A&PII BLOOD

True or False? The number of erythrocytes in a milliliter sample of blood is the same as the number of leukocytes in a milliliter sample of blood. Select one: True False

FALSE

A deficiency of which of the following intermediate cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood? a. Megakaryoblast b. Lymphoblast c. Monoblast d. Myeloblast e. Proerythroblast

a. Megakaryoblast

Which gas, also carried by a hemoglobin, may help regulate blood pressure? a. Nitric oxide b. Nitrogen c. Carbon monoxide d. Carbon dioxide

a. Nitric oxide

An adult patient is brought into the emergency room of a local hospital. The EMTs report the patient lost about 300 cc (cubic centimeters or milliliters) of blood. Is this life-threatening? a. No; most adults have 4-6 liters of blood, so a loss of 300 cc would not be life-threatening. b. Yes; 300 cc represents about 1/6 of the body's total blood volume of 2 liters. c. Yes; 300 cc represents about 1/3 of the blood's volume. d. No; most adults have more than 7 liters of blood, so a loss of 300 cc

a. No; most adults have 4-6 liters of blood, so a loss of 300 cc would not be life-threatening.

Which of the following events occurs when erythrocytes are destroyed? a. The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids. b. Urine output increases. c. Heme is transported by transferrin to the liver. d. Bile is manufactured by the gallbladder. e. Iron is secreted into the bile.

a. The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.

If a young boy is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have a. a disorder of the clotting process. b. an increased erythrocyte count. c. an antigen-antibody reaction. d. an infection of the blood. e. a type of cancer affecting white blood cells.

a. a disorder of the clotting process.

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis? a. Increased environmental O2 levels b. Increased erythropoietin levels c. Increased blood pressure d. Increased CO2 levels e. Increased blood pH

b. Increased erythropoietin levels

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? a. Neutrophil b. Monocyte c. Eosinophil d. Basophil e. Erythrocyte

b. Monocyte

In the platelet release reaction, a. platelets convert to fibrin. b. activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen. c. prostaglandin production is inhibited. d. ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated. e. factor XII is activated.

d. ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.

How would a decrease in the number of megakaryocytes affect blood composition? a. A decrease in the number of megakaryocytes would decrease the number of leukocytes in the blood. b. A decrease in the number of megakaryocytes would decrease the number of immunoglobulins in the blood. c. A decrease in the number of megakaryocytes would decrease the number of fibrinogens in the blood. d. A decrease in megakaryocytes would decrease the number of platelets in the blood.

d. A decrease in megakaryocytes would decrease the number of platelets in the blood.

Which of the following is the most abundant of the plasma proteins? a. Globulins b. Immunoglobulins c. Fibrinogen d. Albumin e. Hemoglobin

d. Albumin

When oxygen binds with hemoglobin, the molecule is called

oxyhemoglobin

Rupture of a red blood cell is called hematopoiesis. Select one: True False

FALSE

True or False? An individual that has both anti-A antibodies and anti-D antibodies is type A+. Select one: True False

FALSE

True or False? Aspirin affects coagulation by disrupting the activity of thrombin. Select one: True False

FALSE

True or False? The affinity of adult hemoglobin for oxygen is greater than the affinity of fetal hemoglobin for oxygen. Select one: True False

FALSE

True or False? Normocytes are red blood cells with a diameter of approximately 7.5 micrometers. Select one: True False

TRUE

True or False? The rate of erythropoiesis when erythropoietin is present is greater than the rate of erythropoiesis when erythropoietin is absent. Select one: True False

TRUE

Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence. (1) Prothrombin → thrombin (2) Fibrinogen → fibrin (3) Activation of factor XII (4) Formation of prothrombinase a. 3, 4, 1, 2 b. 3, 2, 4, 1 c. 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 4, 3, 1, 2 e. 2, 4, 3, 1

a. 3, 4, 1, 2 (3) Activation of factor XII (4) Formation of prothrombinase (1) Prothrombin → thrombin (2) Fibrinogen → fibrin

What role is played by Ceruloplasmin in transportation of iron to red bone marrow to be used by proerythroblasts to start synthesis of respiratory protein called Haemoglobin? a. It converts Ferrous Fe+2 to Ferric Fe+3 b. It directly transports Fe+2 by binding to iron atoms c. It converts Ferric Fe+3 to Ferrous Fe+2 d. It plays no role in iron transportation

a. It converts Ferrous Fe+2 to Ferric Fe+3

Which of the following accurately describes thromboplastin? a. A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the intrinsic clotting pathway b. A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway c. A compound released by healed tissues that initiates clot dissolution d. A compound that keeps platelets from sticking to the endothelium e. A precursor to prothrombin

b. A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) belong to which of the following protein fraction? a. Alpha globulin b. Beta globulin c. Fibrinogen d. Gamma globulin

b. Beta globulin

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order? a. Spleen; blood vessels; bone marrow b. Bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen c. Blood vessels; spleen; bone marrow d. Bone marrow; spleen; blood vessels e. Spleen; blood vessels; spleen

b. Bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

Which ion is necessary for the coagulation process? a. Mg2+ b. Ca2+ c. K+ d. Na+

b. Ca2+

Malaria, haemolytic disease of newborn or erythroblastosis fetalis and antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin lead to which of the following due to increased red blood cells breakdown in circulation. a. Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia b. Cyanosis c. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia d. Hypercartinaemia

b. Cyanosis c. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Choose the arrangement that lists the chemicals in the order in which they would be used for coagulation. (1) Thrombin (2) Fibrinogen (3) Prothrombinase (4) Activated factor XII a. 3, 1, 4, 2 b. 3, 2, 4, 1 c. 4, 3, 1, 2 d. 4, 3, 2, 1 e. 3, 4, 1, 2

c. 4, 3, 1, 2 (4) Activated factor XII (3) Prothrombinase (1) Thrombin (2) Fibrinogen

How much O2 is generally transported in combination with hemoglobin in red blood cells? a. 70% b. 7% c. 98.5% d. 1.5%

c. 98.5%

Match the substance necessary for clotting with its particular role: TISSUE FACTOR A. A mixture of lipoproteins released from injured tissue B. Converts prothrombin to thrombin C. The insoluble protein that forms the network of the clot D. Needed by the liver to produce prothrombin E. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

A. A mixture of lipoproteins released from injured tissue

Read the two statements and use the following key to choose the best answer. A. The first item is greater than the second item. B. The first item is less than the second item. C. The first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) The number of erythrocytes in a milliliter sample of blood (2) The number of leukocytes in a milliliter sample of blood

A. The first item is greater than the second item.

Read the two statements and use the following key to choose the best answer. A. The first item is greater than the second item. B. The first item is less than the second item. C. The first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) The rate of erythropoiesis when erythropoietin is present (2) The rate of erythropoiesis when erythropoietin is absent

A. The first item is greater than the second item.

Read the two statements and use the following key to choose the best answer. A. The first item is greater than the second item. B. The first item is less than the second item. C. The first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) The affinity of adult hemoglobin for oxygen (2) The affinity of fetal hemoglobin for oxygen

B. The first item is less than the second item.

Match the substance necessary for clotting with its particular role: FIBRIN A. A mixture of lipoproteins released from injured tissue B. Converts prothrombin to thrombin C. The insoluble protein that forms the network of the clot D. Needed by the liver to produce prothrombin E. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

C. The insoluble protein that forms the network of the clot

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) / erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when a. an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. b. an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. c. an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. d. an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus.

a. an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

In hemolytic disease of the newborn, a. antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus. b. hemolysis of white blood cells may occur. c. antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta and affect the mother. d. fibrin is hydrolyzed. e. the mother frequently dies during childbirth.

a. antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus.

Fibrinolysis is responsible for a. clot dissolution. b. activation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. c. activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. d. clot retraction. e. clot consolidation.

a. clot dissolution.

Blood is a type of_________tissue. a. connective b. areolar c. glandular d. epithelial

a. connective

The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when_________ comes into contact with collagen. a. factor XII b. factor VII c. factor X d. factor III e. calcium

a. factor XII

Hemocytoblasts a. give rise to all formed elements in the blood. b. are found in yellow bone marrow. c. are specialized cells. d. are abundant in the plasma. e. precursor cells to form glial cells

a. give rise to all formed elements in the blood.

The function of plasmin is to a. hydrolyze fibrin. b. control osmotic pressure of the blood. c. activate factor XII. d. promote platelet plug formation. e. promote the formation of plasma.

a. hydrolyze fibrin.

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the_________. a. neutrophil b. basophil c. eosinophil d. monocyte e. lymphocyte

a. neutrophil

Plasma is_________ while formed elements are_________. a. the liquid portion of blood; the cells b. lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality c. a blood gas; blood clots d. the cellular portion of blood; acellular components e. mostly protein; the matrix

a. the liquid portion of blood; the cells

In the extrinsic pathway, damaged tissues release_________. a. thromboplastin (tissue factor III) b. activated factor V c. calcium d. factor VII e. factor XII

a. thromboplastin (tissue factor III)

A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(n)_________. a. thrombus b. embolus c. prostacyclin d. anticoagulant e. hemorrhage

a. thrombus

Which of the following descriptions of a blood sample is most accurate? a. The ratio of red blood cells to white b. Most of the cells that can be identified are red blood cells, with much fewer white blood cells. c. White blood cells, usually much smaller than red blood cells, are represented in much lower numbers than platelets. d. Platelets are usually present in higher numbers than red blood cells, but lower numbers than white blood cells.

b. Most of the cells that can be identified are red blood cells, with much fewer white blood cells.

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient? a. Type B b. Type AB c. Type A d. Type O

b. Type AB

Mike has blood type A. He needs blood; however, blood type A is not available. The next best choice would be blood type_________. a. AB b. O c. B

b. Type O

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma, a. the antibodies dissolve b. agglutination of erythrocytes occurs. c. coagulation occurs. d. hemolysis of leukocytes may occur. e. the blood group changes.

b. agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.

When defective erythrocytes are broken down, a. their iron is excreted into the small b. bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin. c. their components cannot be recycled. d. they are removed from the blood by the lungs. e. their heme groups are converted into amino acids.

b. bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.

The combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is_________. a. carboxyhemoglobin b. carbaminohemoglobin c. deoxyhemoglobin d. oxyhemoglobin

b. carbaminohemoglobin

Erythropoietin a. is produced by the red bone marrow. b. is secreted by the kidney. c. is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells. d. inhibits the production of erythrocytes. e. is produced in response to increased blood pressure.

b. is secreted by the kidney.

During platelet plug formation, a. vitamin K production increases. b. platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels. c. thrombin is released from endothelial cells. d. platelets multiply.

b. platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.

Red blood cells will develop from_________. a. lymphoblasts b. proerythroblasts c. megakaryoblasts d. monoblasts e. myeloblasts

b. proerythroblasts

An increase in hemoglobin increases a. the osmotic pressure of the blood. b. the ability of the blood to carry O2 to various tissues. c. the leukocyte count. d. the quantity of plasma protein available for blood clotting. e. the body's immune response.

b. the ability of the blood to carry O2 to various tissues.

Agglutination of red blood cells means a. they rupture. b. they clump together. c. they bump into each other. d. they lose their nucleus.

b. they clump together.

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

bicarbonate ion

Platelets a. are also known as thrombocytes. b. can become sticky when exposed to connective tissue c. All of the choices are correct. d. play a role in preventing blood loss b forming Primary Hemostatic Plugs e. are actually fragments of cells.

c. All of the choices are correct.

Antibodies are derived from which of the following types of proteins? a. Fibrinogen b. Beta globulins c. Gamma globulins d. Alpha globulins

c. Gamma globulins

Ginger had her blood analyzed and was informed that both anti-B and anti-D antibodies were present. Which of the following statements accurately explains her test results which can subject her second pregnancy to be at risk for Haemolytic disease of the newborn or erythroblastosis fetalis? a. Ginger is type B+ and has not been exposed or sensitized to the B nor the D antigens. b. Ginger is most likely O− and though she has been exposed to the B and D antigen, she has not been exposed to the A

c. Ginger has type A− blood and has been exposed or sensitized to the D antigen at some time in her life.

Which plasma protein is correctly matched to its function? a. Fibrinogen - transport of fatty acids b. Albumin- helps to fight infection c. Globulin - transport and immunity d. Globulin - blood clotting

c. Globulin - transport and immunity

Select from the following list a type of alpha globulin? a. Transferrin b. Complement proteins c. Haptoglobin d. Coagulation proteins

c. Haptoglobin

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function? a. Plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting b. Erythrocytes - transport oxygen c. Platelets - phagocytize bacteria d. Monocytes - become macrophages e. Leukocytes - protect against disease

c. Platelets - phagocytize bacteria

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in_________. a. maintenance b. transportation c. Protection in the form of immunity d. communication

c. Protection in the form of immunity

Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell? a. Monocyte b. Thrombocyte c. Reticulocyte d. Leukocyte e. Erythrocyte

c. Reticulocyte

The condition characterized by overproduction of erythrocytes is called_________. a. thalassemia b. anemia c. erythrocytosis d. leukemia e. hemophilia

c. erythrocytosis

A person with type B blood a. has anti-B antibodies. b. has antigen A. c. has anti-A antibodies . d. will have a transfusion reaction if given type B blood. e. can receive type A blood.

c. has anti-A antibodies .

Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to a. All the choices are correct. b. decreased rate of globin breakdown. c. increased bilirubin in his circulatory system. d. increased heme in his circulatory system. e. increased globin in his circulatory system.

c. increased bilirubin in his circulatory system.

Iron a. prevents carbon monoxide from binding to hemoglobin. b. is a plasma coagulation factor. c. is needed to produce hemoglobin. d. is the binding site for carbon dioxide on the hemoglobin molecule. e. interferes with the normal function of hemoglobin.

c. is needed to produce hemoglobin.

The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the_________. a. RBCs b. thrombocytes c. leukocytes d. erythrocytes e. platelets

c. leukocytes

Bilirubin a. is formed from the globin groups of hemoglobin. b. is found in white blood cells. c. may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice. d. may be reused in erythropoiesis. e. is made from bile.

c. may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice.

Neutrophils are derived from a population of intermediate cells called_________. a. megakaryoblasts b. monoblasts c. myeloblasts d. lymphoblasts e. proerythroblasts

c. myeloblasts

When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type, a. hemorrhaging occurs. b. the white cells clot. c. the erythrocytes agglutinate. d. fibrinogen is activated. e. they bleed to death.

c. the erythrocytes agglutinate.

Each hemoglobin molecule a. contains two polypeptide chains. b. has one heme group. c. transports four oxygen molecules. d. has two iron atoms and two globin chains. e. transports one oxygen molecule.

c. transports four oxygen molecules.

The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a blood vessel. This is known as_________. a. coagulation b. platelet adhesion c. vascular spasm d. hemostasis

c. vascular spasm

Which protein forms a bridge between exposed vessel wall collagen and platelet surface receptors? a. Fibrinogen b. Endothelin c. von Willebrand factor d. Thromboxanes

c. von Willebrand factor

Why would a person have anti-Rh antibodies present in their blood? a. An Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. b. A person cannot have anti-Rh antibodies in their blood. c. They are Rh-positive and were exposed to Rh-negative blood. d. An Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

d. An Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

Hypoalbuminaemia or extremely low albumin could result in which of the following conditions? a. Pallor b. Jaundice c. Cyanosis d. Edema

d. Edema

In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop? a. Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh negative b. Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh negative c. Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh positive d. Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive e. Mother is Rh positive; father is Rh positive

d. Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive

Which white blood cells function primarily as phagocytotic cells? a. Eosinophils and monocytes b. Monocytes and lymphocytes c. Basophils and neutrophils d. Neutrophils and monocytes

d. Neutrophils and monocytes

Which vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B3 d. Vitamin K

d. Vitamin K

A person with an increased eosinophil count might be suffering from_________. a. a chronic bacterial infection b. a viral infection c. an acute bacterial infection d. a parasitic worm infection e. a head cold

d. a parasitic worm infection

Mature erythrocytes a. are actually just cellular fragments. b. do not contain protein. c. have a centrally located nucleus. d. contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm. e. mature from cells called megakaryocytes.

d. contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm.

The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and squeeze between gaps presented by endothelial tissues that have been injured due to traumatic, infectious or autoimmune events is called_________. a. margination b. exocytosis c. intrusion d. diapedesis e. chemotaxis

d. diapedesis

Type AB blood a. has both A and B antibodies in the plasma. b. has no antigens on the red cells. c. has O antigens on the red cells. d. has both A and B antigens on the red cells.

d. has both A and B antibodies on the red cells.

Coumadin (Warfarin) a. blocks the action of factor X. b. is produced by eosinophils. c. dissolves blood clots. d. is a potent anticoagulant. e. promotes coagulation.

d. is a potent anticoagulant.

Macrophages are derived from_________. a. eosinophils b. neutrophils c. basophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes

d. monocytes

Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas which avidly binds to ----------- of iron (Fe) thus a person gets leading disoriented,, coma and death due to severe tissue hypoxia. a. nitric oxide binding sites b. carbon dioxide binding sites c. globin chain binding sites d. oxygen binding sites

d. oxygen binding sites

An increased amount of heparin in the blood might a. enhance the clotting process. b. stop the clotting process. c. have no effect on the clotting process. d. slow down the clotting process. e. speed up the clotting process.

d. slow down the clotting process.

Urobilinogen derived from conjugated bilirubin is responsible for giving typical amber colour to a. Faeces b. blood c. skin d. urine

d. urine

Plasma a. is serum plus formed elements. b. transports waste products but not nutrients. c. is one of the formed elements. d. accounts for less than half of the blood volume. e. Is the liquid matrix of the blood.

e. Is the liquid matrix of the blood.

Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description? a. Neutrophils - most numerous WBCs b. Basophils - release histamine c. Eosinophils - attack worm parasites d. Monocytes - largest of the WBCs e. Lymphocytes - become macrophages

e. Lymphocytes - become macrophages

When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last? a. Platelets are activated via platelet release reaction b. Collagen is exposed. c. von Willebrand factor is produced from endothelial cells for platelet adherence d. Platelets adhere to collagen. e. Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug called platelet aggregation

e. Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug called platelet aggregation

Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase? a. Increased exercise accelerated erythropoiesis due to overstimulation by higher levels of Erythropoietin hormone released from renal tissue. b. The increased metabolic rate seen at higher altitudes accelerated erythropoiesis due to overstimulation by higher levels of Erythropoietin hormone released from renal tissue. c. The lower temperature present at highe

e. The lower O2 concentration and hypoxia seen at higher altitudes accelerated erythropoiesis due to overstimulation by higher levels of Erythropoietin hormone released from renal tissue.

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is_________. a. fibrinolysis b. Na+ c. albumin d. globulin e. fibrinogen

e. fibrinogen

Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by a. making the platelet surface less sticky. b. stimulating the release of heparin. c. blocking the binding of platelets to collagen. d. blocking the effects of serotonin. e. interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.

e. interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.

When large quantities of blood are lost, erythrocytes must be replaced to restore a. thrombin levels. b. the body's ability to fight infection. c. normal blood pH. d. iron levels. e. oxygen-carrying capacity.

e. oxygen-carrying capacity.

The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called_________. a. carboxyhemoglobin b. deoxyhemoglobin c. carbaminohemoglobin d. loaded hemoglobin e. oxyhemoglobin

e. oxyhemoglobin

RhoGam injections are given to a. activate fetal Rh antigens. b. protect the father. c. desensitize the fetus.. d. change the mother's blood type. e. prevent sensitization of the mother.

e. prevent sensitization of the mother.

The hematocrit is a. an estimate of blood flow/hour. b. the number of RBCs in the body. c. the amount of hemoglobin by weight in the blood. d. the number of WBCs per mm3. e. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.

e. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.

During platelet plug formation, platelets release_________ and endothelial cells release_________, which lead to vasoconstriction. a. erythropoietin; thromboxane b. thromboxane; histamine c. endothelin; thromboxane d. histamine; heparin e. thromboxane; endothelin

e. thromboxane; endothelin

Hemoglobin a. is only used once then decomposed. b. is normally found in both the plasma and erythrocytes. c. gives white blood cells their color. d. catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid. e. transports O2 in the blood.

e. transports O2 in the blood.

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with a. type B blood. b. any type of blood. c. type AB blood. d. type A blood. e. type O blood.

e. type O blood.