A&P
The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the __________ structure of the protein. -primary -secondary -tertiary -quaternary -denatured
tertiary
Germ cells have __________ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. -23; somatic -23; haploid -23; diploid -46; somatic -46; diploid
23; haploid
One hand of an adult has __________ bones. -15 -18 -25 -27 -28
27
If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine (G) present? -8% -11% -22% -28% -78%
28%
Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has __________ valence electrons.
4
A cell finishing mitosis has __________ DNA molecules, while a cell finishing DNA replication has __________ DNA molecules. -46; 46 -46; 92 -46; 23 -23; 46 -23; 23
46; 92
During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about __________ ATP per second. Multiple Choice 1 3 5 7 9
5
Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle? Multiple Choice A 50-year-old sedentary computer programmer A 22-year-old soccer player A long-term hospice patient A model on a reduced-calorie diet A newborn
A 22-year-old soccer player
Which of the following is true regarding unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS? Multiple Choice A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers . A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers. An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers. Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.
A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .
Which of the following contains overlapping thick and thin filaments? Multiple Choice A band H band I band M line Z discs
A band
What is a sesamoid bone? -A bone growing within some cartilages in response to pressure -A bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress -A bone that forms in the cranium in response to trauma -A bone made of hyaline cartilage -A bone made of dense regular connective tissue
A bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common? -The presence of fibroblasts -Very conspicuous fibers -The presence of collagen -Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency -A calcified matrix
A calcified matrix
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common? -Very conspicuous fibers -The presence of fibroblasts -The presence of collagen -Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency -A calcified matrix
A calcified matrix
Which of the following is the correct definition of the term "electrolyte"? -A chemical that dissolves in water. -A chemical that does not dissolve in water. -A chemical that causes water to completely decompose. -A chemical that dissociates in water, producing a solution that can conduct electricity.
A chemical that dissociates in water, producing a solution that can conduct electricity.
Which of the following would contain the greatest amount of information that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge? -A fact -A law of nature -A hypothesis -An equation -A theory
A theory
Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction? -AB → A + B -A + B → AB -AB + CD → AC + BD -AB → A- + B+ -A + B → AB → C + D
AB + CD → AC + BD
Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelia? -Specialized intercellular junctions -Avascular -Abundant extracellular material -Basement membrane
Abundant extracellular material
Which of the following is the location of the reaction on an enzyme? -Allosteric site -Enzyme-substrate complex -Inhibitory site -Active site
Active site
The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue? -Statified squamous epithelium -Smooth muscle -Nervous tissue -Adipose tissue -Dense irregular connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Which of the following is NOT a category of connective tissue? -Fluid connective tissue -Connective tissue proper -Supporting connective tissue -Aerobic connective tissue
Aerobic connective tissue
Which of the following types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis? -tRNA -rRNA -mRNA -All three types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis.
All three types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis.
How does a neuron transport enzymes produced in the neurosoma to its axon terminals? Multiple Choice Along microtubules By diffusion Via cytoplasmic streaming Through co-transport
Along microtubules
Which of the following does NOT affect the rate of diffusion? -Amount of enzymes -Steepness of the concentration gradient -Size of molecules -Temperature
Amount of enzymes
Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction? -An increase in reactant concentration -An increase in product concentration -A decreased temperature -Enzyme inhibition
An increase in reactant concentration
A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order? -Anagen, telogen, and catagen -Anagen, catagen, and telogen -Catagen, anagen, and telogen -Catagen, telogen, and anagen -Telogen, anagen, and catagen
Anagen, catagen, and telogen
During which phase do the sister chromatids begin to separate and start moving toward opposite poles of the cell? -Anaphase -Prophase -Telophase -Metaphase
Anaphase
What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator? -Fixators -Antagonists -Synergists -Prime movers -Depressors
Antagonists
__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes. -Blood -Areolar tissue -Osseous tissue -Dense irregular connective tissue -Adipose tissue
Areolar tissue
Temperature
Arrector pili muscles contract, causing hairs to become erect and goose bumps to form on the skin.
The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________. -dense regular connective tissue -dense irregular connective tissue -elastic cartilage -fibrocartilage -ligaments
elastic cartilage
During appositional bone growth, concentric layers of new bone that fill in the tunnel form -Osteoblasts -Bone marrow -Blood vessels -Osteons
Osteons
Chemical Stimulation
Oxytocin stimulates the myometrium to contract during child birth.
Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position? -Arms at sides -Standing upright -Face and eyes facing forward -Feet flat on the floor -Palms facing hips
Palms facing hips
Autonomic Nerve Fibers
Parasympathetic nerves secrete acetylcholine, which stimulates gastrointestinal motility.
Which of the following are not considered facial bones? -Parietal bones -Maxillae -Lacrimal bones -Nasal bones -Palatine bones
Parietal bones
Which of the following is a sesamoid bone? -Metatarsal -Tarsal -Tibia -Fibula -Patella
Patella
__________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be __________. -Triglycerides; hydrophobic -Steroids; hydrophilic -Bile acids; fat-soluble -Eicosanoids; water-soluble -Phospholipids; amphiphilic
Phospholipids; amphiphilic
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell? Multiple Choice Plasticity Contractility Conductivity Extensibility Excitability
Plasticity
Which ion has the greatest influence on the resting membrane potential of most neurons? Multiple Choice Potassium Sodium Chloride Calcium
Potassium
Which of the following ions has the greatest influence on the resting membrane potential? Multiple Choice Sodium Chloride Calcium Phosphate Potassium
Potassium
Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle? -G1, S, G2, mitosis -Interphase, mitosis -G1, DNA replication, G2, mitosis -Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis -Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Which molecule listed is most likely to cause osmosis in the body? -Protein -Oxygen -Glucose -Sodium chloride
Protein
What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? -Exocytosis -Active transport -Ciliary action -Protein synthesis -Osmosis
Protein synthesis
Which of the following is not a nucleotide? -RNA -GTP -ATP -cAMP
RNA
Which of the following is the type of transport that LDL (low-density lipoprotein) uses to enter a cell? -Diffusion -Phagocytosis -Receptor-mediated endocytosis -Cotransport
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
_______________ approaches understanding of the human body by studying the interactions of its parts. -Naturalism -Reductionism -Vitalism -Holism -Rationalism
Reductionism
Autorhythmicity
Sarcolemmas of the small intestine spontaneously depolarize, resulting in wavelike patterns of smooth muscle contractions.
Which glial cell is found wrapped around nerve fibers in the PNS? Multiple Choice Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Satellite cells Nodes of Ranvier Ependymal cells
Schwann cells
Which of the following is the most common spinal curvature deformity? -Scoliosis -Lordosis -Kyphosis -Osteosis -Herniation
Scoliosis
An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium? -Simple squamous epithelium -Stratified squamous epithelium -Stratified cuboidal epithelium -Simple columnar epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs? -Smooth muscle -Cardiac muscle -Skeletal muscle -Organ muscle
Smooth muscle
Which of the following is an example of a strong electrolyte? -Sodium chloride -Glucose -Carbonic acid -Water
Sodium chloride
With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires __________ of the shoulder. -rotation -circumduction -extension -flexion -elevation
circumduction
Even though all action potentials are the same, the brain can differentiate a variety of stimuli by source and intensity. The mechanism by which the nervous system converts these action potentials into meaningful information is called neural __________. Multiple Choice recruitment pooling integration facilitation coding
coding
A __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces. -comminuted -greenstick -displaced -non-displaced
comminuted
If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber does NOT relax at all from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be __________. This can only be achieved in the laboratory. Multiple Choice fatigue spasm incomplete tetanus complete tetanus wave summation
complete tetanus
A rounded knob that articulates with another bone is called a(n) __________. -condyle -sulcus -alveolus -foramen -sinus
condyle
The transfer of phosphate from CP to ADP is catalyzed by __________. Multiple Choice myokinase creatinine cAMP creatine kinase ATP
creatine kinase
The study of the structure and function of cells is called ___________. -cytology -gross anatomy -exploratory physiology -comparative physiology -radiology
cytology
The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) __________ reaction. -synthesis -decomposition -exchange -anabolic -reduction
decomposition
Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________. -dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues -plasma; formed elements -elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage -spongy bone; compact (dense) bone -adipose tissue; reticular tissue
dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues
In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to __________. Multiple Choice repolarization of the plasma membrane hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane depolarization of the plasma membrane drifting of plasma membrane voltage toward a more negative value plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential
depolarization of the plasma membrane
The __________ is not found in the elbow. -humeroulnar joint -humeroradial joint -proximal radioulnar joint -distal radioulnar joint -anular ligament
distal radioulnar joint
The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of _________. -simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue -areolar and dense irregular connective tissue -epithelium and lamina propria -areolar tissue and lamina propria -simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue
epithelium and lamina propria
The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the __________. -species DNA -population DNA -gene pool -genetic drift -phenotype
gene pool
Unlike other joints, a __________ does not join two bones to one another. -suture -syndesmosis -gomphosis -cartilaginous joint -bony joint
gomphosis
The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of __________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of __________. -development; differentiation -growth; development -growth; differentiation -differentiation; growth -differentiation; development
growth; differentiation
Chemicals in a solution can move down a concentration gradient. This means the chemical will move from the area of __________ concentration to the area of _________ concentration. -low; high -low; low -high; high -high; low -equal; equal
high; low
The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form __________ joints -pivot -plane (gliding) -hinge -saddle -condylar (ellipsoid)
hinge
We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called __________. -homeostasis -metastasis -responsiveness -adaptation -evolution
homeostasis
The __________ is a U-shaped bone that sits above the larynx yet does not articulate with any other bone. -hyoid bone -mandible -maxilla -zygomatic bone
hyoid bone
Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires __________. -dorsiflexion of the hand -hyperextension of the wrist -abduction of the wrist -flexion of the wrist -hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints
hyperextension of the wrist
Resistance exercise will most likely cause muscle to __________. Multiple Choice myopathy dystrophy apathy atrophy hypertrophy
hypertrophy
The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the _________ regions. -epigastric -inguinal -hypochondriac -hypogastric -lateral abdominal
hypochondriac
The urinary bladder is located in the __________ region. -epigastric -umbilical -hypogastric -inguinal -hypochondriac
hypogastric
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________. -different diets on bone elongation -mechanical stress on bone remodeling -temperature on bone growth -age on bone thickening -sex on bone widening
mechanical stress on bone remodeling
Nucleic acids are __________ of __________. -monomers; monosaccharides -monomers; ATP -polymers; nucleotides -polymers; cAMP -polymers; DNA
polymers; nucleotides
It is common to find __________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone. -lamellae -osteoclasts -lacunae -central canals -osteocytes
central canals
The spinous process has a bifid tip in most __________ vertebrae. cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
cervical
Which of the following articulates with the vertebral column? -Mandibular fossa -Mastoid process -Occipital condyle -Foramen magnum -Zygomatic arch
-Occipital condyle
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding anatomical position? Check all that apply. -The subject's toes are pointing toward the observer. The "left and right" refers to the observer's left and right. -The subject's palms are turned inward facing the subject's hips. -The subject is lying down and facing up. -The subject is facing the observer.
-The subject's toes are pointing toward the observer. -The subject is facing the observer.
Motor End Plate
-junctional folds -acetylcholine recepetors -acetylcholinesterase -sarcolemma -sarcoplasm
The study of the muscular system is known as -kinesiology -pathophysiology -myology -biology -neurology
-myology
Axon Terminal
-synaptic vesicles filled with acetylcholine -voltage-gated Ca channels -Myelin
What is the function of red bone marrow? -Blood cell production -Energy storage -Osteoid production -Long bone growth
Blood cell production
In appositional bone growth, new bone is deposited around a -Small nerve -Blood vessel -Collection of osteoblasts -Central core of existing bone
Blood vessel
Which of the following is not a primary tissue type? -Bone -Muscle -Nervous -Epithelium -Connective
Bone
Which of the following characteristics is common to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? -Both form a myelin sheath around a single axon. -Both can interact with multiple cells. -Both are located in the CNS. -Both provide myelination.
Both provide myelination.
How would the genetic inheritance of a gene producing abnormal gap junctions effect muscle tissue? -All types of muscle tissue would function normally. -All types of muscle tissue would function abnormally. -Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected. -Skeletal muscle would function abnormally. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle would be unaffected.
Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.
Which of the following parts of a neuron receives and processes information? -Axon -Dendrite -Cell body -Synapse
Cell body
_________________ are the simplest body structures considered alive. -Organ systems -Organs -Cells -Organelles -Molecules
Cells
What is the name of the three letter sequences being "read" during translation? -mRNA -Anticodon -Codon -tRNA
Codon
Which of the following is not directly involved in translation? -DNA -mRNA -tRNA -rRNA -Ribosomes
DNA
Which of the following is only found on the axis vertebra? -Transverse foramen -Spinous process -Dens (odontoid process) -Vertebral arch -Superior articular facet
Dens (odontoid process)
Which of the following describes muscular tissue emerging directly from bone rather than being separated from it by an obvious tendon? -Direct attachment -Indirect attachment -Inverted attachment -Aponeurosis
Direct attachment
Place the following events of synaptic transmission at an adrenergic synapse in order: A - ATP is converted to cAMP B - The cell's metabolism is altered C - G protein binds adenylate cylase D - The G protein dissociates E - NE binds the receptor Multiple Choice E, D, C, A, B E, D, A, C, B D, E, C, A, B D, E, A, C, B
E, D, C, A, B
Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway? -Dense irregular connective tissue -Elastic tissue -Dense regular connective tissue -Cartilage
Elastic tissue
Tunnels formed by new bone deposition are lined by -Osteoblasts -Endosteum -Periosteum -Bone marrow
Endosteum
Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial? -Basal lamina -Epidermis -Papillary layer -Reticular layer -Hypodermis
Epidermis
Some people suffer involuntary urination due to incompetence of what muscle? -External urethral sphincter Bulbospongiosus Compressor urethrae Ischiocavernosus Levator an
External urethral sphincter
Which term below best describes the deltoid? -Fusiform Intrinsic Involuntary Extrinsic Parallel
Extrinsic
A gene can be defined as an information-containing segment of RNA that codes for the production of a polypeptide.
False
All ribs articulate with the sternum.
False
Condyles are found in the axial skeleton only.
False
Fibrous joints are joints, at which two bones are united by hyaline cartilage.
False
The mastoid process cannot be palpated on a living person.
False
There are three bones in the pollex.
False
Groups of muscles are separated by which of the following? Multiple Choice Epimysium Fascicles Perimysium Fascia Endomysium
Fascia
Which of the following is not found in the epidermis? -Melanocytes -Fibroblasts -Stem cells -Keratinocytes -Tactile cells
Fibroblasts
_____________ is the process in which ____________ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells. -Filtration; hydrostatic pressure -Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure -Active transport; osmotic pressure -Active transport; hydrostatic pressure -Osmosis; osmotic pressure
Filtration; hydrostatic pressure
Which term refers to a muscle that prevents a bone from moving during an action? Fixator Prime mover Antagonist Agonist
Fixator
__________ provide motility to a sperm cell, __________ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells, and ____________ increase a cell's surface area. -Cilia; microvilli; flagella -Microvilli; cilia; flagella -Microvilli; flagella; cilia -Flagella; microvilli; cilia -Flagella; cilia; microvilli
Flagella; cilia; microvilli
Appositional bone growth is a process that -Reduces the number of osteons -Forms new bone on the surface of older bone -Replaces older bone with new bone -Eliminates blood vessels from bone
Forms new bone on the surface of older bone
__________ are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the __________ they encode. -Enzymes; products -Ribosomes; proteins -Genes; proteins -Proteins; genes -Genes; ribosomes
Genes; proteins
__________ is a monosaccharide, whereas __________ is a polysaccharide. -Fructose; sucrose -Galactose; maltose -Lactose; glycogen -Glucose; starch -Cellulose; glucose
Glucose; starch
Which of the following would be caused by a contraction of smooth muscle? Multiple Choice Goose bumps Blood leaving the left ventricle of the heart Elevating the eyebrows Blinking the eyelids Deep inspiration
Goose bumps
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the obturator nerve? Gracilis Biceps femoris Tibialis anterior Soleus Sartorius
Gracilis
Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common? -Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. -Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. -Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. -Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. -Most connective tissues are highly vascular
Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common? -Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. -Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. -Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. -Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. -Most connective tissues are highly vascular.
Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
A young girl falls off her bike and lands on her hand, breaking the medial bone of her antebrachium. Which bone did she break? -Her carpal -Her metacarpal -Her humerus -Her radius -Her ulna
Her ulna
_____________ is the view that not everything about an organism can be understood or predicted from the knowledge of its components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. -Naturalism -Reductionism -Holism -Materialism -Science
Holism
What is the body's tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment called? -Adaptability -Homeostasis -Static equilibrium -Flexibility -Excitability
Homeostasis
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with which of the following? Multiple Choice Depolarization of the cell membrane Repolarization of the cell membrane Hyperpolarization of the cell membrane No change in the cell membrane potential No change of the threshold
Hyperpolarization of the cell membrane
In an action potential, which event directly follows repolarization? Multiple Choice Threshold is reached Hyperpolarization of the membrane Depolarization of the membrane Hypopolarization of the membrane The resting membrane potential is reinstated
Hyperpolarization of the membrane
In whom are fully developed mammary glands found? -In lactating females -In lactating and non-lactating females -In non-lactating females -In non-lactating females and males
In lactating females
In whom are mammary glands found? -In lactating females -In lactating and non-lactating females -In non-lactating females -In non-lactating females and males
In lactating females
Where are chondrocytes and osteocytes located? -In cartilage -In bone -In muscle -In lacuna
In lacuna
Where does transcription occur? -In the nucleus -On ribosomes -In the cytoplasm -In the Golgi apparatus
In the nucleus
Some antidepressant drugs act by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO). What is the function of this enzyme? Multiple Choice It binds to chloride gates. It breaks down monoamines. It blocks sodium channels. It converts ATP to cyclic AMP. It degrades acetylcholine.
It breaks down monoamines.
In PNS nerve fiber regeneration, how is a growing axon directed to its original destination? Multiple Choice It grows within a regeneration tube. The axonal terminals grow towards the neurosoma until the two severed fragments are reunited. The axon grows a collateral that is directed by growth factors secreted by the postsynaptic neuron. Injured Schwann cells produce a trail of prostaglandins to the original destination.
It grows within a regeneration tube.
Choose the correct statement about myelin. Multiple Choice It is best not to give children under two years of age a low-fat diet because myelin formation requires lipids. It is formed by oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous system and Schwann cells in the central nervous system. It is about 80% protein and 20% lipid. The myelin sheath is segmented and the gaps between the segments are called internodes. Multiple sclerosis results from the abnormal accumulation of a glycolipid called GM2 (ganglioside) in the myelin sheath.
It is best not to give children under two years of age a low-fat diet because myelin formation requires lipids.
Which of the following is not a type of hair? -Lanugo -Vellus -Keratin -Terminal -All of these are types of hair.
Keratin
Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body? -Ceruminous glands -Sebaceous glands -Merocrine glands -Apocrine glands -Exothermic glands
Merocrine glands
Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones? -Catabolism -Anabolism -Metabolism -Oxidation reactions -Reduction reactions
Metabolism
Which of the following is found in the palm of your hand? -Carpal -Metacarpal -Tarsal -Metatarsal -Phalanx
Metacarpal
What are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell's surface area called? -Cilia -Flagella -Microvilli -Microtubules -Glycocalyces
Microvilli
What are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell's surface area called? -Microtubules -Microvilli -Flagella -Glycocalyces -Cilia
Microvilli
What term describes nuclear division? -Interphase -Cytokinesis -Cell cycle -Mitosis
Mitosis
Why does depolarization occur? Multiple Choice More K+ diffuse into the cell than Na+ diffuse out of it. More K+ diffuse out of the cell than Na+ diffuse into it. More Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it. More Na+ diffuse out of the cell than K+ diffuse into it. Both Na+ and K+ diffuse into the cell.
More Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it.
During depolarization, which of the following statements about voltage-gated ion channels is true? Multiple Choice K+ gates open before Na+ gates. Na+ gates open before K+ gates. Na+ and K+ gates open at the same time. K+ gates open while Na+ gates remain closed.
Na+ gates open before K+ gates.
During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true? Multiple Choice If a neuron reaches threshold, the action potential goes to completion. The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold. The signal grows weaker with distance. It is possible to trigger a new action potential, but only with an unusually strong stimulus. No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
Which of the following articulates with the vertebral column? Multiple Choice Mandibular fossa Mastoid process Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Zygomatic arch
Occipital condyle
Which cells form myelin in the spinal cord? Multiple Choice Schwann cells Astrocytes Satellite cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
At the completion of DNA replication, how much of each new DNA molecule is conserved? -None, DNA replication make two completely new DNA molecules. -One-fourth of each DNA molecule is conserved. -One-half of each DNA molecule is conserved. -Three-fourths of each DNA molecule is conserved.
One-half of each DNA molecule is conserved.
New bone is deposited by cells known as -Osteoblasts -Tunnel cells -Periosteum -Endosteum
Osteoblasts
Which of the following sutures connects the greatest number of bones? -Sagittal suture -Squamous suture -Lambdoid suture -Coronal suture -
Squamous suture
Which of the following correctly states the proximal and distal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid? -Sternal manubrium and lateral one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line -Sternal manubrium and medial half of clavicle; mastoid process and medial one-third of superior nuchal line -Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line -Sternal manubrium and lateral half of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral one-third of superior nuchal line -Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line; sternal manubrium, medial one-third of clavicle
Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the hyperextension phase of the injury? Trapezius Splenius capitis Sternocleidomastoid Semispinalis capitis Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton? -Storage of calcium and phosphate ions -Storage of red blood cells -Providing support for most muscles -Protecting the brain -Protecting the spinal cord
Storage of red blood cells
What type of tissue is found in the most superficial layer of skin? -Simple squamous epithelium -Stratified squamous epithelium -Dense irregular connective tissue -Areolar connective tissue -Dense regular connective tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer? -Stratum corneum and stratum lucidum -Stratum basale and stratum corneum -Stratum spinosum and stratum basale -Stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum -Stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum and stratum basale
Which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity? -Walking -Running -Swimming -Jumping rope
Swimming
What happens as a result of ion flow at a presynaptic terminal? Multiple Choice Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is passively transported from the presynaptic neuron. Acetylcholine is actively transported to the postsynaptic neuron. Ligand-gated sodium channels open. Sodium ions diffuse into the cell.
Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine.
Which of these does not contribute to the cessation of the signal in a synaptic transmission? Multiple Choice Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis. Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid. Neurotransmitters are no longer released. The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis. Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.
Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.
Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and SITS muscles during shoulder abduction? Multiple Choice Prime movers Antagonists Synergists Fixators Adductors
Synergists
Which structure attaches a muscle to bone and helps stabilize a synovial joint? -Tendon -Ligament -Joint capsule
Tendon
__________ synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at __________. -Smooth ER; rough ER -The Golgi complex; rough ER -Smooth ER; the Golgi complex -The Golgi complex; smooth ER -Ribosomes; smooth ER
The Golgi complex; rough ER
Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition? -The first few crystals that form attract more calcium and phosphate. -Osteoblasts neutralize inhibitors that prevent bone resorption. -Osteoclasts secrete acid phosphatase that digests collagen. -Collagen is digested by enzymes and hydroxyapatite by hydrochloric acid. -Solubility product is reached in the tissue fluids.
The first few crystals that form attract more calcium and phosphate.
Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)? Multiple Choice The intracellular environment is negatively charged. The intracellular environment has more positively charged sodium. The extracellular environment is negatively charged. It has a voltage of about +75 mV. It is dependent upon the absorption of potassium ions by the muscle fiber.
The intracellular environment is negatively charged.
What is the most important mechanism for transmitting qualitative information? Multiple Choice Summation The labeled line code Facilitation Inhibition
The labeled line code
What are the three auditory ossicles? -The malleus, incus, and stapes -The superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae -The hyoid, mandible, and maxilla -The temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
The malleus, incus, and stapes
In order to regenerate, a peripheral nerve fiber must have which of the following? Multiple Choice All dendrites intact At least half the length of the fiber intact At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact At least part of the neurosoma intact
The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact
Stretch
The presence of food distends the stomach wall, resulting in contraction of the smooth muscle.
Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can get? -A cell's lifespan -Nutrients available in the environment of a cell -The relationship between its volume and length -The relationship between its length and surface area -The relationship between its volume and surface area
The relationship between its volume and surface area
Which of the following is not part of the pectoral girdle? -The glenohumeral joint -The acromioclavicular joint -The sternoclavicular joint -The sacroiliac joint -The clavicle and scapula
The sacroiliac joint
Cells undergo division when which of the following conditions have been met? -They have grown large enough and replicated their DNA -They are still growing and have ample nutrients -They are stimulated by growth factors and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them -They have grown large enough and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them
They have grown large enough and replicated their DNA
After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired? Hip flexors Thigh abductors Hip extensors Lateral rotators Thigh adductors
Thigh adductors
In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine? -Thymine -Guanine -Uracil -Cytosine
Thymine
Which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis? Multiple Choice To increase the number of acetylcholine receptors To decrease the number of synaptic vesicles To promote multiple motor unit summation To inhibit Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum To inhibit the function of cholinesterase
To inhibit the function of cholinesterase
The ischium is posterior to the pubis and inferior to the ilium.
True
The styloid process of the radius can be palpated proximal to the thumb.
True
Trochanters are unique to the femur.
True
Indicate the summative effect that brings the initial segment closest to threshold. One IPSP and one EPSP in proximity to each other Two IPSPs in proximity to each other Two EPSPs located a large distance apart Two EPSPs in proximity to each other Two IPSPs located a large distance apart
Two EPSPs in proximity to each other
Which of the following is not found on a typical vertebra? -Spinous process -Transverse processes -Vertebral head -Vertebral foramen -Vertebral body
Vertebral head
What is another name for the autonomic nervous system? Multiple Choice Visceral sensory division Somatic sensory division Visceral motor division Somatic motor division Central nervous system
Visceral motor division
An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal causes what to occur? Multiple Choice Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, and sodium ions diffuse into the cell. Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, and sodium ions diffuse out of the cell. Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, and calcium ions diffuse into the cell. Acetylcholine diffuses into the cell. Ligand-gated sodium channels open, and sodium ions diffuse out of the cell.
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, and calcium ions diffuse into the cell.
A mutation is __________. -a change in size or shape of a cell -a beneficial change in DNA structure -a harmful change in DNA structure -a neutral change in DNA structure -a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are each lined with ___________. -an endothelium -the pericardium -the meninges -a serous membrane -a mucous membrane
a serous membrane
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is __________. Multiple Choice dopamine adrenaline acetylcholine histamine serotonin
acetylcholine
-An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________. -active site -receptor -secondary structure -terminal amino acid -alpha chain
active site
An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________. -active site -receptor -secondary structure -terminal amino acid -alpha chain
active site
Some __________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas __________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system. Multiple Choice efferent; afferent afferent; efferent motor; sensory efferent; inter- afferent; inter-
afferent; efferent
Metabolism is the sum of __________ and __________. -inhalation; exhalation -growth; differentiation -anabolism; catabolism -positive; negative feedback -responsiveness; movement
anabolism; catabolism
The __________ does not belong to the femur. -anterior border -fovea capitis -medial condyle -greater trochanter -lesser trochanter
anterior border
In a herniated disc, the ring of fibrocartilage called the __________ ruptures and the __________ oozes out. -nucleus pulposus; anulus fibrosus -lamina; nucleus pulposus -anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus -anulus fibrosus; body -nucleus pulposus; lamina
anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus
Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum __________. -spinosum -germinativum -corneum -basale -lucidum
basale
Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ is important to the deposition of bone. -growth hormone -testosterone -estrogen -calcitonin -calcitriol
calcitriol
Muscle contractions are initiated by the binding of __________ to __________. Multiple Choice potassium ions; troponin potassium ions; tropomyosin calcium ions; troponin calcium ions; tropomyosin calcium ions; troponin and tropomyosin
calcium ions; troponin
In general, __________ have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. -enzymes -proteins -lipids -carbohydrates -nucleic acids
carbohydrates
The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________. -epithelium; connective tissue -epithelium; extracellular material -epithelium; intracellular material -extracellular material; intracellular material -interstitial fluid; extracellular fluid
epithelium; connective tissue
Which of the following ovarian hormones is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary? -Progesterone -Luteinizing hormone -Gonadotropin releasing hormone -Estrogen -Gonadotropin
estrogen
A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.
false
A molecule that is oxidized gains electrons and energy.
false
ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.
false
Adipose connective tissue is a type of dense connective tissue.
false
All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body.
false
Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP.
false
Connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another.
false
DNA replication occurs during the G2 phase.
false
Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.
false
Dominant alleles are always more common in the gene pool than recessive alleles.
false
Epithelia are strong membranes that function to bind the body together.
false
Hair and nails are composed of collagen.
false
In response to an action potential entering the neuron, calcium ions diffuse from the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm.
false
Individual EPSPs and IPSPs determine whether or not a neuron fires, and the rate of firing, by stimulating or inhibiting the production of more action potentials.
false
Intercellular junctions important in sealing the space between the cells and filling the "gaps" are called gap junctions.
false
Microvilli and cilia differ in their function, but have the same internal structure.
false
Naked DNA is called chromatin.
false
Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
false
Red bone marrow is important in the production of new bone cells.
false
Schwann cells are glial cells of the central nervous system.
false
The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes, but not lysosomes.
false
The heart occupies a space called the pericardial cavity between the parietal and visceral pericardium.
false
The liver is proximal to the diaphragm.
false
The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia.
false
The second messenger cAMP is made from ADP.
false
The synthesis of messenger RNA is called translation.
false
When a neuron is stimulated, Na+ gates open and allow Na+ to exit the cell.
false
The acetabulum articulates with the __________. -humerus -femur -patella -tibia -hip bone
femur
The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________. -necrosis -apoptosis -gangrene -regeneration -fibrosis
fibrosis
The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue. -connective -fibrous -nervous -epithelial -muscular
fibrous
Which of the following is not considered a weight-bearing bone? The femur The tibia The fibula The talus The Calcaneus
fibula
Raising your hand and placing it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you, requires __________ of the shoulder. -abduction -adduction -extension -flexion -elevation
flexion
Most people think that ulcers are caused by psychological stress. It was discovered that an acid-resistant bacterium, Heliobacter pylori, lives in the lining of the stomach. If these bacteria cause ulcers, then treatment with an antibiotic should reduce ulcers. This line of investigation is an example of __________. -hypothetical reasoning -hypothetico-deductive reasoning -the inductive method -experimental design -statistical analysis
hypothetico-deductive reasoning
The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the ________ at its inferior margin. linea alba rectus sheath linea semilunaris medial retinaculum inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
1. When voltage-gated sodium channels are open, sodium flows _____________ the neuron making the inside of the cell more _______________. out of; positive into; positive out of; negative into; negative
into; positive
An __________ muscle is contained within a region whereas an __________ muscle acts upon one region but has an attachment elsewhere. intrinsic; extrinsic extrinsic; intrinsic innate; extraneous extraneous; innate
intrinsic; extrinsic
Spines of the __________ form a part of the pelvic outlet. -sacrum -pubis -ischium -ilium -pubic symphysis
ischium
2. Graded potentials result from the opening of ________________. voltage-gated channels leakage channels ATP pumps ligand-gated channels
ligand-gated channels
ATP__________ endergonic and exergonic reactions. -opposes -decomposes -reduces -links -dehydrates
links
80% of the lactate produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvate by the __________. Multiple Choice kidneys liver muscle tissue sarcoplasmic reticulum neuromuscular junction
liver
The ________ attaches to the zygomatic arch and also to the angle of the mandible. Multiple Choice masseter buccinator temporalis genioglossus stylohyoid
masseter
You cannot palpate the __________ on a living person. -lateral malleolus -tibial tuberosity -medial surface of the fibula -anterior border of the tibia -calcaneus
medial surface of the fibula
The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is __________. -basal cell carcinoma -squamous cell carcinoma -melanoma -skin lymphoma -skin sarcoma
melanoma
The continuation of the peritoneum that binds the small intestine and suspends it from the abdominal wall is called the __________. -greater omentum -mesentery -mesocolon -lesser omentum -mediastinum
mesentery
What is the product of the reactions of transcription? -transfer RNA -DNA -messenger RNA -ribosomal RNA
messenger RNA
The __________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage. -metaphysis -primary ossification center -secondary ossification center -osteoid tissue -epiphyseal line
metaphysis
The plasma membrane of cells lining the small intestine has __________, which are specialized for absorption of nutrients. -flagella -cilia -microvilli -a glycocalyx -dynein arms
microvilli
A __________ is an elevated patch of melanized skin -hemangioma -mole -freckle -flexion line -friction ridge
mole
A __________ is an elevated patch of melanized skin. -hemangioma -mole -freckle -flexion line -friction ridge
mole
Mitosis in the __________ accounts for growth of the nail. -nail plate -nail fold -eponychium -hyponychium -nail matrix
nail matrix
During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of __________. -negative feedback -positive feedback -dynamic equilibrium -integration control -set point adjustment
negative feedback
A traveling wave of excitation is known as a(n) __________. Multiple Choice local potential graded potential action potential nerve signal depolarizing signal
nerve signal
A __________ is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called __________ with DNA wound around them. -nucleosome; centrosomes -nucleosome; histones -chromosome; histones -chromosome; centromeres -centromere; chromatin
nucleosome; histones
Cellular membranes are permeable to _________, but impermeable to ___________. -nutrients; wastes -proteins; nutrients -phosphates; wastes -nutrients; proteins -wastes; nutrients
nutrients; proteins
The number of electrons in the valence shell determine what types of bonds an atom can form.
true
An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell. -organ system; organs -organ system; organelles -organ; organelles -organ; molecules -organelle; molecules
organ; organelles
Nerves are __________ of the nervous system. Multiple Choice organs tissues organ systems organelles cells
organs
Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________. -osmosis; water pumps -osmosis; aquaporins -osmosis; uniport -filtration; aquaporins -filtration; water pumps
osmosis; aquaporins
Bone-forming cells are called __________. -osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells -osteoblasts -osteoclasts -osteocytes -osteons
osteoblasts
During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by ___________. -osteoclasts -osteoblasts -osteocytes -fibroblasts -chondrocytes
osteoblasts
The most common bone disease is __________. -osteomyelitis -osteoporosis -osteosarcoma -osteomalacia -rickets
osteoporosis
A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) __________ reaction -reduction -condensation -hydrolysis -anabolic -oxidation
oxidation
The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the __________, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by the __________. -mesothelium; endothelium -parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium -visceral pleura; parietal pleura -parietal pleura; visceral pleura -visceral peritoneum; parietal peritoneum
parietal pleura; visceral pleura
A newborn passes through the__________ of its mother during birth. -obturator foramen -pelvic inlet -pelvic outlet -acetabulum -false pelvis
pelvic outlet
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the __________. -epiphysis; diaphysis -diaphysis; epiphysis -compact bone; spongy bone -periosteum; endosteum -endosteum; periosteum
periosteum; endosteum
Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called __________. -peripheral proteins -channel proteins -glycoproteins -integral proteins -transmembrane proteins
peripheral proteins
A hemoglobin level of 12g/dL is normal for an adult female, but low for an adult male. This is an example of _____. -cellular adaptation -holistic medicine -physiological variation -anatomical variation
physiological variation
The proximal radioulnar joint is a __________ joint. -ball-and-socket -saddle -hinge -pivot -condylar
pivot
What type of bonding involves the unequal sharing of electrons?
polar covalent bonding
Proteins are __________ built from __________ different amino acids. -monomers; 10 -molecules; 10 -polymers; 20 -macromolecules; 40 -peptides:25
polymers; 20
The __________ is not part of the tibiofemoral joint. -lateral meniscus -anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) -tibial (medial) collateral ligament -fibular (lateral) collateral ligament -posterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called __________ modifications. -splicing -posttranscriptional -posttranslational -polyribosomal -secretory
posttranslational
The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to __________. Multiple Choice calcium potassium sodium lithium magnesium
potassium
Which of the following hormones is released by the corpus luteum after ovulation and causes a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary? -Progesterone -Luteinizing hormone -Gonadotropin releasing hormone -Estrogen -Gonadotropin
progesterone
What is the name of the positively charged subatomic particle?
proton
ATP is consumed when __________ transfer solutes from one side of the membrane to the other. -receptors -pumps -cell-adhesion molecules -channels -cell-identity markers
pumps
The antebrachium contains the __________. -radius and ulna -humerus -carpals and metacarpals -scapula and clavicle -phalanges
radius and ulna
1. Graded potentials are produced within the _______________________ segment of a neuron. transmissive receptive initial conductive
receptive
Taking apart a clock to see how it works is similar to ____________ thinking about human physiology. -comparative -evolutionary -holistic -inductive -reductionist
reductionist
The following information best describes the _____________ phase of an action potential. • A membrane potential reading of +10 mV • Inactivated voltage-gated sodium channels • Open voltage-gated potassium channels repolarization resting depolarization hyperpolarization
repolarization
The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called __________ in children and __________ in adults. -osteomalacia; rickets -rickets; osteomalacia -osteoporosis; osteomalacia -osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma -osteomyelitis; osteomalacia
rickets; osteomalacia
The joint between the left and right parietal bones is called the __________. -lambdoid suture -sagittal suture -coronal suture -parietal joint -cranial joint
sagittal suture
All the bones below belong to the axial skeleton, except the __________, which belongs to the appendicular skeleton. -frontal bone -mandible -scapula -thoracic vertebra -stapes
scapula
The acromion is an anatomical feature of the __________. -clavicle -scapula -ulna -scaphoid -pollex
scapula
The glenoid cavity of the __________ articulates with the head of the __________. -scapula; sternum -radius; humerus -humerus; scapula -sternum; humerus -scapula; humerus
scapula; humerus
All of the following are found on the temporal bone except the -zygomatic process -mastoid process -external acoustic meatus -sella turcica -mandibular fossa
sella turcica
Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________. -smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract -skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract -cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract -striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other -skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract
smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract
All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called __________, usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. -germ cells; haploid (n) -germ cells; diploid (2n) -somatic cells; haploid (n) -somatic cells; diploid (2n)
somatic cells; diploid (2n)
Fontanelle are __________ in an infant. -spaces between the unfused cranial bones -cartilages covering cranial bones -fibrous connective tissues lining the cranial cavity -fibrous connective tissues lining the orbits -fibrous connective tissues lining paranasal sinuses
spaces between the unfused cranial bones
Spicules and trabeculae are found in _________ -compact bone -bone matrix -yellow bone marrow -red bone marrow -spongy bone
spongy bone
Spicules and trabeculae are found in __________. -compact bone -bone matrix -yellow bone marrow -red bone marrow -spongy bone
spongy bone
The __________ belongs to the thoracic cage, whereas the __________ belongs to the pectoral girdle. -sternum; clavicle -clavicle; sternum -vertebra T5; vertebra T1 -scapula; clavicle -scapula; sternum
sternum; clavicle
Proteins perform all of the following functions except __________. -catalyze metabolic reactions -give structural strength to cells and tissues -produce muscular and other forms of movement -regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells -store hereditary information
store hereditary information
The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the __________. -stratum basale -stratum spinosum -stratum granulosum -stratum lucidum -stratum corneum
stratum basale
Skeletal muscle is described as __________. -striated and voluntary -striated and involuntary -nonstriated and voluntary -nonstriated and involuntary -fibrous and containing ground substance
striated and voluntary
The right shoulder is __________ and __________ to the umbilical region. -superior; lateral -superior; medial -inferior; lateral -inferior; medial -posterior; lateral
superior; lateral
The joint between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is a __________. -synostosis -gomphosis -synchondrosis -symphysis -syndesmosis
symphysis
Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. The carrier protein is a(n) __________ and the process is called ____________. -symport; cotransport -symport; countertransport -antiport; countertransport -antiport; cotransport -uniport; facilitated diffusion
symport; cotransport
o stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ___________ into the synaptic cleft. Multiple Choice synaptic vesicles junctional folds sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcolemma terminal cisterns
synaptic vesicles
The joint between the diaphyses of the radius and ulna is a __________. -suture -gomphosis -syndesmosis -synchondrosis -symphysis
syndesmosis
The least movable joints are _____________ joints. -symphysis -synchondrosis -syndesmosis -gomphosis -synostosis
synostosis
The temporomandibular joint is a(n) __________ joint. -osseous -cartilaginous -bony -fibrous -synovial
synovial
The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in __________. -electrolytes ionized in water -free radicals with an odd number of electrons -radioisotopes -the chemical bonds of organic molecules -Van der Waals forces
the chemical bonds of organic molecules
The talocrural joint is formed by the union of the __________, the _________, and the _________. -femur; calcaneus; talus -femur; tibia; patella -tibia; fibula; talus -tibia; fibula; calcaneus -tibia; calcaneus; talus
tibia; fibula; talus
A(n) _____________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function. -macromolecule -organ system -organelle -organism -tissue
tissue
During contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to the __________. Multiple Choice actin myofilament troponin molecule tropomyosin molecule sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcolemma
troponin molecule
A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion.
true
A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses a change, and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.
true
A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction.
true
Cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds between one another.
true
DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis.
true
Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS.
true
Estrogen has a positive-feedback effect on GnRH and LH.
true
Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch.
true
Fast retrograde transport returns used synaptic vesicles and other materials to the soma and informs the soma of conditions at the axon terminals.
true
Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.
true
Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.
true
In the PNS, unmyelinated fibers are enveloped in Schwann cells.
true
Injury to the deep fibular nerve would cause inability to extend ones toes.
true
Memories are formed by neural pathways of modified synapses.
true
Neurons are a major type of cell found in nervous tissue.
true
Norepinephrine is a monoamine.
true
One function of muscle tissue is to provide heat production.
true
Perimysium covers a muscle fascicle.
true
Progesterone has a negative-feedback effect on GnRH and LH.
true
The physical basis of memory is a pathway through the brain called a memory trace, in which new synapses have formed or existing synapses have been modified to make transmission easier.
true
The point where separation of the DNA occurs is called the replication fork.
true
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
true
The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D.
true
The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium out of the cell three ions at a time and returns potassium ions into the cell two ions at a tim
true
There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid.
true
Unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the neurosoma.
true
The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________. -up; active transport -up; facilitated transport -up; cotransport -down; active transport -down; countertransport
up; active transport
The spine encloses the __________. -thoracic cavity -abdominal cavity -pelvic cavity -vertebral canal -cranial cavity
vertebral canal
