A&P Lab Quiz- Nervous System

What are the three layers of the meninges? How do they differ in gross appearance?

Dura mater- thickest, outermost layer, Arachnoid- cerebral fluid-filled space between Dura mater and Pia mater, Pia mater- thinnest, innermost layer

What nerve controls most facial muscles and relays sensations from taste buds on the tongue?

Facial nerve (VII)

The _____ nerve is found on the medial surface of the thigh running with the femoral artery and vein.

Femoral

Which nerve is found on the medial surface of the thigh, running w/ femoral artery & vein and supplies motor function to the muscles of the thigh and carries sensory impulses from the skin of the hip, thigh, leg and knee?

Femoral nerve

What matter (white or gray) contains most of the neuron cell bodies and is where many nerve impulses are initiated? (un-myelinated)

Gray matter

The little folds or "hills" on the surface of the cerebrum.

Gyri

What are the hills/ridges on the surface of the cerebrum called?

Gyrus

What structures make up the Peripheral Nervous System?

Nerves outside the central nervous system

What is the name for a cell of the nervous system that are structurally composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon? They conduct and imitate nerve impulses.

Neuron

What is a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain? On lateral thigh beneath biceps femurs muscle.

Spinal cord

What are the nerve of the peripheral nervous system that originate from the spinal cord?

Spinal nerves

The little grooves or "valleys" on the surface of the cerebrum.

Sulci

What are the shallow depressions in the surface of the cerebrum called?

Sulcus

What part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for regulating sensory impulses to the cerebrum?

Thalamus

What is the name for myelinated axons in the CNS?

White matter

The most caudal nerve of the three main nerves branching off the brachial plexus is the _____ nerve.

radial

The nerve that lies just beneath (deep to) the biceps femoris muscle is the _____ nerve.

sciatic

What three main structures make up the diencephalon?

thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary

What serves as a nervous system passageway between the primitive brainstem and cerebrum (composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary)

Diencephalon

What part of the "butterfly" of the spinal cord carries sensory impulses to the brain?

Dorsal horn of spinal cord

The outermost layer of the meninges is the _____ _____.

Dura mater

What part of the meninges is the outermost, thickest, and toughest layer?

Dura mater

What is the difference between sensory and motor nerve fibers?

Sensory nerve fibers carry impulses towards the brain, motor nerve fibers carry impulses towards the muscles of the body (away from the brain).

What are nerves that carry afferent impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system?

Sensory nerves

What is the difference between a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve?

A cranial nerve originates directly from the brain and a spinal nerve originates directly from the spinal cord.

What is the delicate, weblike layer of the meninges between the dura mater and the pia mater?

Arachnoid

What is composed of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain and involved in autonomic control functions related to the heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting?

Brainstem

What is the second largest component of the brain and allows the body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes?

Cerebellum

The part of the brain associated with intelligence and learning ability is the _____.

Cerebrum

What portion of the brain is responsible for "higher-order" behaviors (learning, intelligence, awareness)?

Cerebrum

What are the 4 divisions of the brain?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

The _____ is a structure made up of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres.

Corpus callosum

What is made up of white fibers that connect and provide communication pathways between the two cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

What is the name for the set of 12 pairs of nerves originating directly from the brain? (may be sensory, motor, or mixed)

Cranial nerves

What functions as an important bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Hypothalamus

The _____ separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres.

Longitudinal fissure

What nerve is the middle of the 3 branches of the brachial plexus and runs to the elbow and forearm regions?

Median nerve

The caudal part of the brainstem that becomes the spinal cord is the _____.

Medulla Oblongata

What is the name for the three layers of connective tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

Meninges

What is the name for a nerve that is made up of both sensory and motor nerve fibers?

Mixed nerve

What type of nerve carries efferent impulses to muscles?

Motor nerve

The radial nerve is part of the _____ (CNS, PNS).

PNS

The innermost layer of the meninges is the ____ _____.

Pia mater

What is the innermost layer of the meninges?

Pia mater

What nerve supplies motor impulses to muscles of elbow, carpus and digits and carries sensory impulses to brain from dorsal and lateral forearm and dorsal area of paw?

Radial nerve

What nerve carries motor impulses to the flexor muscles of the stifle joint and digits and to flexor muscles of hock?

Sciatic nerve

Which nerve must be avoided when giving an intramuscular injection in the thigh area of the hind leg, why?

Sciatic nerve; because it could be injured by improper muscular injections

The _____ nerve can be found next to the carotid artery in the neck.

Vagus

What nerve is the longest nerve in the body? Supplies motor impulses to pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, heart, esophagus & rest of digestive tract, brings sensory impulses from ear, tongue, pharynx, & larynx back to brain.

Vagus nerve (X)

What part of the spinal cord carries motor impulses out to the rest of the body?

Ventral horn of spinal cord

What structures make up the CNS?

brain and spinal cord

What section of the brain controls the most primitive functions in the body? What are two of the subconscious functions?

brainstem; breathing, cardiac function, digestive function

What section of the brain coordinates movements and helps an animal maintain balance and an upright posture?

cerebellum

The cortex of the cerebellum is made up of (gray, white) matter,

gray

The medulla of the spinal cord is made up of (gray, white) matter.

gray

What three main structures make up the brainstem?

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Motor nerve fibers carry impulses (toward, away from) the muscles of the body.

toward

Sensory nerve fibers carry impulses (toward, away) from the brain.

toward

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

ulnar nerve

The ____ nerve is a cranial nerve and is the longest nerve in the body.

vagus