results from agglutination by anti-Rh antibodies produced by a previously sensitized Rh negative female carrying an Rh positive fetus.

erythroblastosis

Type A blood

erythrocytes have surface antigen A

Type AB blood

erythrocytes have surface antigen A and B

Type b blood

erythrocytes have surface antigen B

A person with type B blood

has anti-A antibodies

Type AB blood

has both A and B antigens on the red cells.

refers to cancer of the bone marrow cells that form WBCs.

leukemia

elevated during bacterial infections; 55-70%

neutrophils

During platelet plug formation,

platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.

An increased amount of heparin in the blood might

slow down the clotting process.

Organize the steps of the common pathway of blood clotting in the correct sequence from beginning to end. a. Thrombin formed b. Fibrinogen converted to fibrin c. Fibrin + activated factor XIII d. Formation of prothrombinase e. Activated factor X f. Fibrin polymer formed

start: 1. Activated factor X 2. Formation of prothrombinase 3. Thrombin formed 4. Fibrinogen converted to fibrin 5. Fibrin + activated factor XIII 6. Fibrin polymer formed end

The hematocrit is

the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.

During platelet plug formation, platelets release _____

thromboxane

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with ________

type O blood