abnormal ch. 4

which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning? A. behavioral B. psychodynamic C. biological D. sociocultural

A. behavioral

a person says "ive been diagnosed w/ social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. i dont know which to choose" based on current research, the BEST answer would be: A. "some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even w/ drug therapy; there is less chance of relapse" B. "thats the best advice your therapist could have given" C. "unfortunately, no therapy works very well in the long run for most people w/ social anxiety disorder" D. "drug therapy works especially well in combo w/ short-term psychodynamic therapy; CBTs dont help much

A. "some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even w/ drug therapy; theres less chance of relapse"

a psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. he thinks that this usually unconcious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner. he is sure this underlying conflict explains his clients: A. OCD B. schizophrenia C. generalized anxiety disorder D. fugue state

A. OCD

Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic: A. basic irrational assumptions B. existential anxiety C. conditions of worth D. moral anxiety

A. basic irrational assumptions

the therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing w/ his compulsions but not his obsessions. in addition, he does "homework" in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy? A. behavioral B. cognitive C. psychodynamic D. psychodynamic, w/ therapist interpretation

A. behavioral

cognitive theorists have found that people who develop OCD also: A. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others B. have lower standards of conduct and morality C. have lower rate of depression D. believe it is impossible to have control over everything

A. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

if a person were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of seratonin and improves brain function for symptoms of OCD, that person could expect that: A. it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if the person stopped the meds B. it wouldnt be very effective C. it would lead to immediate and long-lasting relief of symptoms D. adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short term but not the long term

A. it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if the person stopped the meds

research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people w/ generalized anxiety symptoms: A. are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress B. fail to pay attention to threatening cues C. respond more fearfully to predictable events D. show little psychological arousal

A. more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress

a professors office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. if the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in which category? A. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders B. specific phobias C. panic disorders D. social anxiety disorder

A. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

one limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cant explain: A. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience genderalized anxiety B. the relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity C. differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world D. paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines

A. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety

a woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even w/ a friend. recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed w/: A. panic attacks B. agoraphobia C. agoraphobia and panic disorder D. panic disorder

B. agoraphobia and panic disorder

in terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports: A. only intolerance of uncertainty theory B. both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory C. neither metacognitive theory nor intolerance of uncertainty theory D. only metacognitive theory

B. both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory

when someone who is about to leave for work checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off, that person is exhibiting a(n): A. obsession B. compulsion C. panic attack D. phobia

B. compulsion

an entomologists fear of spiders is debilitating. to treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room w/ spiders, even asking her to handle them. this technique might be used in: A. systematic desensitization B. flooding C. modeling D. covert desensitization

B. flooding

mindfullness-based cognitive therapy: A. has received support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder B. has received support in therapy applications for a wide variety of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder C. has not received much support in therapy applications D. is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability

B. has received support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder

a person recently was diagnosed w/ social anxiety disorder. a BEST guess is that the persona is in: A. elementary school and is less likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder B. high school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder C. elementary school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder D. high school and less likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder

B. high school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder

"experiences of observation teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear" the person who believe this espouses the _____ explanation of the development of phobias. A. evolutionary B. modeling C. ecological D. empirical

B. modeling

a person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. if it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: A. posttraumatic disorder B. panic attack C. phobia D. obsessive-compulsive response

B. panic attack

psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common: A. their use of multidisciplinary therapists who work exclusively in group settings B. their lack of strong support from controlled studies C. their understanding of how generalized anxiety develops and can be treated D. their reliance on rather harsh, confrontational therapeutic style

B. their lack of strong support from controlled studies

an abnormal-psychological instructor asks in class, "what kind of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" confidently and accurately, a student replies: A. "client-centered therapies and exposure therapies" B. "biofeedback and relaxation training" C. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs" D. "antidepressant drugs and biofeedback"

C. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs"

which is an anxiety disorder? A. bipolar disorder B. major depression C. OCD D. schizophrenia

C. OCD

which behavior pattern is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder? A. body dismorphic disorder B. hoarding C. agoraphobia D. trichotillomania

C. agoraphobia

which therapy is an effective treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? A. humanistic B. psychodynamic C. cognitive D. behavioral

C. cognitive

a phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. this is an example of the _____ technique. A. modeling B. fear hierarchical flooding C. covert D. in vivo

C. covert

anitdepressants that are effective in treating OCD serve to: A. increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters B. increase norepinephrine activity in brain C. increase seratonin activity in brain D. decrease seratonin activity in brain

C. increase seratonin activity in brain

which descriptor would be LEAST likely to describe someone experiencing OCD, according to the cognitive perspective? A. im a bit of a control freak B. im having a bit of trouble separating my thoughts from reality. im afraid if i think of it, it will actually happen C. let the good times roll. dont worry about tomorrow D. it seems that i am always more "down" than my friends

C. let the good times roll. dont worry about tomorrow

cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by: A. interpersonal loss B. lack of empathy C. maladaptive assumptions D. overactive id impulses

C. maladaptive assumptions

Davon watched his father recoil form a snake fear. now he is afraid of snakes. this apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of: A. response descrimination B. escape response C. modeling D. stimulus generalization

C. modeling

one procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. this is called: A. flooding B. systematic desensitization C. modeling D. implosive therapy

C. modeling

which statement is NOT usually true of those w/ body dysmorphic disorder? A. they reduce contact w/ others B. about 1/2 seek surgical or dermatological treatments C. most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager D. they are concerned about a particular part of their body

C. most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager

people with this disorder experience frequent panic attacks along w/ dysfunctional changes in their thinking or behavior as a result of panic attacks. A. generalized anxiety disorder B. phobic disorder C. panic disorder D. OCD

C. panic disorder

which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety? A. behavioral approach B. sociocultural approach C. psychodynamic approach D. humanistic approach

C. psychodynamic approach

one limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain: A. differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world B. relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity C. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety D. paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines

C. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety

the phobia MOST often associated w/ panic disorder is: A. acrophobia B. metrophobia C. claustrophobia D. agoraphobia

D. agoraphobia

a person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying: A. condition of worth B. compulsion C. meta-worry D. basic irrational assumption

D. basic irrational assumption

which statement is true about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder? A. drug treatments are significantly more effective, especially early in the disorder B. effectiveness of cognitive treatment is reduced over time C. neither drug nor cognitive treatments show much promise D. cognitive treatments have proven to be at least as effective as meds, if not more so

D. cognitive treatments have proven to be at least as effective as meds, if not more

an obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedure? A. reinforcement for compulsive behavior B. free association C. family therapy D. exposure and response prevention

D. exposure and response prevention

a person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a: a. fear of enclosed spaces B. fear of driving C. fear of other people D. fear of leaving home

D. fear of leaving home

for an antidepressant to be effective against OCD, it must: A. decrease norepinephrine activity B. increase norepinephrine activity C. decrease serotonin activity D. increase serotonin activity

D. increase seratonin activty

the therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: A. stress inoculation training B. behavior modification C. self-instruction training D. rational-emotive therapy

D. rational-emotive therapy

according to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors? A. they are irrational thinkers B. they have been punished in the past for engaging in compulsive behaviors C. they need a higher level of anxiety than average to be productive D. those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

D. those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, one could: A. ask her if her fear of snakes has lasted for 6 mos, if she avoids snakes, and if it interferes w/ daily living; if she says "yes", she most likely has a phobia B. show her a snake; if she appears to be slightly uncomfortable, she most likely has a fear C. show her a snake; if she appears to be very uncomfortable, she most likely has a phobia D. ask her if anxiety about snakes interferes w/ daily living; is she says yes she most likely has a fear

ask her if her fear of snakes has lasted 6 mos, if she avoids snakes, and if it interferes w/ daily living; if she says "yes" she most likely has a phobia