abnormal psych ch 4 and 11
The double-bind and schizophrenogenic-mother explanations for schizophrenia
are no longer taken seriously by most researchers and clinicians.
A _____ is a sensory experience that seems real but is not based on external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ.
hallucination
Reginald is exhibiting several negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to him?
he demonstrates strange behavioral disorganization
_____ would subsume about 25% of people formerly diagnosed with hypochondriasis in previous editions of the DSM.
illness anxiety disorder
Briefly mistaking a shadow for a threatening intruder is a(n)
illusion
The key difference between factitious disorder and malingering is that the motivation for malingering
involves clearly identifiable external incentives.
In which disorder does the patient display symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder without satisfying the full criteria for either diagnosis?
schizoaffective disorder
A psychosis marked by a fragmentation of the basic psychological functions that are normally integrated to respond to the demands of reality is called
schizophrenia
Pennebaker suggests that about of people who write about a personally meaningful trauma derive physical and psychological benefits from it.
60%
There is much evidence that schizophrenia is a valid diagnostic entity because
A and B
Body dysmorphic disorder is the preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated , rather than that are feared to be related to an underlying illness, as is the case in somatic symptom disorder.
Correct defect in physical appearance; pain and/or discomfort
Several years ago, a psychiatrist treating Ian for schizophrenia described the patient's mother as "schizophrenogenic". The psychiatrist believed that the mother's _____ caused Ian's disorder.
Correct domineering, overprotective, and cold personality
The term schizophrenia was coined by
Eugen Bleuler.
In the early twentieth century, the two competing theories to describe schizophrenia were those of
Kraepelin and Bleuler
Taste and smell hallucinations are
More frequently seen in medical diseases than mental disorders.
According to some researchers, the DSM's reliance on superficial similarities (e.g., concerns related to physical symptoms or health) to group IAD with the somatic symptom and related disorders obscures the important functional and causal mechanisms that IAD shares with anxiety disorders and
OCD
The term "expressed emotion" as applied to schizophrenia refers to
a family's overinvolvement, criticism, and hostility toward a member with schizophrenia.
It is 1942. Wayne is a patient being treated for a severe psychosis in a state mental hospital. Which of the following treatments would NOT have been used?
a phenothiazine
What is the key characteristic of extrapyramidal symptoms?
abnormalities of movement
According to the generally accepted standard, the prevalence of schizophrenia in the world is about
about 1.0 percent
Sung Hee is taking Prolixin for treatment of his schizophrenia. Unfortunately, he is experiencing a side effect in which he feels compelled to keep moving and is constantly agitated. This is known as
acute akathesia.
The physical symptoms of a somatic disorder are likely to be interpreted and experienced as signs of an illness, rather than of a mental disorder, if
all of the above
Why are many mental health experts concerned regarding the SSD diagnosis and the revamped category of somatic disorders in the DSM-5?
all of the above
Shaquita has been coping with schizophrenia for many years. At times, she finds it difficult to enjoy nearly anything, even the activities she is most passionate about. This symptom is known as
anhedonia
How often might medical providers in specialty clinics expect to encounter patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS)?
as often as 66%
Martina spends most of her time staring blankly out a window and is never interested in any activities occurring in her treatment program. Which symptom of schizophrenia does this reflect?
avolition
Some people might confuse and somatic symptom disorder on the basis that they share a preoccupation with a physical concern.
body dysmorphic disorder
Gisela experienced visual hallucinations, loose associations, and bizarre behaviors following a traumatic, violent accident. Within three weeks, these symptoms ceased. Which diagnosis would be most appropriate for her?
brief psychotic disorder
Tara has complained for several days that she has no feeling in her arm between her elbow and her wrist. Doctors have found no organic source for her symptoms. What condition should you consider?
conversion disorder
Tern was convinced that when a staff member dropped and broke a glass at lunch it was a sign that she should avoid drinking her milk because it was poisoned. This is a
delusion of reference
Alberto is seeking to begin a new society based on his own principles for creating social harmony and efficiency. He believes he has been chosen to save humanity from the evils of the impersonal high-tech society that imprisons it. Which disorder might apply to Alberto?
delusional disorder
In the case of Lionel Aldridge, Lionel believed his dog was causing all his problems and that enemies were everywhere and he had to fight or run from them. These are specific examples of
delusions
Someone who fakes an illness with nothing to gain from doing so would be
diagnosed with factitious disorder.
Although different causal factors have been emphasized for specific somatic disorders, similar to many other types of disorders a _____ model provides the most useful framework for organizing these factors into a general explanation of somatic disorders.
diathesis-stress
The dramatic characteristics of catatonia are an example of
disordered behavior
_____ is another word for the intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms.
feigning
Some skeptics suspect that illness anxiety disorder
is simply a variation of another anxiety disorder.
Bella is taking an "atypical" antipsychotic medication. It differs from standard first generation medications in each of the following ways EXCEPT
it will affect the activity of serotonin not dopamine
About one third of people with conversion disorder display a naive, inappropriate lack of emotion or concern for others' perceptions of one's disability. This symptom is commonly referred to as
la belle indifference
Henri is suffering from tardive dyskinesia as a result of taking chlorpromazine. His expected symptoms include
lip smacking; uncontrollable jerks, ticks, and twitches of his face and body.
Which of the following groups is NOT predisposed to higher rates of somatic symptom disorder?
males
Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 somatic symptom or related disorder?
malingering
Randall has a diagnosis of disorganized schizophrenia. Marta has a diagnosis of major depression with psychotic features. Erika has a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder. Among them, _____ has the best prognosis
marta
In IAD, the specific illness that is feared
may not always stay the same and can change over time
_____ is an umbrella term that medical providers use to characterize symptoms without corresponding objective (lab, test, or physical exam) findings that could explain the symptoms.
medically unexplained physical symptoms
Somatization is the conversion of a _____ into _____ symptoms.
mental state; physical
can occur within the first few days of taking an antipsychotic medication and involves extremely high fever, muscle rigidity, and irregular heart rate and blood pressure.
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Which of the following is the most common problem associated with neuroleptic medication?
noncompliance
Belief that if one has a thought about something it must be true is an indicator of
obsessive compulsive disorder
As the number of negative symptoms increases, the likelihood of long-term impairment increases. This is a(n)
positive correlation
When brief psychotic disorder follows childbirth, it is specified as having a
postpartum onset
Rebecca has schizophrenia. Diagnostic assessments have indicated that she has hypofrontality, which is associated with each of the following EXCEPT
predominance of positive symptoms
In some classifications, a fourth phase of schizophrenia is described, called the ____ phase, a time period before any symptoms are present.
premorbid
As a- sociocultural psychologist, you would be MOST likely to find empirical evidence supporting cultural differences for which aspect of schizophrenia?
prognosis for the disorder
Lionel Aldridge successfully copes with his schizophrenia in large part due to community support and the support of friends. This most closely reflects the guiding philosophy of which psychological therapy?
psychosocial rehabilitation
_____ is the former name for the group of mental disorders in which individuals experience physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurological condition.
psychosomatic disorders????
Tom is experiencing severe psychotic symptoms, but his physician has determined that they are resulting from Huntington's disease. Which psychiatric diagnosis would Tom receive?
psychotic disorder due to another medical condition
Dr. Tolman thinks that Sophie's schizophrenia may have developed due to childhood experience of conditions described by the double-bind theory, such as
receiving incompatible messages from parents, like asking for affection then rejecting attempts at intimacy
The _____ promotes the idea that individuals recovering from mental disorders should be able to successfully live and work in the community.
recovery movement
Following the active phase of schizophrenia is a _____ phase, during which the psychotic symptoms subside in frequency and intensity.
residual
The _____ suggests that the chronic psychological and social stressors, social disorganization, and greater environmental hazards associated with urban living and poverty breed new cases of schizophrenia.
social causation theory
As William developed schizophrenia he became unable to fulfill his responsibilities at work and at home. He eventually lost his job and his family. William now lives on the streets. This is an example of
social drift
A patient with excessive preoccupation or fear about having a serious illness based on a misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, with somatic symptoms present, would receive a diagnosis in the DSM-5 of
somatic symptom disorder
Approximately 75% of individuals who would have met criteria for hypochondriasis in the DSM-IV would now receive a diagnosis of if somatic symptoms were present.
somatic symptom disorder
Individuals whose somatic symptoms predominately involve pain, labeled pain disorder in the DSM-IV, are now diagnosed with
somatic symptom disorder
_____ is a DSM-5 disorder describing one or more physical symptoms that are distressing or that disrupt a person's life, with a large amount of time spent thinking about or feeling anxiety about personal physical health or symptoms.
somatic symptom disorder
Auditory hallucinations are to deficits in problem solving as the
temporal lobe is to the frontal lobe.
Dr. Brane is an experimental neurosurgeon who has caused a normal adult to experience visual hallucinations by re-routing the patient's normal auditory sensations to the occipital lobe. What brain structure is the most likely target of Dr. Brane's work?
thalamus
Family studies of schizophrenia demonstrate that
there is a strong positive correlation between genetic relatedness and risk of schizophrenia.
In the past, many milieu programs took the form of _____, systems of reinforcing desired behaviors with poker chips or other tokens that could be exchanged for access to television, snacks, or other rewards.
token economies
Just because a person experiences MUPS does not mean that a medical explanation does not exist. Clinicians will assume the MUPS are expressions of
underlying emotional tension or stress.
Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) is new to the DSM-5 and is defined by persistent concerns about having or acquiring a serious illness
without the presence of strong somatic symptoms
