A&P Lecture LS Ch27: Nutrition and Metabolism

Match each stage of cellular respiration with its description Terms Glycolysis, Intermediate Stage, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport System Description 1) Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates 2) Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA 3) Acetyl Coa binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid 4) Energy in NADH and FADH2 is used to make ATP

1) Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates (Glycolysis) 2) Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA (Intermediate Stage) 3) Acetyl Coa binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid (Citric Acid Cycle) 4) Energy in NADH and FADH2 is used to make ATP (Electron Transport System)

If you have breakfast at 7 AM, your body is in the ______ state until 11 AM. absorptive pre-absorptive postabsorptive quasi-absorptive

Absorptive

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the ________ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity.

Basal

If you don't eat for 12 hours then rest comfortably at room temperature, the amount of energy your body is using is your ______. static metabolic rate basal metabolic rate active metabolic rate total metabolic rate

Basal metabolic rate

Match each mineral with its function(s) in the human body. (Fe, Ca, I, Zn) Binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS Blood clotting and bone formation Integral part of thyroid hormone Protein synthesis wound healing

Binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS (Fe) Blood clotting and bone formation (Ca) Integral part of thyroid hormone (I) Protein synthesis wound healing (Zn)

The most important factor affecting a person's basal metabolic rate is their ______. stress level age gender body surface area

Body surface area

Nutrients provide energy to the body in the form of a ___________

Calorie

Poultry is an example of ______ protein. a complete an incomplete

Complete

The temperature of your head and torso is your ________ body temperature.

Core

In which stage of cellular respiration is the energy carried by FADH2 and NADH converted into ATP? glycolysis intermediate stage electron transport system citric acid cycle

Electron transport system

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of ______ to keep the body functioning. pressure needed calories consumed energy expended

Energy expended

True or false: Cholesterol is found primarily in plant-based products. True False

False

True or false: Our body can synthesize most of the needed vitamins and minerals. True False

False

Which is a category of vitamins? Integral and peripheral Essential and Trace Fat-soluble and water-soluble Hypertonic and hypotonic

Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Cellulose is a type of ______. sugar fiber protein

Fiber

A person's BMR is influenced by which of the following? (Select all that apply) race gender education body surface area age wealth

Gender Body surface area Age

Place the events of cellular respiration in order Citric acid cycle Electron transport system Intermediate stage Glycolysis

Glycolysis Intermediate stage Citric acid cycle Electron transport system

Your core body temperature is the temperature of which body parts? (Select all that apply) feet arms head hands legs torso

Head and Torso

A person's basal metabolic rate is ______ at age 30 than at age 50. lower higher

Higher

Total metabolic rate is ______ than basal metabolic rate.

Higher

The "thermostat" of our body that regulates our body temperature is the ______. pituitary gland hypothalamus pons pineal gland

Hypothalamus

An increase in thyroid hormone levels will cause a(n) ______ in body temperature. increase decrease

Increase

Minerals are ______ ions. unstable negatively charged organic inorganic

Inorganic

The ability to change one type of nutrient biomolecule into another is known as ________

Interconversion

If someone is on a high protein, low carb diet (such as the Atkins diet), how does their body ensure enough glucose still gets to the brain? oxidative phosphorylation interconversion of protein to glucose deamination of amino acids beta oxidation of fatty acids

Interconversion of protein to glucose

What mineral binds oxygen in red blood cells and binds electrons in the electron transport chain? iodine magnesium calcium iron

Iron (Fe)

______ delivers cholesterol from the liver to the cells where they are engulfed via receptor-mediated endocytosis. LDLs HDLs VLDLs

LDLs

If you consume more cholesterol in your diet, your liver will respond by synthesizing ______ cholesterol. the same amount of more less

Less

Drug detoxification is a function of the ______. kidney liver skin spleen

Liver

What is the largest internal organ that has several hundred functions including bile production and serving as a glucose "bank"? liver stomach pancreas

Liver

Which organ is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins plus plays a central role in the transport of lipids throughout the body? pancreas spleen liver brain

Liver

Which blood cholesterol levels would indicate an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease? (Select all that apply) low HDLs high total cholesterol low total cholesterol high LDLs low LDLs high HDLs

Low HDLs High total cholesterol High LDLs

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) have ______ cholesterol levels than low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). higher lower

Lower

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat ______. milk meat eggs cheese

Meat

The ________ rate is a measure of how much energy is used by the body in a given amount of time.

Metabolic

Vitamins and minerals are examples of ______. micronutrients macronutrients

Micronutrients

Iron and calcium are examples of ______. amino acids vitamins carbohydrates minerals

Minerals

Carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are examples of ______ enzymes nutrients micronutrients

Nutrients

The digestive system absorbs biomolecules, vitamins, and minerals, which are collectively referred to as ________

Nutrients

The study of how living organisms obtain the nutrients required in order to survive is called __________

Nutrition

Vitamins are ______. inorganic organic

Organic

Carbohydrates that are made of long chains of simple sugars are called

Polysaccharides

Because lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in blood, they must be transported throughout the body bound to a(n) ______. globin ion carbohydrate protein

Protein

Meat, dairy products, poultry, fish, beans, and nuts are all good sources of what nutrient? vitamins carbohydrates lipids protein

Protein

Core body temperature ______. remains stable tends to fluctuate

Remains stable

Which hormones can influence body temperature? (Select all that apply) thyroid hormone oxytocin epinephrine growth hormone melatonin aldosterone

Thyroid hormone Epinephrine Growth hormone

The ______ metabolic rate is the amount of energy used by the body including that needed for physical activity. total exercise kinetic basal

Total

Our body requires only small amounts of what type of mineral? trace nonessential complete major

Trace

True or false: All minerals are obtained from the diet. True False

True

If our body starts to get too warm, our hypothalamus stimulates the sweat glands and ______. decreases respiratory rate decreases heart rate vasodilation vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

Differentiate a vegetarian from a lacto-ovo vegetarian

Vegetarian: Does not eat meat Lacto-ovo Vegetarian: Does not eat flesh but does eat milk, eggs, and cheese

Which are water-soluble vitamins? D A B E K C

Vitamin B & C

Which vitamin is water-soluble? Lipid-soluble? Vitamin A &B

Vitamin B: Water-soluble Vitamin A: Lipid-soluble

Organic molecules which are required for normal metabolism but are only present in small amounts in food are called __________

Vitamins

Your father's annual physical exam shows he has a low level of HDLs. This concerns you because you know this puts him at increased risk for ______. low blood pressure anemia a heart attack emphysema

a heart attack

Minerals serve many functions in the human body including which of the following? (Select all that apply) blood clotting binding oxygen generation of an action potential beta oxidation of fats DNA replication

blood clotting binding oxygen generation of an action potential

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius is called a ________

calorie

Iron is an integral component of which of the following? blood clotting factors hydroxyapatite of bone muscle contraction cytochromes in the electron transport chain

cytochromes in the electron transport chain

A calorie is a measure of ______. pressure temperature energy

energy

On the USDA MyPlate, one-half of the plate is taken up by ______. vegetables and carbohydrates fruits and vegetables fruits and protein protein and dairy

fruits and vegetables

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules? citric acid cycle glycolysis electron transport system intermediate stage

glycolysis

During the absorptive state of digestion, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids are ______. decreasing remaining stable increasing

increasing

The time between meals, when your body is relying on stored nutrients, is the ______ state. absorptive pre-absorptive postabsorptive semi-absorptive

postabsorptive

While you are sleeping, your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis, so you are in the ________ state.

postabsorptive

Which are functions of the liver? (Select all that apply) production of most digestive enzymes production of red blood cells storing glucose production of bile production of clotting proteins

storing glucose production of bile production of clotting proteins

Lipids are carried in the blood bound to proteins because ______. they are hydrophobic they are amphibolic they are hydrophilic

they are hydrophobic

Fats and oils are dietary sources of ______. triglycerides monosaccharides amino acids nucleic acids

triglycerides

It is especially important to have a varied diet in order to ensure you meet your body's need for ______. lipids and minerals vitamins and carbohydrates amino acids and vitamins vitamins and minerals

vitamins and minerals

It is especially important to have a varied diet in order to ensure you meet your body's need for ______. lipids and minerals vitamins and carbohydrates vitamins and minerals amino acids and vitamins

vitamins and minerals