Abnormal Psyc exam 3

antisocial personality disorder is

-More common in males than females -At least 18 years old with symptoms of CD disorder before age 15 -Fail to conform to social norms -Highly impulsive -Irresponsible -Fail to take responsibility for behavior -Minimize consequences and lack remorse for actions

People with paranoid personality disorder :

-Protect themselves from dishonest individuals. -Unjustified and Pervasive distrust. - believe without evidence that others are out to exploit or deceive them. -bear grudges are unforgiving of perceived insults - are hypervigilant for signs of disloyalty or untrustworthiness in people around them

dependent personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of. cant make decisions from themselves. fear of being alone. OVER reliance of others.

avoidant personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.

paranoid personality disorder

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent(having or showing a wish to do evil to others.

Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

pepole with Narcissistic personality disorder

Exaggerated sense of self-importance Fantasies of limitless success Seek constant attention from others Sense of entitlement Experience extremes in mood and self-esteem Devaluation of others

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Feelings of being detached from one's body, behavior, or mind or unreality with respect to one's surroundings Feelings as if one is an external observer of one's own behavior

dissociative disorders: etiology

Few empirical data to how the disorders develop Biological factors Between 10% and 21% of patients with DID have abnormal brain activity Brain anatomy differences similar to PTSD Psychosocial factors "Personality integration" failure from disordered caregiver-child relationship Incidents of physical and sexual abuse as children The relationship appears to be correlational However, many believe DID patients are blocking traumatic experiences

Daphne constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas she so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. She is very emotional, a " Damsel in Distress," as if she is always on stage. She overreacts and uses her attractiveness to get her what she wants. What personality disorder would she be diagnosed with?

Histrionic personality disorder

dissociative amnesia

Inability to recall important information, usually personal in nature Incidences after a stressful or traumatic event might be considered psychological rather than biological Localized amnesia - certain period of time Generalized amnesia - any aspect of one's life Selective amnesia - some elements of a traumatic experience Dissociative fugue - includes travel or bewildered wandering associated with the amnesia

Comorbidity and Functional Impairment of Personality Disorders

Interpersonal relationships Occupational functioning High rates of comorbidity for other psychological disorders Functional impairment compounded by other disorders Increased distress Treatment challenges Interventions must address pervasive pathology and acute symptoms

developmental factors and personality disorders

Manifestations of personality disorder may represent typical childhood and adolescent behaviors Flagrant symptoms may be red flags for later personality disorder development Originate early in life Partly influenced by genetics Adolescent personality disorders associated with: Emotional distress Aversive parental behavior Other psychological disorders

Typical beliefs of individuals with _______personality disorder may include "I cannot trust other people," "Other people have hidden motives," "If other people find out things about me, they will use them against me," "People often say one thing and mean something else," and "A person to whom I am close could be disloyal or unfaithful."

Paranoid Personality disorder

Victoria is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though she has no evidence, she is sure her husband is unfaithful. She finds it almost impossible to forgive those she thinks have wronged her. Victoria displays the characteristics of the ____ personality disorder?

Paranoid personality disorder

histrionic personality disorder

Pattern of excessive emotion and attention-seeking behavior -Theatrical behavior to draw attention to self -Constant need to be center of attention -Pronounced emotional expressions -Lack depth and shift rapidly -Appear disingenuous -Misperception of relationships -Overly dramatic and demanding

Antisocial personality disorder

Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

Narcissistic personality disorder

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy

OCPD

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control.Rule originated , takes the fun out of things such as playing a game bc of the rules.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Previously known as multiple personality disorder Patient takes on different personalities or alters Some suggest that alters are the result of extreme physical and sexual abuse Existence of DID sometimes questioned due to scarcity of quantitative studies on it Furthermore, terms such as alters and distinct personality state are difficult to define in a way that can be studied No agreement on what defines "taking control of the person's behavior"

People with this disorder also appear to be indifferent to others' opinions and frequently prefer tasks without human interaction (e.g., laboratory or computer tasks). They seem to experience few emotional extremes, such as anger or joy. Instead, they hover indifferently in the middle range of emotion. This disorder is also associated with the absence of enjoyment of sensory, bodily, or interpersonal experiences

Schizoid Personality disorder

Robert has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people. He does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Robert may be exhibiting the _____ personality disorder?

Schizoid personality disorder

People with this disorder may have offbeat, peculiar, or paranoid beliefs and thoughts. Moreover, they have difficulty forming relationships and have extreme social anxiety. During interpersonal interactions, people with this personality disorder may react inappropriately, show no emotion, or inappropriately talk to themselves.

Schizotypal

Tom felt extremely anxious around other people, had few friends, isolated himself from others, and believed he had "special powers". He even thought the presidential debate was really about him and his life. This personality disorder is similar to schizophrenia. which personality disorder is he exhibiting?

Schizotypal personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures

Britney was admitted to the hospital for a suicide attempt psychiatric ward. she has erratic moods, sometimes you feel like you are "walking on egg shells with her" exhibits all or none thinking (i.e.., all good or bad), is impulsive, and experiences disturbances in her relationships. She is displaying what personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

personality disorder

enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture

schizoid personality disorder

is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings.

schizotypal personality disorder

is a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort, reduced capacity for close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and behavioral eccentricities.

dimensional approach

captures full range of trait. considers personality to be on a continuum( a continuous sequence not perceptibly different from each other but the extremes are quite distinct). example: socially outgoing people on one end and shy people on the other.

dissociative disorders

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

personality disorders .....

• Is pervasive and inflexible • Has onset in adolescence or early adulthood • Is stable over time • Leads to distress and impairment

categorical approach

one either has or does not have a particular personality disorder

Five Factor Model

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Cluster A: Odd/Eccentric

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Elaine is doing reasonably well in therapy, and expresses several situations, no close friends, hypersensitive). The client has been diagnosed with a personality disorder, which would most likely it be?

Avoidant personality disorder

When Penelope and Nicolette were BFF's ('"Best Friends Forever")< each of these two women could not go anywhere without each other. They would even dress together, had a fear of separation, were clingy, both felt a sense of helplessness, and both needed assistance with everything. which personality disorder would have been exhibited?

Dependent personality disorder

Dissociative Disorders: Epidemiology

Depends greatly on characteristics of the sample or degree to which interviewer believes in diagnosis Among impatient samples dissociative disorders can affect between 4% to 21% of all psychiatric inpatients (Foote et al., 2006) Sex, race, and ethnicity 18.5% of women of Turkey and 8% of inpatient sample in the Netherland (Rates are lower in the United States) Symptoms might be associated with religious experiences in some parts of the world The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) does not have a specific category called DID Developmental factors Average age of onset for depersonalization disorder is from 15.9 to 22.8 years

avoidant personality disorder

a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. Avoid social or occupational interactions Fear of rejection, criticism, disapproval Self-perception of inadequacy Avoid making new friends and intimate relationships Hypervigilant to signs of rejection or criticism Misinterpret other people's comments about them

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

a person with schizoid personality disorder:

may be introverted, solitary, emotionally unexpressive, and isolated. -They derive little enjoyment from or show little interest in belonging to families or social groups. - Often absorbed in their own thoughts and feelings, they can be afraid of relationships that require closeness and intimacy.