A&P II Lecture Respiratory System

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage. A) thyroid B) cuneiform C) corniculate D) epiglottic

A) thyroid

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage. A) thyroid B) cricoid C) cuneiform D) arytenoid

A) thyroid

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as A) laryngitis. B) laryngospasm. C) acute epiglottitis. D) strep throat.

C) acute epiglottitis.

The vocal folds are located within the A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) larynx. D) trachea.

C) larynx.

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) aeropharynx.

B) oropharynx.

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the A) nasopharynx. B) vestibule. C) internal chamber. D) conchae.

B) vestibule.

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages. A) 1.0 cm; 15-20 B) 1.0 cm; 10-15 C) 2.5 cm; 15-20 D) 2.5 cm; 40-50

C) 2.5 cm; 15-20

The larynx contains ________ cartilages. A) 14 B) 6 C) 9 D) 2

C) 9

________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume. A) Residual inhaled volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Enhanced tidal volume

C) Inspiratory reserve volume

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"? A) P outside = P inside B) P outside > P inside C) P outside < P inside D) P outside + P inside

C) P outside < P inside

A SCUBA diver has been deep underwater and suddenly rises to the surface too fast. Why does the diver get decompression sickness? A) Pressure decreases and carbon dioxide rushes into cells. B) Pressure changes too fast and the carbon dioxide in the blood forms bubbles. C) Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles. D) The gas in the SCUBA tank had too much pressure and rapid ascent forces too much air into the blood.

C) Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles.

While playing in an intramural football game, Joe is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib. He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin and he is having a difficult time breathing. Joe probably is suffering from A) a collapsed trachea. B) an obstruction in the bronchi. C) a pneumothorax. D) decreased surfactant production.

C) a pneumothorax.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as A) solute dissolved in the plasma. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) bicarbonate ions. D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.

C) bicarbonate ions.

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's A) vital capacity. B) inspiratory reserve volume. C) expiratory reserve volume. D) reserve volume.

C) expiratory reserve volume.

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. A) nasopharynx B) trachea C) oropharynx D) larynx

C) oropharynx

What is the function of the structure labeled "8"? A) forces air into the lungs B) causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway C) prevents food from entering the larynx D) acts like a supplementary air pump

C) prevents food from entering the larynx

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium. D) ciliated squamous epithelium.

C) simple squamous epithelium.

The glottis is A) the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate. B) a flap of elastic cartilage. C) the opening to the larynx. D) the opening to the pharynx.

C) the opening to the larynx.

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from A) genetic mutation in cilia production. B) laryngospasm. C) thick secretions that are difficult to transport. D) lack of neural control of respiration.

C) thick secretions that are difficult to transport.

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Tidal volume

D) Tidal volume

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage. A) epiglottis B) cuneiform C) corniculate D) cricoid

D) cricoid

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit, what is the first change to take place in response to the drop in cabin pressure? A) increased hematocrit B) renal hypoxia C) increased alveolar ventilation rate D) decreased alveolar PO2

D) decreased alveolar PO2

The laryngeal cartilage not composed of hyaline cartilage is the A) arytenoid. B) corniculate. C) cricoid. D) epiglottis.

D) epiglottis.

Which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration? A) from the blood into the tissue cells B) from the blood into the lungs C) from the lungs into the atmosphere D) from the tissue cells into the blood

D) from the tissue cells into the blood

Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for A) pH. B) PO2. C) PCO2. D) pH, PO2, and PCO2.

D) pH, PO2, and PCO2.

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately A) 100 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg.

A) 100 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg.

A) 40 mm Hg

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in A) a loss of surfactant. B) an increased rate of gas exchange. C) decreased surface tension in the alveoli. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) a loss of surfactant.

A pulmonary embolism can be caused by ________ becoming trapped in a pulmonary artery. A) blood clots B) masses of fat C) air bubbles D) circulating objects in the blood E) All of the answers are correct.

A) blood clots B) masses of fat C) air bubbles D) circulating objects in the blood

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"? A) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway B) improve warming of incoming air C) create narrow passages D) help olfaction E) All of the answers are correct.

A) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway B) improve warming of incoming air C) create narrow passages D) help olfaction

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs? A) decreases B) increases and possibly damages the lungs C) increases twice the amount of the increase in volume D) remains constant

A) decreases

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) larynx.

B) oropharynx.

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6 is A) greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. B) less than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. C) equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. D) None of the above

A) greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is: A) inversely proportional to volume of its container. B) always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs. C) directly proportional to temperature. D) inversely proportional to temperature.

A) inversely proportional to volume of its container.

Carbonic anhydrase A) is in RBCs. B) is an enzyme. C) can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. D) can decrease the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) is in RBCs. B) is an enzyme. C) can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. D) can decrease the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma.

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because A) large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing. B) large masses of air can pass through the trachea. C) it facilitates turning of the head. D) the bronchi are also C-shaped.

A) large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.

The auditory tubes open into the A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) larynx.

A) nasopharynx.

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as A) pleurisy. B) pulmonary hypertension. C) asthma. D) emphysema.

A) pleurisy.

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium. D) ciliated squamous epithelium.

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is A) respiratory distress syndrome. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonary embolism.

A) respiratory distress syndrome.

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. A) right primary B) left primary C) right secondary D) left secondary

A) right primary

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg.

B) 45 mm Hg.

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"? A) P outside = P inside B) P outside > P inside C) P outside < P inside D) P outside + P inside

B) P outside > P inside

Asthma is A) a collapsed lung. B) an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways. C) an obstructive tumor. D) characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.

B) an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the A) base. B) apex. C) cardiac notch. D) hilus.

B) apex.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is A) dissolved in plasma. B) bound to hemoglobin. C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma. D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.

B) bound to hemoglobin.

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? A) decreased temperature B) decreased pH C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of DPG

B) decreased pH

External respiration involves the A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood. C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid. D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.

B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is A) greater than intraalveolar pressure. B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere. C) less than the pressure in the atmosphere. D) less than intrapulmonic pressure.

B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is A) low pitched and loud. B) high pitched and loud. C) low pitched and soft. D) high pitched and soft.

B) high pitched and loud.