A&PII-MUELLER Exam 5 Sample Questions

Correct chronological order for the steps in the humoral response

1. A cell such as a macrophage that has encountered and ingested a pathogen, present an antigen from that pathogen to a CD4 T-cell

Correct chronological order for the steps in the humoral response

2. CD4 T-cells divide into helpers and memory types

Correct chronological order for the steps in the humoral response

3. Helper CD4 T-cells activate B lymphocytes, many of which proliferate and become plasma cells

Correct chronological order for the steps in the humoral response

4. Plasma cells secrete antibodies into body fluids which may bind to antigen and target pathogens for destruction.

parasympathetic

During arousal, in the female, increased secretion of the Bartholin's glands is a _______ event.

The functionalis layer of the endometrium is shed, and then re-grows

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle __________.

A maturing follicle is found on the ovary

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle _____________.

The endometrium is thick and this thickness is maintained until 2 days until the end of the phase

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle __________.

Parasympathetic; Sympathetic

During the male sexual response cycle, arousal is a _______ event, and ejaculation is a _______ event.

Barrier defenses

Refers not only to epithelial tissues but to their secretions such as tears

Complement cascade

Refers to a set of proteins that can function as enzymes. Some of the proteins can form a pore that penetrates the cell membrane of a pathogen (causing it to die)

Phagocytosis

Refers to engulfing of foreign (or dying) cells by various kinds of white blood cells

True statement about the thymus

T lymphocytes that don't attack self, and do attack foreign material, are selected for survival

Spermatogonium

The cell of the seminiferous tubule that divides by mitosis (resulting in a primary spermatocyte and a cell that remains a parent cell) is the _______.

Interstitial Cells of Leydig

The cells (located between the seminiferous tubules) that produce testosterone (in response to stimulation by LH) are the ______.

Interstital fluid

The composition of the lymphatic fluid is most like what other body fluid?

Menopause

The decline in ovarian production of estrogen - accompanied by cessation of ovulation - is referred to as ________.

Thoracic Duct, Left Subclavian Vein

The lower extremities and pelvis, left thoracic region, left upper extremity, and left side of the head/neck are ultimately drained by the ________ which empties its contents into the ________.

Stratified squamous

The narrowest and inferior-most portion of the uterus is the cervix. The side of the cervix that faces the vaginal canal is especially prone to "new growths" including cancer, especially if infected with HPV. The epithelium (when healthy) of this part of the cervix is a ______________ epithelium.

Cell-Mediated

"Specific Immunity" comes in the forms of the "cell-mediated" response and the "humoral (antibody-mediated)" responses. When a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (T8) has been shown an antigen from an abnormal self-cell, and it then seeks out and destroys other abnormal self-cells showing that same antigen, this process is part of which response?

An oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and thecal cells

An ovarian follicle consists of _______.

White cells are mostly lymphocytes, with more B than T lymphocytes

Best describes the contents of a lymph node

Fimbriae

The tentacles of the open end of the uterine tube is the ______.

a spike in LH levels

The trigger for ovulation, which marks the transition from follicular to luteal phase, is marked by what hormonal event?

A columnar epithelium, with some collated and others not ciliated

The uterine tube is lined with a _______.

Endometrium

The zona functionalis can change in thickness and is a sub-layer of the _______ layer of the uterine wall.

Inflammation

This process is triggered non-specifically, meaning not targeted by the type of antigen, but because it's primary means of efficacy are increased blood flow and increased capillary permeability it does allow more B lymphocytes to the site, which could aid antibody-mediated immunity as well

Fever

This process may make it more difficult to divide/multiply because some of their enzymes may be impaired

Tissue spaces would become edematous (swollen) if not drained by lymphatic vessels

Why is it important that the lymphatic vessels return a portion of the ISF (that is generated each day) back to the blood?