A&P used quiz 1

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosum - 2, 3, 5, 1 - 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 - 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 - 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 - 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

2, 3, 5, 1 *This is a really mean TRICK question, so be careful. The stratum lucidum (#4) is ONLY in thick skinned areas. The question said "forearm" and the forearm is not very thick skinned, so we can't assume the lucidum is part of the sequence. So we pick the choice without the stratum lucidum (#4) which is the first choice. ** I actually missed this on the test too, so don't get tricked!

The type of burn that involves injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis and is red, blistered, and painful is termed as a _____ degree burn.

2nd *For this, you just have to know 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns and what each one entails. But the word "blistered" is your clue for 2nd degree burn. Blisters are always with 2nd degree.

Type of muscle that makes up most of the wall of the heart.

Cardiac muscle *Cardiac means "heart" and is always the answer with anything to do with the heart.

Tissue that makes up heart valves, periosteum, perichondrium

Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue. *Know the differences between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue; Dense REGULAR tissue is specifically used in tendons and ligaments. Dense IRREGULAR is used in heart valves and found in the perichondrium and periosteum.

Which of the following type of gland secretes its products into ducts? - endocrine - exocrine - sebaceous - sweat

Exocrine *Endocrine goes straight to the blood, exocrine goes thru a duct into the body and never comes into contact with the blood stream.

T/F: When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temps, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush to into the skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated.

FALSE

T/F: Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would be best described as a 3rd degree burn.

FALSE; "blister" is your key word here. Blistering is ALWAYS associated with 2nd degree burns.

T/F: Proximal means farther away from the origin of a body part.

FALSE; Proximal means closer

T/F: Melanin is found in the uppermost layer of skin and helps prevent water loss.

FALSE; That's the job of keratin. Keratin is the waterproofing mechanism.

T/F: The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.

FALSE; it is dorsal because the spine is on the backside of the body.

T/F: The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region.

FALSE; it is inferior to the umbilical region.

T/F: Sebaceous glands release sweat to help control body temp.

FALSE; sebaceous glands release sebum for hair, not sweat. Sebaceous glands have NOTHING to do with sweat.

T/F: Transverse or horizontal sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

FALSE; that would be frontal (coronal) cut

T/F: Serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities.

FALSE; that's synovial membranes

T/F: Melanocytes are nerve cells that function in touch reception.

FALSE; that's what Merkel cells do.

T/F: The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region.

FALSE; the heel is the calcaneal region, the bottom of the foot is not the heel, it's the rest of the foot.

T/F: In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.

FALSE; they are supine (meaning facing forward, as in you can see them)

The uppermost layer of the skin is? - called the dermis - full of keratin - fed by good supply of blood vessels - called the hypodermis

Full of keratin *The outermost layer is all dead and made up of keratinized cells (waterproofing cells)

Goblet cells are found in? - simple squamous epithelium - simple cuboidal epithelium - simple columnar epithelium - stratified squamous epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium *This another one where you just have to know where goblet cells are found.

Epithelial tissue that consists of one layer of cells and flattened like fish scales is called? - stratified squamous epithelium - simple squamous epithelium - stratified cuboidal epithelium - simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium *This is one where you just have to know the different types of epithelial tissue. But you did have clues here like "flattened" and "one layer". If it's "one layer" then you know it has to be "simple something". Simple means one.

T/F: Hair is produced by the hair bulb and is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells.

TRUE

T/F: The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis.

TRUE

T/F: The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

TRUE

T/F: There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

TRUE

Which ventral cavity subdivision has no body protection? - thoracic - pelvic - abdominal - cranial - spinal

abdominal *All the others have bones protecting them but the abdominal cavity (where your stomach and other things is) has no bones there. The rib cage is part of the thoracic cavity so don't confuse those bones as part of the abdominal cavity.

The type of tissue that acts as a storage depot for fat is? - areolar connective tissue - reticular connective tissue - adipose connective tissue - dense fibrous connective tissue

adipose connective tissue *adipose is another word for fat, so that was your clue in the question.

Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow? - calcaneal - scapular - gluteal - vertebral - antecubital

antecubital *Remember to pay attention that this question uses another directional term "anterior", meaning the front side. Antecubital would be the front side of the elbow.

Which of the following have the same orientation and directional terms have the same meaning? - superior and caudal - inferior and cranial - anterior and ventral - inferior and dorsal

anterior and ventral *Anterior is the front side of the boy. Ventral also means "front".

"Goosebumps" are caused by contractions of the _________ muscles.

arector pili *This is what holds the hair in an upright position. Your hair sticks "up" when you get goosebumps, so this is the function of the arector pili muscles.

Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm? - femoral, popliteal, patellar - brachial, antecubital, carpal - nasal, oral, occipital - acromial, sacral, gluteal - pelvic, pubic, inguinal

brachial, antecubital, carpal *This is just knowing the anatomical terms. The brachial is the arm region, antecubital is the elbow, and the carpal is the wrist.

The type of tissue that contains lacunae and chondrocytes is? - blood - muscle - bone - cartilage

cartilage *"Chondro" means cartilage. A chondrocyte is a cartilage cell.

Which of the following tissues are avascular? - skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle - bone and dense connective tissue - cartilage and epithelium - areolar and adipose tissue

cartilage and epithelium *Avascular means "no blood vessels". If something lacks blood vessels, then it can't heal well. Cartilage is known for being avascular as it heals very slowly due to having no blood vessels.

which of the following are characterized as tough fibers in bundles that provide great strength, as needed in bones and tendons, and are made of the most abundant protein in the body? - collagen fibers - elastic fibers - reticular fibers - cotton fibers

collagen ***So there are tons of clues in the question. First, the words "tough" and "great strength", and then it says "most abundant protein in the body". Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is "elastic" which gives "great strength" and makes it "tough".

What is the most widely distributed tissue type int he body?

connective

Which type of tissue is well vascularized and is characterized by having large amounts of nonliving matrix?

connective

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ______.

corneum *Key word was "outermost layer". There are 5 layers of the epidermis. The corneum is the top layer, or the "outermost" layer and is all dead.

Type of membrane that forms the skin

cutaneous membrane

What is the first threat to life form a massive 3rd degree burn? - infection - dehydration - unbearable pain - loss of immune function - blood loss

dehydration *The main thing about 3rd degree burns is that all your waterproofing cells are gone, so now you're losing all the water out of your body, also known as dehydration. This will kill you if prolonged.

Tissue found in ligaments and tendons

dense REGULAR connective tissue *You just have to know the differences between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue; Dense REGULAR tissue is specifically used in tendons and ligaments. Dense IRREGULAR is used in heart valves and the dermis layer of the skin.

This dude tore his Achilles tendon during a recent football game. He has injured...? - muscle tissue - loose connective tissue - nervous tissue - dense connective tissue

dense connective tissue *Dense connective tissue makes up parts of tendons and ligaments

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is

digital region *"digits" is another name for fingers

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? - proximal - medial - superior - distal - deep

distal *Distal means "far from" so the feet are far from the knee. This also has to do with in relation to where the limb attaches to the trunk.

Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings? - superficial and proximal - distal and proximal - medial and distal - medial and anterior

distal and proximal *These are opposites of each other, distal meaning far and proximal meaning close to.

Tissue found in elastic arteries and lung tissue

elastic connective tissue *Uhm. Durh. "Elastic".

Which of the following types of gland secretes its products directly into the blood stream? - endocrine - exocrine - sebaceous - sweat

endocrine *Endocrine goes straight to the blood, exocrine goes thru a duct into the body and never comes into contact with the blood stream.

The 2 main layers of the skin are? - papillary and reticular layer - stratum basale and dermis - epidermis and dermis - stratum corneum and dermis - hypodermis and dermis

epidermis and dermis *The go together, the epidermis is on top of the dermis.

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial? - umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions - epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions - epigastric, right and left hypochondriac regions

epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions *There's really no trick to this question except for remembering the abdominal regions. Here's a pic: http://classroom.sdmesa.edu/eschmid/F01.10a-b.L.150.jpg IGNORE THE RIGHT PICTURE***

Which type of tissue forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes?

epithelial

Which of the following cells secretes fibers and ground substance of matrix in connective tissue? - adipocyte - macrophage - fibroblast - collagen fiber

fibroblast

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle are? - tight junctions - desmosomes - gap junctions - collagen fibers

gap junctions *Intercalated discs are gap junctions between cells and are found in the heart (cardiac muscle).

Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. Where is this region? - groin - buttock - leg - thigh - hip

groin * "Inguinal" is just another name for the groin area.

Which of the following forms the embryonic skeleton, the surfaces of bones that are actively growing, and the trachea (windpipe)? - hyaline cartilage - osseous tissue - dense fibrous connective tissue - areolar connective tissue

hyaline cartilage *the word "growing" was your clue. Hyaline cartilage is at the ends of the bones in your body to make your bones grow as you age. It is also what makes up most of the trachea.

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the? - skeletal system - integumentary sustem - endocrine system - immune system - lymphatic system

integumentary system *The "integumentary system" is just another fancy word for "skin".

Synovial membranes are found in the? - joint cavities - covering of the heart - lining of the stomach cavity - covering of the brain - lining of the abdominal cavity wall

joint cavity *This is just vocab. Synovial membranes are inside joints. Period.

Nails are composed of? - melanin - hemoglobin - keratin - sebum - carotene

keratin

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This is substance is? - serous fluid - melanin - mucus - carotene - keratin

keratin *Keratin is the waterproofing mechanism.

Connects bones together at joints

ligament

Which of the following is NOT associated with hair? - medulla - cuticle - follicle - lunule - shaft

lunule *The lunule is the little moon shaped thing at the base of your nail. All the other choices are part of a hair.

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the _____.

lunule *This is talking about that little white part right at the bottom of the nail. The way to remember this is that it looks like a moon. "Lunar" is another word for moon, so "lunule" is like "lunar".

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to? - melanin - keratin - oil - Langerhans cells - sweat

melanin *The more melanin you have, the darker you are. When exposed to the sun, you get more melanin. The word "darkening" was your clue.

The 3 pigments that contribute to skin color are ______, _______, and _________.

melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene.

Which term refers to microscopic, fingerlike projections that increase the surface of the plasma membrane? - cilia - microvilli - basement membrane - goblet cells

microvilli *Microvilli are "fingerlike projections" that increase surface area.

Which of the following characteristics best describes cardiac muscle? - movement is involuntary and cells possess striations - attached to the skeleton - movement is voluntary and cells possess striations

movement is involuntary and cells possess striations *Since it's cardiac muscle, you know it has to do with the heart. All the actions of the heart are involuntary, so the movement of this muscle has to be involuntary.

Which moist epithelial membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior? - synovial - cutaneous - mucous - serous - peritoneum

mucous *Mucous and serous membranes both line organs in the body. Mucous lining is in communication with the outside, so the word "exterior" was your clue. Serous membranes are not in communication with the outside.

Type of membrane adapted for absorption or secretion

mucous membrane

Type of membrane that lines open body cavities

mucous membranes

Which type of tissue allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow?

muscle

Which type of tissue is the basis of the major controlling system of the body?

nervous

The cell type found in nervous tissue that conducts nerve impulses is the ? - neuron - neuroglia - cerebrum - cerebellum

neuron *Neuron is the only choice that's an actual cell type.

Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral, or anterior, portion of the head? - buccal - oral - orbital - occipital - nasal

occipital *The occipital region is the back part of the head. The question asks for which ones are NOT associated with the front part of the head. Everything else is on the front.

Which of the following contains cells arranged concentrically around a nutrient canal, and matrix is hard due to calcium salts? - hyaline cartilage - osseous tissue (bone) - areolar connective tissue - adipose connective tissue

osseous tissue (bone) *Your clue in this question was the "calcium salts". You drink milk to keep your bones growing, milk is all calcium. Calcium is in bone. So the answer was bone tissue.

In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions: - patellar is superior to popliteal region - patellar is proximal to popliteal region - patellar is lateral to popliteal region - patellar is anterior to popliteal region

patellar is anterior to popliteal *Patellar and popliteal are both regions of the knee. The patellar being the front of the knee where the knee-cap is and the popliteal being the back of the knee where the leg folds. Anterior means "in front of" or "front side" so the patellar region is "in front of" the popliteal region.

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:

physiology *key word here is "function" of the body

The part of the hair enclosed in the follicle is known as the ______.

root ****KNOW THE SKIN DIAGRAM AND WHERE ALL THE STRUCTURES ARE. This is just a vocab word.

Peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are examples of this type of membrane.

serous membrane

Type of membrane that contains a visceral and a parietal layer

serous membranes

Type of membrane that secretes fluid around organs

serous membranes

The part of a hair that projects from the surface of the scalp or skin is called the

shaft *The key word in this question was "surface". The shaft is the part of the hair you can see, so you can see it if it's coming from the surface.

muscle that attaches tendons to bones

skeletal muscle

nonstriated muscle

smooth *striated means striped. You just have to know which muscles are striated and nonstriated.

Type of muscle found in larger blood vessels and in the walls of the stomach, intestine, urinary, bladder, and uterus.

smooth muscle

The dorsal body cavity houses the? - urinary and reproductive organs - heart and lungs - digestive and reproductive organs - tongue - spinal cord and brain

spinal cord and brain *Dorsal means the backside of the body. The spine is alone the backside of the body and the brain is actually more towards the back of the head. All the other choices are in the front side (ventral) of the body.

Which of these body regions is located on the anterior side of the body? - popliteal - sternal - lumbar - gluteal

sternal *To answer this question, you need to know that "anterior" means the "front side of the body". It also helps to know the regions of the body, because all the choices are regional terms. - popliteal (knee) - sternal (sternum/chest) - lumbar (lower back) - gluteal (butt) The sternal region is the only one on the anterior (front) side.

The epidermis is composed of? - simple columnar epithelium - stratified squamous epithelium - adipose tissue - areolar tissue - dense fibrous connective tissue

stratified squamous epithelium *This is just a fact. Know it.

Melanocytes are found in the? - stratum spinosum - stratum lucidum - stratum corneum - stratum basale - stratum granulosum

stratum basale *Just have to know this and what each layer contains.

Which layer of the epidermis produces dandruff? - stratum basale - stratum corneum - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum

stratum corneum *This is the dead layer. Dandruff is just dead cells.

The thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominopelvic cavity. - inferior - lateral - proximal - superior - dorsal

superior *The thoracic (chest area) cavity is above the abdominal cavity. Superior means above. You also need to know the location of both of those things as well as the directional terms.

Type of membrane that lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints

synovial membranes

Connects muscle to bone

tendon

In order to warm your body up when cold? - vitamin d is synthesized - sudoriferous glands release sweat - sebaceous glands release oil - the arrector pili muscle contract to stand hair upright - melanin is produced

the arrector pili muscle contract to stand hair upright *When your cold, you get "chill bumps" on your arms and legs. When this happens, the hair is standing up which is caused by the arrector pili muscles.

The lungs and heart are situated in the ____ body cavity.

thoracic *this is the chest area

The epithelial cell connections that prevent leaking of digestive enzymes between the cells are called? - desmosomes - gap junctions - plasmodesmata - tight junctions

tight junctions *Tight junctions are the ones that are like "quilts" and keep fluids from leaking. The word "leaking" was your clue. **You don't have to know what a digestive enzyme is, that's just extra info to confuse you.

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? - coronal - sagittal - dorsal - ventral - transverse

transverse *A transversal cut is a horizontal cut. So yes, this would separate the chest and the abdominal area. "Trans" means across. Also, you can immediately eliminate the choices "dorsal" and ventral" cuz these aren't even types of cuts. Make sure to know the different cuts.