Abigail's Quiz 2 Review

lobbying

acting to persuade or educate policymakers to respond positively to a particular position on an issue or to follow a particular course of legislative, regulatory, or funding activity

Accountability

an ethical duty stating that one should be answerable legally, morally, ethically, or socially for one's activities

veracity

an ethical duty to tell the truth

beneficence

an ethical principle of compassion and patient advocacy, stating that one should do good and prevent or avoid doing harm

Deontology

an ethical theory stating that moral rule is binding

Ultitarianism

an ethical theory stating that the best decision is one that brings about the greatest good for most people

Conflict

an experience in which there is simultaneous arousal of 2 or more incompatible motives

negative communication

behaviors that block or impair effective communication

positive communication

behaviors that enhance effective communication

Fidelity is based on the virtue of _________.

caring

Relaying information using words, letters, symbols, or body language is referred to as _______.

communication

_____________ refers to the act of limiting disclosure of private matters.

confidentiality

values

customs, ideas of life, and ways of behaving that society regards as desirable

When a client expresses doubt whether a complicated procedure will actually help his condition, the nurse best avoids blocking the communication by providing what response?

"What makes you doubt that your condition will benefit from having the procedure done?

ANA works with _______________ lawmakers to advocate on nursing priorities

federal

Local health policy

- Cities or counties offer a variety of health care services to meet the needs of their residents - Examples include free or reduced-rate immunizations, tobacco-free public buildings, safe drinking water, enforcement of seat belt and child restraint laws, and provision of an emergency medical system

Health Policy Development Definition

- Complex, dynamic process; occurs in various ways - Enactment of legislation and accompanying rules and regulations that carry the weight of law - Administrative decisions made by various governmental agencies - Judicial decisions that interpret the law Involves numerous individuals and groups - Elected officials - Officials from governmental agencies - Experts in the related area - Stakeholders such as corporate representatives - Representatives from special interest groups - Other affected citizens - involves all 3 branches of the government

the health policy development involves many individuals and groups what are they?

- Elected officials - Officials from governmental agencies - Experts in the related area - Stakeholders such as corporate representatives - Representatives from special interest groups - Other affected citizens

Sheppard-Towner Act

- Funded prenatal and child health centers (1921) - First federal policy to provide funding

Federal Health Policy

- Funds health-related research - Funds education for health professionals, including nurses and physicians - Pays for health care through Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, and the Veterans Administration health care system - Plays a monumental role in shaping nursing practice - Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010)

Healthcare reform

- General term used to refer to policy initiatives to effect significant changes in how health care is delivered and paid for - Historic health care reform legislation has become a reality with passage of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 - Provides for affordable and accessible health care coverage for all Americans

State Health Policy

- Governs nursing through nurse practice act - Provides "invisible services" through regulatory activities •Maintaining a safe meat supply through livestock inspections •Ensuring safe food storage and preparation in restaurants Ensuring that health care facilities provide safe, quality care

Examples of ANA's Current Policy Issues

- Health system transformation - Nursing workforce development - Gun violence - Opioid epidemic - Safe staffing - Home health - Workplace violence - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) production

steps in the legislative process

- Include introduction, committee action, House and/or Senate action, and presidential action - Very complex and convoluted process, with only a fraction of legislation that is introduced actually making it through the final process to become law - Once a bill becomes law, implementation falls under jurisdiction of one of the departments of the executive branch - Implementation of new legislation often can be very different from what was intended when the bill was passed by Congress

What observations made by the nurse manager indicate that a nurse demonstrated positive conflict management interventions when a patient's family member angrily accuses the nurse of neglecting the patient's need to be ambulated more frequently?

- Kept refocusing the discussion to the patient's needs associated with ambulation - Moved the discussion to the privacy of the patient's room - Kept culturally appropriate eye contact with the family member while discussing the issues

Legislation and Health Policy Development

- Legislative process fundamental to movement from a public problem to a viable program - Societal problems that may qualify for a policy solution are those brought to the attention of a policymaker who is willing to take definitive action through the policy process - Analysis of issues for potential policy development - Public perception of the problem - Definition of the problem - Societal consequences and number of people affected - Degree of support and opposition from stakeholders

Four major recommendations of the IOM future of nursing report

- Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training - Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system - Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other health care professionals, in redesigning health care - Effective workforce planning and policymaking require better data collection and information infrastructure

Definition of Politics

- Process by which the decisions of others are influenced and control over situations and events is exerted - Influence is the common denominator in any definition of politics - Forms of political influence include money, knowledge, relationships, information, talent, and control over large groups of votes

How does computerized provider order entry (CPOE) contribute to the prevention of medical errors?

- Providing real time checks of intervention related activities - Tracking of adverse patient focused events - Improving communication between members of the health care team - Providing support in the decision-making process

Grassroots Political Strategies

- Registering to vote and voting in all elections - Joining a professional nursing organization - Working in candidates' campaigns - Attending a "meet the candidates" town hall meeting - Visiting with policymakers or their staff - Communicating with policymakers by e-mail, fax, and phone

health policy definition

- Set course of action taken by governments or health care organizations to obtain desired health outcome - Private health policy is made by health care organizations such as hospitals and managed care organizations - Public health policy refers to local, state, and federal legislation; regulation; and court rulings that govern the behavior of individuals and organizations in the provision of health care services

Nonmaleficence

- an ethical principle stating the duty to not inflict harm - Implies a duty not to inflict harm - To abstain from injuring others - To help others further their own well-being by removing harm

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) (1983)

- has to do with reimbursement and codes, how health care professionals get paid

Hill-Burton Act (1950)

- known as the hospital survey and construction act - Provided federal funding for hospital construction, nurses went to work in hospitals

Nurse practice acts and registration of nurses was implemented in most states by ?

1910

Which scenario demonstrates a nurse engaging in value clarification?

A nurse reflects on the question, "What would be important to me if I was told my cancer was terminal?"

health policy

A set course of action undertaken by governments or health care organizations in order to achieve a particular health outcome. Private health policy is made by health care organizations, such as hospitals, whereas public health policy refers to local, state, and federal legislation, regulation, and court rulings that govern health care within a certain arena.

Implementation of the plan

requires political action and a set of strategies

information technology

the hardware and software that enable information to be stored, retrieved, communicated, and managed

perception

the manner in which one sees reality

Health Policy Development definition

Complex, dynamic process; occurs in various ways - Enactment of legislation and accompanying rules and regulations that carry the weight of law - Administrative decisions made by various governmental agencies - Judicial decisions that interpret the law

Nursing's primary concern related to the appropriate use of social media is to preserve what?

Confidentiality

A proposed city ordinance is pending with the local government that will require public buildings and restaurants to be smoke and tobacco free. Which action by the nurse should have the greatest effect on passage of the bill?

Contact the elected representative's office by phone to request support for the bill

What is the most likely reason a 9-year-old child cries and refuses to cooperate with an injection?

The child's past experiences with injections

What important change have nurses implemented regarding their clinical care of patients was required by the use of point-of-care technology?

Becoming proficient users of the electronic tools

A key piece of the health care reform legislation is the opportunity for states to develop State Health Insurance Exchanges (SHIEs), which are what?

a set of state regulated and standardized health care plans from which individuals may purchase health insurance eligible for federal subsidies

Innovative payment models

Authorized to improve the quality of health care and reduce costs •Reduced payments for "never events" •Value-based purchasing program •Reducing readmissions initiative •Accountable care organizations •Medical Home Models •Episode-based payment initiatives

electronic health record interoperability

EHR systems that have ability to share and transfer patient data seamlessly across health care systems and settings in a standardized manner that protects the reliability, confidentiality, privacy, and security of the information

local health policy examples

Examples include free or reduced-rate immunizations, tobacco-free public buildings, safe drinking water, enforcement of seat belt and child restraint laws, and provision of an emergency medical system

code of ethics

a set of statements encompassing rules that apply to people in professional roles

The primary goals of good relationship building and client care are best achieved when all members of the interprofessional care team have achieved what?

Have developed a trusting nurse-client relationship

which report calls attention to the essentiality of nursing in reforming the health care system?

IOM future of nursing report

_____________ ___________ is the right to have all pertinent information before making a decision.

Informed consent

What is the most important concept to remember when using both verbal and nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal messages are accepted as true more often than verbal ones

grassroots lobbying

Personal advocacy by individual constituents- everyday citizens - in support of a problem/position/option related to a policy issue

_____________ and ______________ are systematic approaches to address health care and nursing laws

Policy process and nursing process

___________ is a necessary part of the policy process when multiple interest groups compete to achieve individual goals

Politics

How can nursing best ensure effective use of point-of-care advanced technologies in the future?

Potential clients must be well educated concerning the use and reliability of health care technologies.

___________ refers to the right of an individual to keep information about himself or herself from being disclosed to anyone else.

Privacy

The American Nurses Association (ANA)

Representing the interests of the nation's 4 million registered nurses, ANA is the voice of U.S. nursing. ANA advances the profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting a safe and ethical work environment, bolstering the health and wellness of nurses, and advocating on health care issues that affect nurses and the public. ANA is at the forefront of improving the quality of health care for all

What is the most effective way to assess the accuracy of information obtained from the Internet?

Research several different sources while comparing the information for similarities

In the clinical setting which example of the meaningful use of electronic health records has the greatest impact on the delivery of care by the nurse?

Reviewing physical therapy notes before attending a patient's interprofessional care team meeting

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

The longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting; has the ability to support other care-related activity such as evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reportin

constituent

a citizen who has the opportunity to vote for candidates in elections for representation at the local, state, and federal levels

EHR "meaningful use"

a defined set of EHR capabilities and standards that EHR systems must meet to ensure that their full capacity is realized and for the users to qualify for financial incentives from Medicare

policymaker

a local, state, or federally elected or appointed official who can propose and directly affect legislation, regulations, or programs that can become actualized

Stakeholders

individuals, groups, and organizations who have a vested interest in and may be affected by policy decisions and actions being taken, and thus may attempt to influence those decisions and actions

Identification of issues (diagnosis)

information analyzed to identify real issue or problem that needs to be addressed

Collection of information (assessment)

information and data must be gathered from as many sources as possible before the health care issues can be identified

Information is stored, retrieved, communicated, and managed using hardware and software that is collectively referred to as __________.

information technology

__________ is the term used to define the capabilities and standards that an electronic health records system must be capable of utilizing in order to qualify for financial incentives provided by Medicare.

meaningful use

ANA's Grassroots community

message your legislators

____________ ____________ is affected by health policy development

nursing practice

Paternalism

on the basis of the health care provider's belief about what is in the best interest of the patient, he/she chooses to reveal or withhold patient information such as diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis

Development of a plan

options and professional consequences with each option

autonomy

personal freedom and the right of competent people to make choices

A personal decision to withhold information is considered to be associated with which patient right?

privacy

interpretation

receiver's understanding of the meaning of the communication

regulations

rules used to implement legislation and translate concepts into actions that can be put into practice

ethics

science or study of moral values

_____________ refers to the means to control access and protect information from accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons and from alteration, destruction, or loss.

security

Anyone who wishes to convey an idea or concept to others is referred to as a _______.

sender

decision support tools

software programs that process data to produce or recommend decisions by linking with an electronic knowledge base controlled by established rules for combining data elements; the knowledge base and rules mimic the knowledge and reasoning an expert health professional would apply to data and information to solve a problem

ANA monitors nursing-related _________ legislation

state

Medicare program (1965)

takes care of older people and disabled people

point-of-care technology

technologies that allow real-time data retrieval, documentation, and decision support at the bedside or wherever direct care is provided

fidelity

the agreement to keep promises and commitments, based on the virtue of caring

right of conscience

the civil right that protects conscientious health care providers against discrimination, allowing them the right to act according to the dictates of their consciences

information

the data that are meaningful and alter the receiver's understanding

ethics acculturation

the didactic and experiential process of developing ethical reasoning abilities as a part of ongoing professional preparation

justice

the equal and fair distribution of resources, regardless of other factors

active listening

the process of hearing what others are saying with a sense of seriousness and discrimination

Constituent/State Nurses Association (C/SNA)

the professional organizational unit member of the American Nurses Association that represents all professional nurses within a state or territory or other defined organizational entity or boundary-also known as the state nurses association (SNA)

platform

the statement of principles and policies of a political party, candidate, or elected official

bioethics

the study of ethical problems resulting from scientific advances

health information technology

the use of various forms of technology to improve the quality of health care services to individuals and communities

Filtration

unconscious exclusion of extraneous stimuli

The customs and behaviors that society regards as desirable are called _________.

values

Pays for health care services through various programs, what are these programs?

•Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which are partly funded by federal funds

State health policies pay for health care services through what various programs?

•Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which are partly funded by federal funds •Other indigent care programs, which vary from state to state