Ab Psy Test 3 Study Guide

At lower levels, alcohol ______ certain brain cells and activates the brain's pleasure areas. At _____ alcohol depresses brain functioning.

stimulates; higher levels

Question: Camilla has repeatedly missed class this semester due to being hung over, even though she only drinks on Monday and Wednesday nights. Given that she also missed the final exam and therefore failed the course, it would be enough to diagnose her with a Substance Use Disorder according to the current DSM criteria.

true

Substance use in hazardous situations, such as driving under the influence each weekend, would be consistent with DSM criteria for substance abuse disorder, even if the teen is not caught.

true

Whereas persons with anorexia by definition are below minimally normal weight (based on height, build, age), persons with bulimia are usually normal weight or above.

true

In the past 12 months, Paul, an 18-year-old college freshman, has been arrested for underage drinking at a tail gating event, and then again at a house party with some older buddies. In addition, Paul says he has driven home drunk from the bar "more times than he can count", and his girlfriend broke up with him due to his excessive partying. Finally, despite feeling a lot of remorse and guilt about his behavior, Paul reports multiple failed attempts to cut down on his drinking habits, and he has cravings for alcohol. Based on this information, you would consider (pick the BEST diagnosis):

Diagnosing Pau with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), since he clearly can't handle his drinking

Compared to most psychiatric disorders, the causes of the major eating disorders (Anorexia and Bulimia) seem to be...

Disproportionately related to sociological influences, such as media (pressures, ideals), rather than biological (genetic) influences

What is the lifetime prevalence rate for alcohol abuse?

13.4%

Question: As discussed in class, the age of onset of substance use has implications for risk of developing an addiction or other negative outcomes. For example, according to the results of a national survey of 43,093 adults, ______ % of those who begin drinking alcohol before the age of 14 become alcohol dependent at some time in their lives, compared with 9 percent of those who wait at least until age 21.

47%

Alcohol is:

A substance that can act as a depressant or a stimulant depending on the amount/level, specifically the level of the substance in the blood.

As discussed in class, the Bio-Social theory of Borderline Personality Disorder (introduced by Marsha Linehan) states that:

An emotional sensitivity (that is physiologically based) interacts with an invalidating environment

Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorder share many traits such as: having difficulty with impulse control and being highly sensation-seeking.

true

Which of the following personality disorder is MOST associated with impulsive behaviors (disinhibition) and disregard for norms in society, including a high co-occurrence of problematic substance use?

Anti social personality disorder

From the lectures and discussions, eating disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse are all very hard to treat. Which of the following is a reason for why all these disorders are difficult to treat?

All of these are reasons why the disorders are difficult to treat The person with the disorder may not want to change The disorder is ingrained, i.e., part of their identity By definition (of the disorder) they may not think there is a problem, i.e., they don't feel there is a problem to be treated!

Which of the following is true about Anorexia?

All of these are true about Anorexia Anorexia is extremely rare (<1% of the population suffers from anorexia) Anorexia can be very difficult to treat because the person (by definition) does not have an accurate perception of their weight and size (so they don't recognize the medical emergency). Anorexia is more common among women than among men

Question: Anne is a 21-year-old underweight (significantly below expected weight for her age, build, and height) female who presents with the following symptoms: Refusal to maintain minimally normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, severe body image disturbance, denial of how underweight and thin she is. For the past year, Anne has also regularly engaged in binge-eating of small amounts of food (half of an apple and some walnuts) and has been purging by self-induced vomiting. Which diagnosis (and its specific subtype) would be accurate according to the DSM and your slides?

Anorexia - Binge-eating/purging type

Regarding the age of onset and gender differences associated with Eating Disorders, which of the following is true?

Anorexia usually develops between ages 13-16

Which of the following is the most typical "cause" or risk factor for the development of a "Drive for thinness" that is associated with the Eating Disorders?

Being teased for being overweight

Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder tend to have which of the following descriptive 'symptoms' or characteristics?

Grandiosity, preoccupation with receiving attention, self-promoting, lacks empathy

Regarding alcohol, ALL of the following are false EXCEPT:

Mixing liquors/beer will lead to more intoxication.

Someone with long-standing pervasive pattern of grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements, and expects to be recognized as superior without achievements to back it up), preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success and power, envy, and who requires excessive admiration in addition to having a sense of entitlement, arrogance, and who lacks empathy (all of which gets in the way of functioning) would most likely fit the diagnosis of:

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

The features that are shared by ALL the personality disorders are: (Pick the BEST description that would fit all the personality disorders).

Pervasive, inflexible, stable/of long duration, and causes distress and impairment across at least two settings

A person with Antisocial Personality Disorder can best be described by which of the following:

Someone who is deceitful and manipulative, often breaks rules or violates norms (including criminal behavior) without regard for others, but can also be charming to get what they want.

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of someone diagnosed with Paranoid Personality Disorder?

Suspiciousness and mistrust of others

Often when a disorder is difficult to treat (or where the risk of dropping out of treatment is high) we attribute that difficulty, in part, to the patient's lack of insight. Lack of insight refers to:

The patient's inability to acknowledge that they even have a disorder, and unwillingness to see their behavior as problematic

Question: Which of the following is a true statement about substance use and SUDs in the United States?

The risks associated with substance use include increased mortality and morbidity related to impaired driving, unsafe sexual practices, and aggressive behavior

Individuals with eating disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders have many things in common, the most problematic and challenging of which is:

They are typically resistant to treatment and will deny the need to change anything in their behavior

Researchers have tried to identify risk factors for developing substance use problems and they have found that persons at high risk for drug abuse often have lives that are marked by which of the following?

all are risk factors poverty illiteracy/difficulty in school maltreatment/family violence

According to the text and lectures, which disorder has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder?

anorexia nervosa

Tim is a 21 year-old male. Tim has difficulty separating from significant others in relationships, is intensely uncomfortable being alone, and has difficulty making up his mind without relying on the opinions of others. Which DSM diagnosis best describes Tim?

dependent personality disorder

Which of the following disorders is most likely to engage in out of control binge-eating without any purging etc., after?

binge eating disorder

A famous researcher/psychologist once noted that "Individuals with ________________ are the psychological equivalent of a third-degree burn victims. They simply have, so-to-speak, no emotional skin. Even the slightest touch or movement (metaphorically speaking) can create immense suffering."

borderline personality disorder

Some individual have biological (genetic) and individual (poor coping skills) vulnerabilities that put them at risk for developing a substance use disorder if they are exposed to a significant stressor, such as a break-up. This model or theory of how a substance use disorder develops (i.e., genetic predisposition is triggered by a stressor) is called:

diathesis stress model

Among the Personality Disorders, the group consisting of Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder is also called:

cluster C

Question: In individuals with Bulimia Nervosa, the DSM notes that _______________________________behaviors are behaviors that are intended to prevent weight gain following a binge episode. Examples are self-induced vomiting (purging) or over-exercising.

compensatory

Question: Which of the following is NOT part of the diagnostic criteria for Anorexia for women?

loss of menstrual period

Which of the following fits our DSM definition of a binge episode?

episode of overeating that must involve an objectively large amount of food (more than most people would eat under the circumstances) AND lack of control

All of the following are chronic symptoms of alcohol abuse except for:

euphoric highs

In research studies, there is no significant relationship between number of drinks consumed per week and grades.

false

One thing that eating disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders have in common is that they are impossible to treat effectively.

false

Programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous is a form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

false

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for the development of a Substance Use Disorder?

few expectations from the world

Julie has always been known to her friends as a "drama queen." She is over-concerned with her her attractiveness and often seeks out attention wherever she goes. If Julie is unable to get enough attention she tends to react with intense irritability and temper tantrums. According to the DSM, Julie most likely meets criteria for which Personality Disorder?

histrionic personality disorder

Which of the following fits our definition of tolerance as it pertains to substance use disorders?

need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance both b and c

According to the slides, by age 10, ____% of girls have been on a diet.

more than 80

Sandy is a 19 year-old college student. Sandy's friends describe her as a perfectionist in all areas of life and as someone who has extreme difficulty relaxing and having fun. Sandy often struggles to openly express her feelings, to the point that most people describe her as "cold." What DSM personality disorder best describes Sandy?

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Research suggests that personality exists _____, rather than_____.

on a continuum; as a dichotomy

As discussed during our lecture on eating disorders, ________________________ is the voluntary use of vomiting or laxatives to specifically rid the body of food.

purging

All of the following are examples of compensatory behaviors associated with Bulimia EXCEPT:

refusal to eat

Maria is a 20-year-old college junior. She only "parties" on weekends, mostly by using alcohol. When she drinks, she tends to drink more than she intended (four or five drinks instead of "one beer"), and she uses her sister's ID to purchase the drinks in the bar. When the bar closes, Maria typically catches a ride from one of her buddies (whoever is the "least intoxicated") or drives herself home. The next day, she sleeps and tries to cure her hangover. Her drinking is interfering with her relationships, especially with her parents and her roommates, but also causes problems in terms of keeping up with school and work. In addition to the problems with substance use, Maria has always had very intense relationships with others, and even when she is sober she tends to vacillate between love and hate. She also has a very poor sense of self and does not really feel that she has an "identity". She describes this feeling as "empty". When under stress, it appears Maria is unable to cope, and often resorts to self-harm (cutting) or substance use to regulate her emotions, which are often intense. She also engages in other impulsive and wreckless behavior, mostly related to spending and sex. People who care about Maria have brought their concerns to her attention, but she refuses to discuss them or seek treatment. This results in others "distancing" themselves from Maria, at which point she does everything in her power to avoid the perceived abandonment. She desperately wants to be like others, and she cares a lot about the feelings of others and always shows genuine regret when she has hurt someone due to her drinking or due to her inappropriate anger. Given these symptoms, and the chronic nature of Maria's problems, she meets criteria for which of the following?

substance use disorder and borderline personality disorder

Physiological withdrawal (from a substance) can be manifested in different ways, specifically by experiencing sickness, tremors, or other withdrawal symptoms, or it can be identified by:

the patient's need to take the substance (or similar drug) in order to avoid withdrawal