A&P Mod 7; 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements

hemopoietic growth factors

chemical signals including erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukins that regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular blood progenitor cells.

cytokines

class of proteins that act as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules; in the cardiovascular system, they stimulate the proliferation of progenitor cells and help to stimulate both nonspecific and specific resistance to disease.

bone marrow biopsy

diagnostic test of a sample of red bone marrow.

totipotent stem cell

embryonic stem cell that is capable of differentiating into any and all cells of the body;enabling the full development of an organism

erythropoietin (EPO)

glycoprotein that triggers the bone marrow to produce RBCs; produced by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)

glycoproteins that trigger the proliferation and differentiation of myeloblasts into granular leukocytes (basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils)

hemocytoblast

hemopoietic stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood.

thrombopoietin

hormone secreted by the liver and kidneys that prompts the development of megakaryocytes into thrombocytes (platelets)

hemopoiesis

production of the formed elements of blood.

interleukins

signaling molecules that may function in hemopoiesis, inflammation, and specific immune responses.

pluripotent stem cell

stem cell that derives from totipotent stem cells and is capable of differentiating into many, but not all, cell types.

bone marrow transplant

treatment in which a donors healthy bone marrow with its stem cells replaces diseased or damaged bone marrow of a patient.

myeloid stem cells

type of hemopoietic stem cell that gives rise to some formed elements, including erythrocytes, megakaryocytes that produce platelets, and a myeloblast linage that gives rise to monocytes and three forms of granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils).

lymphoid stem cells

type of hemopoietic stem cells that gives rise to lymphocytes, including various T cells, B cells, and NK cells, all of which function in immunity.

hemopoietic stem cell

type of pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood (hemocytoblast)