A&P one-Mcampbell- cmsartbook 16
Which causes conjunctivitis?
-infectious agents -irritants
Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.
1.iris 2.ciliary body 3.choroid
How many auditory ossicles are found in each ear?
3
Match the letter to the correct structures in this sagittal view of the eye. Instructions
A - levator palpebrae superioris B - orbicularis oculi C - ocular conjunctiva D = tarsal plate E - cornea
True or false: Astigmatism is also called farsightedness.
False
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.
Referred pain
Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve?
VIII
A feature common to all receptors is ______.
ability to respond to a stimulus
Refraction of light for vision is greatest as light rays pass from ______ into the ______ because the difference in their refractive index is maximal.
air; cornea
Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______.
an electrical signal
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?
anterior cavity
What chamber is between the iris and cornea?
anterior chamber
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?
aqueous humor
What disorder is caused by unequal curvatures of the lens and cornea?
astigmatism
Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
auditory tube eustachian tube pharyngotympanic tube
Sound waves are funneled into the ear by the ______.
auricle
LIght rays are when they pass through the lens and the cornea.
bent
The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects.
flattened
What disease causes fluid build up in the eye, dislocating the lens?
glaucoma
The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.
hearing and equilibrium
Where are photoreceptors located?
in the neural layer of the retina
The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.
internal
Where are tears created?
lacrimal apparatus
The nasolacrimal duct is found on the ______ side of the nose.
lateral
Cataracts are a disorder of the
lens
Presbyopia occurs when the ______ loses elasticity.
lens
The process by which your eyes adjust from low light to bright light conditions is ______.
light adaptation
The palpebral conjunctiva ______.
lines the internal surface of the eyelid
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called
lysozyme
Otitis media is an infection of the ______.
middle ear
Accommodation is the process of making the lens ______.
more spherical
The vibration of the tympanic membrane causes ______.
movement of the ossicles
A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ______.
nearsighted
The optic disc contains ______ photoreceptors.
no
Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.
occipital
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
optic disc
The fat surrounding the eye is called fat.
orbital
Accommodation is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
Olfactory receptors ______.
perceive odors
The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the part of the temporal bone.
petrous
Aqueous humor is secreted into the chamber before traveling to the chamber of the eye.
posterior; anterior
An aging person would need to start wearing reading glasses if they suffer from ______.
presbyopia
The lens is ______ when we are viewing close-up objects.
rounded
The cochlea has three fluid-filled ducts. Which are the names of these ducts?
scala tympani scala vestibuli cochlear duct
Which chamber is most superior?
scala vestibuli
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
sclera
What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?
sclera
In hyperopia, the eyeball is too and in myopia, the eyeball is too .
short; long
Receptors for general senses are usually ______.
simple structure
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera.
skin
Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window?
stapes
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
superior and lateral to the eye
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Gustation is the sense of
taste
Which membrane is gelatinous?
tectorial membrane
The middle and inner ear are in which bone?
temporal bone
A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?
the pigmented layer of the retina the neural layer of the retina
The cornea is ______.
transparent
The external acoustic meatus extends from the auricle to the ______.
tympanic membrane
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.
uvea
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?
vascular tunic
The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the membrane.
vestibular
In the eye, the humor is gelatinous.
vitreous
The fovea centralis lies ______ the macula lutea.
within
What color is the macula lutea?
yellow
Which are true of rods?
- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light
Which events occur during bright light adaptation?
- cones gradually adjust - rods become inactive - pupils constrict
Which are true of conjunctiva?
- it is vascular - it does not cover the cornea - it contains goblet cells
What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?
- transmit sounds waves to inner ear - amplify sound
Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them.
1. lacrimal puncta 2.lacrimal canaliculus 3.lacrimal sac 4.nasolacrimal duct
The sense of smell is called ______.
Olfactory
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?
cataracts
Otitis media is more common in ______.
children
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
choroid
Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye?
choroid
The iris is continuous with the ______.
ciliary body
The auditory tube is normally ______.
closed
What type of photoreceptors detects color?
cones
As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.
cones 20-30 min
Pink eye is also called ______.
conjunctivitis
The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil.
constricts
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called
dark adaption
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.
densities
The auricle has cartilage that supports its structure.
elastic
Match the terms related to vision with their definitions. Instructions
emmetropia - normal vision hyperopia - farsightedness myopia - nearsightedness
Which is an accessory structure of the eye?
eyebrow
Which may result in symptoms such as reduced field of vision, dim vision, and/or halos around lights?
glaucoma
Match the special sense with its anatomical name. Instructions
gustation - taste olfaction - smell vision - sight equilibrium - balance audition - hearing
The iris controls the size of the ______.
pupil
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.
receded into
Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______.
referred pain
The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called
refraction
Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?
sclera
The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor.
vitreous
A shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a shaped lens is used to treat myopia.
convex; concave
The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ______.
cornea
The receptors for the special senses are found within the ______.
cranium
