A&P Unit 2

Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?

transfers energy for cell functions

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

triglyceride

This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation.

triglycerides

A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.

valence electrons

What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?

water

This type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement.

contractile

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms?

covalent

Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products?

decomposition

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?

endergonic

AB + CD → AD + BC is a general example of a(n) _____ reaction.

exchange

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?

forms backbone of all organic molecules

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?

glucose

Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?

glycogen

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?

glycogen

Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

hydrogen

Surface tension of an aqueous Solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water molecules.

hydrogen bonds

A solute that readily dissolves in water is

hydrophilic

This type of protein protects against pathogens.

immunological

The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.

isotopes

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?

lactose

An enzyme acts to

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body?

metabolism

Which of the following subatomic particles has/have a neutral charge?

neutron

Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

nucleotide

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

nucleus

In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a

partial negative charge.

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water molecule are called

polar covalent bonds

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

polyunsaturated

What are the three components of an atom? Where are they found? What are their charges, how much does one weigh?

protons, neutrons, electrons.

A triple covalent bond is formed between atoms sharing _____ valence electrons.

six

Which type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products?

synthesis

If there is 24% Adenine present in a DNA helix, how much thymine would be present?

24% thymine

What is an element?

a Substance that contains only ONE type of atom. Cannot be split into smaller units by ordinary (non-nuclear) reactions.

The primary structure of a protein consists of

a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Which of the following is a proton donor?

acid

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

acidic

The initial energy "investment" needed to start a chemical reaction in a cell is called the

activation energy.

What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?

anion

This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

atomic mass

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's

atomic number

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)

buffer

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Which of the following is a common function of RNA?

carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis

Which of the following is the major function of DNA?

carries inherited genetic code that controls protein synthesis

This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.

cholesterol