A&P Take Home Quiz

An electrical impulse leaves the SA node and travels next to the: A. AV node B. Bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. Ventricles

A. AV node

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system transmits action potentials from sensory organs to the CNS? A. Afferent division B. Efferent division C. Somatic division D. Autonomic division

A. Afferent division

The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for: A. Alpha and beta receptors B. Alpha-1 receptors only C. Beta-1 receptors only D. Alpha-1 and beta-2 receptors

A. Alpha and beta receptors

The tarsal bones make up the: A. Ankle B. Foot C. Wrist D. Hand

A. Ankle

Which type of nerve cells conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body? A. Axons B. Neurons C. Dendrites D. Neurocytes

A. Axons

Regulation of movement into and out of a cell is accomplished by the: A. Cytoplasmic membrane B. Protoplasm C. Organelles D. Endoplasmic reticulum

A. Cytoplasmic membrane

The most superficial and thickest layer of the meninges is the: A. Dura mater B. Arachnoid C. Pia mater D. Glia limitans

A. Dura mater

Which bone in the body is not connected to any other bone? A. Hyoid B. Talus C. Patella D. Manubrium

A. Hyoid

The reticular activating system is important in: A. Maintaining consciousness B. Coordinating muscle groups C. Relaying sensory information to the brain D. Maintaining posture

A. Maintaining consciousness

A patient has a disease that affects the cerebellum. The patient would be expected to have trouble with: A. Muscle coordination B. Vision C. Respiration D. Temperature regulation

A. Muscle coordination

What is a function of the frontal lobe? A. Personality B. Hearing C. Vision D. Temperature

A. Personality

Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the: A. Pulmonary veins B. Pulmonary arteries C. Superior vena cava D. Inferior vena cava

A. Pulmonary veins

A paramedic feels the sternum and locates the angle of Louis. Lateral to the angle of Louis is the: A. Second rib B. Costal margin C. Anterior axillary line D. Point of maximum impulse

A. Second rib

The vessels that carry blood from the body to the right atrium are the: A. Superior and inferior vena cavae B. Aorta C. Pulmonary artery D. Right coronary artery

A. Superior and inferior vena cavae

The primary function of the vocal cords is to: A. Vibrate to produce speech B. Filter inspired air C. Warm and moisten inspired air D. Control the depth of respiration

A. Vibrate to produce speech

A premature infant is born without sufficient pulmonary surfactant, leaving the newborn prone to: A. Asthma B. Alveolar collapse C. Infection D. Tension pneumothorax

B. Alveolar collapse

The area where the trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi is known as the: A. Pleura B. Carina C. Xiphoid process D. Sternal angle

B. Carina

The most inferior cartilage of the larynx is the: A. Thyroid cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage C. Hyoid cartilage D. Pharyngeal cartilage

B. Cricoid cartilage

The only complete ring in the larynx or trachea is the: A. Thyroid cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage C. Hyoid bone D. Arytenoid cartilage

B. Cricoid cartilage

A paramedic inserting an intraosseous needle into the tibia of a child accidentally injures the epiphyseal plate. The result of this injury, if left untreated, will be: A. Infection B. Impaired bone growth C. Loss of ability to create new blood cells D. Failure of blood clotting mechanisms

B. Impaired bone growth

Along with the medulla, this part of the brain helps to control breathing: A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Thalamus D. Cerebrum

B. Pons

A paramedic asking a patient to hold out his or her arms with palms facing up, and then to turn the palms facing down, is asking the patient to perform what type of movement? A. Circumduction B. Pronation C. Supination D. Excursion

B. Pronation

A patient has an infected laceration on the lower leg. He has a tender swollen lump in his groin on the same side. The best explanation for the swollen lump is: A. Blood is collecting here due to poor circulation B. The inguinal lymph nodes are swollen C. The infection has damaged the subcutaneous tissue along the leg and into the groin D. His veins are inflamed because of the infected cells

B. The inguinal lymph nodes are swollen

The most abundant type of muscle in the body is called: A. Voluntary (smooth) muscle B. Voluntary (skeletal) muscle C. Involuntary (smooth) muscle D. Involuntary (cardiac) muscle

B. Voluntary (skeletal) muscle

Cerebrospinal fluid is manufactured in the: A. subarachnoid space. B. ventricles of the brain. C. posterior pituitary gland. D. anterior pituitary gland.

B. ventricles of the brain.

The outer layer of an artery is called the tunica: A. Intima B. Media C. Adventitia D. Viscera

C. Adventitia

The major site of absorption in the digestive tract is the: A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum

C. Jejunum

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the: A. Loop of Henle B. Bowman Capsule C. Nephron D. Glomerulus

C. Nephron

A patient with a neurological disease that damages the motor neurons is unable to: A. Contract his or her muscles B. Feel his or her extremities C. Perform fine motor functions, but has gross motor functions D. Repair tissues distal to this damage

C. Perform fine motor functions, but has gross motor functions

The kidneys are partially protected from injury by the: A. Scapula B. Spinal column C. Rib cage D. Pelvic bones

C. Rib cage

Which of the following are examples of flat bones? A. Carpal and tarsal bones B. Humerus, radius, and femur C. Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones D. Vertebrae, coccyx, and the mandible

C. Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones

A person in the anatomic position would be: A. Lying on his or her left side B. Lying with the face and abdomen downward C. Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing forward D. Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing backward

C. Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing forward

Joints such as the elbow and hip are classified as: A. Fibrous joints B. Cartilaginous joints C. Synovial joints D. Gomphosis joints

C. Synovial joints

What is a function of the occipital lobe? A. Personality B. Hearing C. Vision D. Temperature

C. Vision

Which blood component transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Leukocytes D. Erythrocytes

D. Erythrocytes

The tissue that is responsible for conducting electrical signals is the: A. Connective tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Nervous tissue

D. Nervous tissue

The whites of the eyes are called the: A. Retina B. Vascular tunic C. Conjunctiva D. Sclera

D. Sclera

A patient has a disease that affects the diencephalon. The patient would be expected to have trouble with: A. Muscle coordination B. Vision C. Respiration D. Temperature regulation

D. Temperature regulation

The serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs is the: A. Mesenteric peritoneum B. Abdominal peritoneum C. Parietal peritoneum D. Visceral peritoneum

D. Visceral peritoneum

The larynx is located _____ to the esophagus A. Inferior B. Posterior C. Distal D. Anterior

D. Anterior

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata collectively form the: A. Cerebellum B. Cerebral cortex C. Diencephalon D. Brainstem

D. Brainstem

Which of the following is a function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)? A. Provides the sense of vision via the optic tracts B. Innervates the muscles that cause motion of the nostrals C. Innervates muscles of the eyeball that allows a downward gaze D. Carries cranial nerve fibers that cause dilation of the pupils

D. Carries cranial nerve fibers that cause dilation of the pupils

The second heart sound (S2) represents: A. Opening of the pulmonic valve B. Closure of the atrioventricular valves C. Opening of the aortic valve D. Closure of the semilunar valves

D. Closure of the semilunar valves

The final maturation of spermatozoa occurs within the: A. Vas deferens B. Testes C. Prostate gland D. Epididymis

D. Epididymis

The most numerous formed elements of blood are the: A. Plasma B. Leukocytes C. Platelets D. Erythrocytes

D. Erythrocytes

The coxae (hip bones) are formed by the fusion of the: A. Pubis and femur B. Pubis, sacrum, and coccyx C. Ilium, ischium, and coccyx D. Ilium, ischium, and pubis

D. Ilium, ischium, and pubis

The epiglottis can be BEST described as: A. A leaf shaped cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing B. Cartilage that closes the esophagus during breathing C. A ligament that attaches the vocal cords to the glottis opening D. Cartilage that is inferior to the glottis and keeps the esophagus open

A. A leaf shaped cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it: A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it B. Will allow any substances to readily pass through it C. Only allows potassium and calcium to pass through it D. Only allows sodium and chloride to pass through it

A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it

Which of the following lists, in the correct order, the return of blood from the systemic circulation to the heart? A. Capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava B. Venules, capillaries, veins, vena cava C. Capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta D. Arterioles, capillaries, arteries, aorta

A. Capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Which of the following are examples of short bones? A. Carpal and tarsal bones B. Humerus, radius, and femur C. Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones D. Vertebrae, coccyx, and the mandible

A. Carpal and tarsal bones

Tissue containing cells separated from each other by intercellular material (the extracellular matrix) is: A. Connective tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Nervous tissue

A. Connective tissue

A patient has a diseased lobule in his left lung that is surgically removed. The other lobules of his left lung will: A. Continue to function independently B. Not function once that lobule is removed C. Not function, and there will be limited use of the right lung D. Continue to function but with impaired efficiency

A. Continue to function independently

A paramedic is treating a patient who is very thin and lacks the usual amount of subcutaneous tissue. The paramedic expects the patient will have: A. Difficulty regulating body temperature B. Trouble repairing injuries to the epidermis C. Inadequate numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands D. Fewer blood vessels in the dermal layer

A. Difficulty regulating body temperature

The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the stomach is the: A. duodenum. B. jejunum. C. ilium. D. ileum.

A. Duodenum

Which of the following substances are vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine B. Aldosterone and dopamine C. Cortisol and epinephrine D. Aldosterone and cortisol

A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

The brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: A. foramen magnum. B. lamboid suture. C. vertebral foramen. D. mastoid process.

A. Foramen magnum

Which structure is located within the mediastinum? A. Heart B. Lung C. Stomach D. Larynx

A. Heart

Which part of the ear functions in both hearing and balance? A. Inner ear B. Middle ear C. Outer ear D. External ear

A. Inner ear

A heavy smoker notes that he is subject to frequent respiratory infections. Which of the following mechanisms best explains these frequent infections? A. Lack of cilia and goblet cells in the trachea B. Chemicals in cigarette smoke lead to bacterial infections C. Cigarette smokers tend to share cigarettes with others, increasing the risk of infection D. Smoking suppresses the immune system

A. Lack of cilia and goblet cells in the trachea

The respiratory center of the brain is located in the: A. Medulla B. Cerebrum C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus

A. Medulla

The thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the: A. pericardium. B. myocardium. C. epicardium. D. endocardium.

A. Pericardium

Which blood component is made up of water, electrolytes, and proteins such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Leukocytes D. Erythrocytes

A. Plasma

A small blood clot enters the right ventricle. Where will it travel next? A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary vein C. Vena cava D. Aorta

A. Pulmonary artery

Which of the following structures comprise the axial skeleton? A. Skull, face, thoracic cage, vertebral column B. Skull, shoulders, upper extremities, ribs C. Pelvic girdle, vertebral column D. Ribs, shoulders, lower extremities, skull

A. Skull, face, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Ventricular muscle contraction and the pumping of blood throughout the body occur during: A. Systole B. Diastole C. Asystole D. The cardiac cycle

A. Systole

What are the three layers of the blood vessel, starting with the outer layer? A. Tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima B. Tunica intima, tunica adventitia, tunica media C. Tunica media, tunica intima, tunica adventitia D. Tunica media, tunica adventitia, tunica intima

A. Tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

In the pregnant patient, the secretion of oxytocin causes: A. Uterine smooth muscle contraction B. Uterine smooth muscle relaxation C. Decreased milk production in the breasts D. Thickening of the uterine wall for implantation

A. Uterine smooth muscle contraction

In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes: A. Vasoconstriction B. Slowing of the heart rate C. Increased gastrointestinal function D. Shunting of blood to the body's periphery

A. Vasoconstriction

The sagittal plane runs: A. Vertically, dividing the body into left and right B. Horizontally, dividing the body into three anatomical regions C. Horizontally, dividing the body into top and bottom D. Vertically, dividing the body into front and back

A. Vertically, dividing the body into left and right

The lungs are covered by a smooth, moist epithelial layer called the: A. Visceral pleura B. Visceral peritoneum C. Parietal pleura D. Parietal peritoneum

A. Visceral pleura

The presence of ADH results in: A. Water retention by the body B. More urine production C. Decreased reabsorption of water D. Decreased permeability to water in the collecting tubules

A. Water retention by the body

The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses. This process is called: A. Automaticity B. Excitability C. Conductivity D. Dromotropy

A. automaticity

The atrioventricular valves of the heart include the: A. tricuspid and mitral. B. mitral and aortic. C. bicuspid and aortic. D. tricuspid and pulmonic.

A. tricuspid and mitral.

The most inferior portion of the heart is called the: A. Base B. Apex C. Volar D. Dorsum

B. Apex

Which of the following vessels or structures is NOT part of the pulmonary circulation? A. Pulmonary artery B. Descending aorta C. Alveolar capillary D. Pulmonic valve

B. Descending aorta

What is a function of the temporal lobe? A. Personality B. Hearing C. Vision D. Temperature

B. Hearing

Which of the following are examples of long bones? A. Carpal and tarsal bones B. Humerus, radius, and femur C. Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones D. Vertebrae, coccyx, and the mandible

B. Humerus, radius, and femur

The lymphatic system: A. Is totally separate from the circulatory system B. Includes the tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland C. Carries fluid to and from tissues of the body D. Removes fluids from the general circulation

B. Includes the tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland

The primary respiratory stimulus in a healthy adult is a(n): A. decreased arterial oxygen level. B. increased arterial carbon dioxide level. C. increased pH level of the venous blood. D. decreased venous level of carbon dioxide.

B. Increased arterial carbon dioxide level

Insulin and glucagon are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the: A. Adrenal islets B. Islets of Langerhans C. Medullary cortex D. Adrenal medulla

B. Islets of Langerhans

A neutrophil is a type of: A. Plasma B. Leukocyte C. Platelet D. Erythrocyte

B. Leukocyte

A prone patient is: A. Sitting up B. Lying on the stomach C. Lying on the back D. Standing facing forward

B. Lying on the stomach

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer to the midline is: A. Lateral B. Medial C. Midaxillary D. Midclavicular

B. Medial

The contractile tissue responsible for movement is: A. Connective tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Nervous tissue

B. Muscle tissue

Which blood component participates in blood clotting and helps to seal leaks in injured blood vessels? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Leukocytes D. Erythrocytes

B. Platelets

The heart's primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium, is the: A. AV node B. SA node C. AV junction D. bundle of His

B. SA node

The gap that lies between each neuron is called the: A. cleft. B. synapse. C. terminal. D. vesicle.

B. Synapse

Components of the integumentary system include: A. The heart, blood, and blood vessels B. The skin, nails, and oil glands C. The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves D. The trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

B. The skin, nails, and oil glands

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves occur during: A. ventricular relaxation. B. ventricular contraction. C. the diastolic phase. D. atrial contraction.

B. Ventricular contraction

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from the: A. Somatic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Voluntary nervous system D. Adrenal nervous system

B. autonomic nervous system

Excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system will result in: A. Hypertension B. Bradycardia C. Hyperactivity D. Diaphoresis

B. bradycardia

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: A. remains in the lungs following maximum exhalation. B. is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath. C. is moved in and out of the lungs with maximal expiration. D. is exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation.

B. is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.

The two major veins that drain the head and neck of blood are the: A. Vertebral veins B. Jugular veins C. Cerebral veins D. Cephalic veins

B. jugular veins

The middle muscular layer of the heart is called the: A. Pericardium B. Myocardium C. Epicardium D. Endocardium

B. myocardium

During your assessment of a patient, you note that he is bradycardic, hypotensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest: A. sympathetic nervous system stimulation. B. parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. C. sympathetic nervous system depression. D. parasympathetic nervous system depression.

B. parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.

A 2-year-old child has experienced a proximal humeral fracture involving the growth plate. This plate is also called the: A. diaphyseal plate. B. etaphyseal plate. C. epiphyseal plate. D. Endosteum plate

C. Epiphyseal plate

What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs? A. Connective B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. Striated

C. Epithelial

The cardiac sphincter is the opening between the: A. Large intestine and small intestine B. Pharynx and esophagus C. Esophagus and stomach D. Stomach and large intestine

C. Esophagus and stomach

Topographically, the term distal means: A. Near the trunk B. Near a point of reference C. Farther from the trunk D. Toward the body's midline

C. Farther from the trunk

Which of the following organs/structures lie(s) in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Kidneys D. Superior vena cava

C. Kidneys

Dysfunction of the mitral valve may cause backflow of blood into the: A. right ventricle. B. right atrium. C. left atrium. D. left ventricle.

C. Left atrium

Which blood component serves a defensive function by engulfing infectious organisms and producing antibodies? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Leukocytes D. Erythrocytes

C. Leukocytes

Adipose tissue stores: A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Vitamins

C. Lipids

Bile is produced by the: A. Gallbladder and stored in the liver B. Pancreas and stored in the gallbladder C. Liver and stored in the gallbladder D. Stomach and stored in the pancreas

C. Liver and stored in the gallbladder

The reticular activating system is located in the __________ and regulates: A. occipital lobe, sight. B. brainstem, breathing. C. midbrain, consciousness. D. cerebellum, motor function.

C. Midbrain, consciousness

The atrioventricular valves of the heart are the: A. Mitral and aortic B. Aortic and pulmonic C. Mitral and tricuspid D. Tricuspid and pulmonic

C. Mitral and tricuspid

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure? A. Stomach B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen

C. Pancreas

The layer of tissue that lines the inside of the chest cavity is called the: A. visceral pleura. B. pulmonary pleura. C. parietal pleura. D. thoracic pleura.

C. Parietal pleura

Movement of an extremity toward the midline of the body is called: A. Supination B. Pronation C. Adduction D. Abduction

C. adduction

Beginning with the outermost layer, the three meningeal layers of the central nervous system are the: A. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid. B. arachnoid, pia mater, and dura mater. C. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. D. pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid.

C. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Normal inhalation is the result of: A. diaphragmatic relaxation. B. air passively entering the lungs. C. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity. D. positive pressure in the thoracic cavity.

C. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

Endotracheal tubes inserted too deeply into the trachea tend to lodge in the right mainstem bronchus because the right mainstem bronchus: A. Exits the trachea before the left mainstem bronchus B. Is longer and narrower than the left mainstem bronchus C. Contains more mucous membranes than the left mainstem bronchus D. Is straighter than the left mainstem bronchus

D. Is straighter than the left mainstem bronchus

The sternum consists of three connected flat bones. Which of the following correctly lists these components from their superior to inferior positions? A. Body, xiphoid process, manubrium B. Mediastinum, xiphoid process, body C. Manubrium, mediastinum, body D. Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

D. Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

The thyroid gland is responsible for the: A. Release of TSH B. Breakdown of glycogen C. Production of glucose D. Metabolic rate

D. Metabolic rate

The sac that covers the outside of the heart is known as the: A. Epicardium B. Endocardium C. Myocardium D. Pericardium

D. Pericardium

Blood consists of three formed elements. They are the: A. Plasma, lymph, and erythrocytes B. Lymph, erythrocytes, and leukocytes C. Leukocytes, plasma, and platelets D. Platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes

D. Platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes

The fluid remaining after the proteins that produce clots are removed is called: A. Plasma B. Blood C. Distillate D. Serum

D. Serum

Structures of the lower airway include the: A. Hard palate, bronchi, and alveoli B. Mouth, nose, larynx, and trachea C. Esophagus, trachea, and bronchioles D. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

D. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Which cranial nerve is responsible for slowing the heart rate and accelerating peristalsis? A. Trochlear B. Hypoglossal C. Glossopharyngeal D. Vagus

D. Vagus

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the: A. Vena cava and aorta B. Aorta and coronary sinus C. Pulmonary vein and aorta D. Vena Cavae and coronary sinus

D. Vena cavae and coronary sinus

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: A. respiration. B. oxygenation. C. tidal volume. D. ventilation.

D. Ventilation

Efferent nerves of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for: A. carrying impulses from the body to the brain. B. sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure. C. involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate. D. carrying commands from the brain to the muscles.

D. carrying commands from the brain to the muscles.

The upper section of the sternum is called the: A. Jugular notch B. Xiphoid process C. Angle of Louis D. Manubrium

D. manubrium

Stimulation of alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in: A. tachycardia. B. bronchodilation. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. peripheral vasoconstriction.

D. peripheral vasoconstriction.

Compared to the frontal region of the skull, the occiput is: A. Anterior B. Exterior C. Inferior D. Posterior

D. posterior