A&P Wiley CHAPTER 2

Which of the following is a common function of RNA?

transfer information for protein synthesis

Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?

transfers energy for cell functions

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

triglyceride

If monosaccharides undergo dehydration synthesis, they may form 1. starch 2. glycogen 3. glucose a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

d. 1 and 2

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of the endergonic chemical reactions that occur in the human body? a. they absorb more energy than they produce b. they often require ATP to move toward products c. they are often coupled to exergonic reactions d. breakdown of nutrients is a good example of this type of reaction e. energy of reactants is lower than energy of products

d. breakdown of nutrients is a good example of this type of reaction

Ninety-six percent of the body mass is made from a. calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, and nitrogen b. carbon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen c. carbon, calcium, hydrogen, and nitrogen d. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

d. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

The nucleus of unstable ___________________ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation. a. compounds b. cations c. anions d. isotopes e. molecules

d. isotopes

Which is not a property of water? a. it is a solvent b. it is a lubricant c. it participates in catabolic and anabolic reactions d. it is a nutrient e. it has a high heat capacity

d. it is a nutrient

Which of the following is (are) formed from nucleotides? 1. RNA 2. DNA 3. ATP a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

e. 1, 2, and 3

If an atom gains an electron it becomes a (an) 1. isotope 2. ion 3. cation 4. anion a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 4 only e. 2 and 4

e. 2 and 4

Which is not true about pH? a. pH is representative of the concentration of hydrogen ions b. pH can indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a substance c. if the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 6, this indicates a 10 fold increase hydrogen d. pH 7 is the midpoint of the scale and indicates equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide e. a solution with a pH of 9 is acidic

e. a solution with a pH of 9 is acidic

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n) a. electrolyte b. salt c. cation d. colloid e. buffer

e. buffer

This is defined as the capacity to do work. a. metabolism b. electrolytes c. chemical reaction d. concentration e. energy

e. energy

Specific arrangements of atoms within an organic molecule that confer characteristic chemical properties upon that molecule are called

functional groups

This type of protein protects against pathogens.

immunological

H2O is a

is a molecule, contains two different elements, is a compound, and is covalently bonded

Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

nucleotides

In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a

partial negative charge

The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called

polar covalent bond

Which of the following are true concerning catalysts? 1. they lower the energy activation requirements for a chemical reaction to occur 2. they become part of the chemical reaction 3. they include enzymes 4. temperature and concentrations of atoms are more effective in speeding up a chemical reaction than catalysts

1 and 3

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? 1. neutron 2. electron 3. proton

2. Electrons only

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)

A Buffer

The first electron shell (nearest the nucleus of an atom) holds a maximum of: A. 1 electron B. 2 electrons C. 4 electrons D. 8 electrons

B. 2 electrons

What distinguishes an atom of one element from an atom of another element? A. the number of electrons B. the number of protons C. the number of neutrons D. the atomic mass

B. the number of protons

Water has polar covalent bonds. Which of the following statements is true of water? A. the electrons are equally distributed around the oxygen and hydrogen atoms B. the nucleus of the hydrogen atoms attracts electrons making the hydrogen end of the molecule negative C. the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative D. the molecule will have a negative charge around both the oxygen and hydrogen nuclei

C. the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative

Atoms are neutral because: A. the number of protons equals the number of neutrons B. the number of electrons equals the number of neutrons C. the number of protons equals the number of electrons

C. the number of protons equals the number of electrons

A covalent bond is formed: A. when one atom gains an electron and another atom loses an electron B. due to the attraction between two ions C. when atoms share one or more electrons D. only when carbohydrates bind to proteins

C. when atoms share one or more electrons

In DNA, a guanine base will form a hydrogen bond with a ribose sugar a deoxyribose sugar a phosphate group a thymine base a cytosine base

Cytosine base

Glucose is to carbohydrates as _______ is to proteins? A. Nucleic acids B. Fructose C. Lipids D. Amino acids E. Polypeptides

D. Amino acids

An atom with 2 or more shells can be described as chemically stable if its valence shell contains _ _. A. one electron B. two electrons C. four electrons D. eight electrons

D. eight electrons

An ionic bond is formed: A. when two atoms share electrons in the formation of a bond B. only in organic substances C. between cells D. when one atom gains an electron and one atom loses an electron in the formation of a bond

D. when one atom gains an electron and one atom loses an electron in the formation of a bond

If an atom gains an electron it becomes a (an) 1. isotope 2. ion 3. cation 4. anion A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 4 only E. 2 and 4

E. 2 and 4 IT BECOMES AN ION AND AN ANION

In DNA, a guanine base will form a hydrogen bond with: A. a ribose sugar B. a deoxyribose sugar C. a phosphate group D. a thymine base E. a cytosine base

E. a cytosine base

The monomer unit of a protein contains: A. a centrally located carbon B. an R side chain that gives specificity C. an acidic carboxyl group D. an amino group E. all of these choices

E. all of these choices

AB + CD → AD + BC is a general example of a(n) _____ reaction.

Exchange

Water has polar covalent bonds. Which of the following statements is true of water? -the electrons are equally distributed around the oxygen and hydrogen atoms -the nucleus of the hydrogen atoms attracts electrons making the hydrogen end of the molecule negative -the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative -the molecule will have a negative charge around both the oxygen and hydrogen nuclei

the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

Polyunsaturated

Blood is a complex body fluid. If a vial of blood is drawn for a blood test and is allowed to sit in a rack for some time, the red blood cells will settle out and drift to the bottom of the tube. This process indicates that at least as far as the blood cells are concerned, blood has the properties of what type of fluid?

Suspension

Within your body, anabolic reactions occur all the time. Cells of the body use the raw materials derived from the foods you eat (which are first digested into smaller molecules by your digestive system), and build new larger molecules from the smaller molecules that are taken into the cell. What is another name for this type of chemical reaction?

Synthesis

Bicarbonate ions regulate the concentration of hydrogen ions in the body by removing excess hydrogen ions or by adding hydrogen ions

TRUE

Which is not true about carbohydrates?

They have mostly ionic bonds

In a DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with _____, while in RNA molecules, adenine pairs with _____ .

Thymine / Uracil

The primary structure of a protein consists of

a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Which is not true about pH?

a solution with a pH of 9 is acidic

A chemical reaction where the reactants combine to form a more complex product is what type of reaction? a. anabolic b. catabolic c. exergonic d. exchange reactions e. none of these choices

a. anabolic

The major lipid used to make cell membranes is a. phospholipid b. triglyceride c. steroid d. cholesterol e. monoglyceride

a. phospholipid

Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom are a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. all of these choices

a. protons

Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?

and enzyme is versatile and able to catalyze many different types of reactions

The monomer unit for collagen, myosin, and hemoglobin is a. a nucleotide b. an amino acid c. a simple sugar d. glycerol and fatty acids

b. an amino acid

An enzyme acts to a. raise the activation energy needed to start the reaction b. lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction c. convert the activation energy into potential energy d. convert the activation energy into kinetic energy e. stop a chemical reaction

b. lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

What distinguishes an atom of one element from an atom of another element? a. the number of electrons b. the number of protons c. the number of neutrons d. the atomic mass

b. the number of protons

The bond between sodium and chloride in NaCl involves a. the sharing of valence electrons b. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another c. the removal of protons from one atom to another d. the addition of neutrons from one atom to another

b. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Which is not true about carbohydrates? a. they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen b. they have mostly ionic bonds c. they include glycogen and cellulose d. their monomer is a simple sugar e. they typically contain hydroxyl groups

b. they have mostly ionic bonds

Water has polar covalent bonds. Which of the following statements is true of water? a. the electrons are equally distributed around the oxygen and hydrogen atoms b. the nucleus of the hydrogen atoms attracts electrons making the hydrogen end of the molecule negative c. the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative d. the molecule will have a negative charge around both the oxygen and hydrogen nuclei

c. the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative

The body's most concentrated form of chemical energy and calories is a. glucose b. protein c. triglyceride d. starch e. glycogen

c. triglyceride

Which of the following substances has a pH closest to 7.0?

cerebrospinal fluid

The monosaccharides glucose and fructose combine to form the disaccharide sucrose by a process known as: A. Dehydration synthesis B. Hydrolysis C. Decomposition D. Hydrogen bonding E. Ionization

A. Dehydration synthesis

A stick of dynamite would be an example of what type of energy? A. Potential B. Chemical

A. Potential

Negatively charged particles found in shells around the nucleus of a particular atom: A. are equal to the number of protons B. are equal to the number of neutrons C. are equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus D. are equal to the atomic mass

A. are equal to the number of protons

The major lipid used to make cell membranes is: A. phospholipid B. triglyceride C. steroid D. cholesterol E. monoglyceride

A. phospholipid

Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom are: A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. all of these choices

A. protons

When table sugar, sucrose, dissolves in water, the water is the: A. solvent B. solute

A. solvent

The monomer unit of a protein contains? a centrally located carbon an R side chain that gives specificity an acidic carboxyl group an amino group all of these choices

All of these choices

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?

Forms backbone of all organic molecules

Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

Hydrogen

The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.

Isotopes

An enzyme acts to

Lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction