Abnormal Psych

the phobia MOST often associated w/ panic disorder is: A. acrophobia B. metrophobia C. claustrophobia D. agoraphobia

D. agoraphobia

a person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying: A. condition of worth B. compulsion C. meta-worry D. basic irrational assumption

D. basic irrational assumption

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders are overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

psychodynamic

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

systematic desensitization

college students who always become so anxious when taking a test that they can't remember even simple things that they know quite well are experiencing:

text anxiety?

If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:

...

a person says "ive been diagnosed w/ social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. i dont know which to choose" based on current research, the BEST answer would be: A. "some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even w/ drug therapy; there is less chance of relapse" B. "thats the best advice your therapist could have given" C. "unfortunately, no therapy works very well in the long run for most people w/ social anxiety disorder" D. "drug therapy works especially well in combo w/ short-term psychodynamic therapy; CBTs dont help much

A. "some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even w/ drug therapy; theres less chance of relapse"

a psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. he thinks that this usually unconcious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner. he is sure this underlying conflict explains his clients: A. OCD B. schizophrenia C. generalized anxiety disorder D. fugue state

A. OCD

Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic: A. basic irrational assumptions B. existential anxiety C. conditions of worth D. moral anxiety

A. basic irrational assumptions

the therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing w/ his compulsions but not his obsessions. in addition, he does "homework" in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy? A. behavioral B. cognitive C. psychodynamic D. psychodynamic, w/ therapist interpretation

A. behavioral

which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning? A. behavioral B. psychodynamic C. biological D. sociocultural

A. behavioral

cognitive theorists have found that people who develop OCD also: A. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others B. have lower standards of conduct and morality C. have lower rate of depression D. believe it is impossible to have control over everything

A. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

if a person were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of seratonin and improves brain function for symptoms of OCD, that person could expect that: A. it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if the person stopped the meds B. it wouldnt be very effective C. it would lead to immediate and long-lasting relief of symptoms D. adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short term but not the long term

A. it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if the person stopped the meds

research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people w/ generalized anxiety symptoms: A. are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress B. fail to pay attention to threatening cues C. respond more fearfully to predictable events D. show little psychological arousal

A. more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress

a professors office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. if the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in which category? A. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders B. specific phobias C. panic disorders D. social anxiety disorder

A. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

one limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cant explain: A. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience genderalized anxiety B. the relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity C. differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world D. paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines

A. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety

a woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even w/ a friend. recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed w/: A. panic attacks B. agoraphobia C. agoraphobia and panic disorder D. panic disorder

B. agoraphobia and panic disorder

in terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports: A. only intolerance of uncertainty theory B. both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory C. neither metacognitive theory nor intolerance of uncertainty theory D. only metacognitive theory

B. both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory

when someone who is about to leave for work checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off, that person is exhibiting a(n): A. obsession B. compulsion C. panic attack D. phobia

B. compulsion

an entomologists fear of spiders is debilitating. to treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room w/ spiders, even asking her to handle them. this technique might be used in: A. systematic desensitization B. flooding C. modeling D. covert desensitization

B. flooding

mindfullness-based cognitive therapy: A. has received support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder B. has received support in therapy applications for a wide variety of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder C. has not received much support in therapy applications D. is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability

B. has received support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder

a person recently was diagnosed w/ social anxiety disorder. a BEST guess is that the persona is in: A. elementary school and is less likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder B. high school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder C. elementary school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder D. high school and less likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder

B. high school and is more likely than average to have a close relative w/ social anxiety disorder

"experiences of observation teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear" the person who believe this espouses the _____ explanation of the development of phobias. A. evolutionary B. modeling C. ecological D. empirical

B. modeling

a person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. if it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: A. posttraumatic disorder B. panic attack C. phobia D. obsessive-compulsive response

B. panic attack

psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common: A. their use of multidisciplinary therapists who work exclusively in group settings B. their lack of strong support from controlled studies C. their understanding of how generalized anxiety develops and can be treated D. their reliance on rather harsh, confrontational therapeutic style

B. their lack of strong support from controlled studies

The therapist who developed a cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders that is based on his therapy for depression is:

Beck

an abnormal-psychological instructor asks in class, "what kind of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" confidently and accurately, a student replies: A. "client-centered therapies and exposure therapies" B. "biofeedback and relaxation training" C. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs" D. "antidepressant drugs and biofeedback"

C. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs"

which is an anxiety disorder? A. bipolar disorder B. major depression C. OCD D. schizophrenia

C. OCD

which behavior pattern is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder? A. body dismorphic disorder B. hoarding C. agoraphobia D. trichotillomania

C. agoraphobia

which therapy is an effective treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? A. humanistic B. psychodynamic C. cognitive D. behavioral

C. cognitive

a phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. this is an example of the _____ technique. A. modeling B. fear hierarchical flooding C. covert D. in vivo

C. covert

anitdepressants that are effective in treating OCD serve to: A. increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters B. increase norepinephrine activity in brain C. increase seratonin activity in brain D. decrease seratonin activity in brain

C. increase seratonin activity in brain

which descriptor would be LEAST likely to describe someone experiencing OCD, according to the cognitive perspective? A. im a bit of a control freak B. im having a bit of trouble separating my thoughts from reality. im afraid if i think of it, it will actually happen C. let the good times roll. dont worry about tomorrow D. it seems that i am always more "down" than my friends

C. let the good times roll. dont worry about tomorrow

cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by: A. interpersonal loss B. lack of empathy C. maladaptive assumptions D. overactive id impulses

C. maladaptive assumptions

Davon watched his father recoil form a snake fear. now he is afraid of snakes. this apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of: A. response descrimination B. escape response C. modeling D. stimulus generalization

C. modeling

one procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. this is called: A. flooding B. systematic desensitization C. modeling D. implosive therapy

C. modeling

which statement is NOT usually true of those w/ body dysmorphic disorder? A. they reduce contact w/ others B. about 1/2 seek surgical or dermatological treatments C. most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager D. they are concerned about a particular part of their body

C. most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager

people with this disorder experience frequent panic attacks along w/ dysfunctional changes in their thinking or behavior as a result of panic attacks. A. generalized anxiety disorder B. phobic disorder C. panic disorder D. OCD

C. panic disorder

which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety? A. behavioral approach B. sociocultural approach C. psychodynamic approach D. humanistic approach

C. psychodynamic approach

one limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain: A. differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world B. relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity C. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety D. paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines

C. why everyone who experiences danger doesnt experience generalized anxiety

which statement is true about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder? A. drug treatments are significantly more effective, especially early in the disorder B. effectiveness of cognitive treatment is reduced over time C. neither drug nor cognitive treatments show much promise D. cognitive treatments have proven to be at least as effective as meds, if not more so

D. cognitive treatments have proven to be at least as effective as meds, if not more

an obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedure? A. reinforcement for compulsive behavior B. free association C. family therapy D. exposure and response prevention

D. exposure and response prevention

a person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a: a. fear of enclosed spaces B. fear of driving C. fear of other people D. fear of leaving home

D. fear of leaving home

for an antidepressant to be effective against OCD, it must: A. decrease norepinephrine activity B. increase norepinephrine activity C. decrease serotonin activity D. increase serotonin activity

D. increase seratonin activty

the therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: A. stress inoculation training B. behavior modification C. self-instruction training D. rational-emotive therapy

D. rational-emotive therapy

according to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors? A. they are irrational thinkers B. they have been punished in the past for engaging in compulsive behaviors C. they need a higher level of anxiety than average to be productive D. those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

D. those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

"Phobic and GAD arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly with acceptance and instead deny their distort through their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation would be offered by:

Humanistic perspective

Which theory states that people develop GAD because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

Humanistic perspective

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding GAD is that:

Theorists have yet to explain why some develop the disorder while others do not.

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:

free-floating anxiety

Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of:

biofeedback

Every one in awhile, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of:

a panic attack

How do phobias and common fear differ?

a phobia is more intense and persistent and the desire to avoid the object or situation is greater.

The most common mental disorders in the US is the:

anxiety disorder

to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, one could: A. ask her if her fear of snakes has lasted for 6 mos, if she avoids snakes, and if it interferes w/ daily living; if she says "yes", she most likely has a phobia B. show her a snake; if she appears to be slightly uncomfortable, she most likely has a fear C. show her a snake; if she appears to be very uncomfortable, she most likely has a phobia D. ask her if anxiety about snakes interferes w/ daily living; is she says yes she most likely has a fear

ask her if her fear of snakes has lasted 6 mos, if she avoids snakes, and if it interferes w/ daily living; if she says "yes" she most likely has a phobia

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible respects is displaying:

basic irrational assumptions

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

behaviorist perspective

If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:

benzodiazepines

Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

benzodizapines provide relief from anxiety

..during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say he acquired this fear by:

classical conditioning

According to behavioral theory, specific learned fears become a generalized anxiety disorder through a process of:

classical conditioning

"Who wouldn't be afraid all of the time? We have AIDS, crime, bombs, etc." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of GAD

cognitive

If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

conditions of worth

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

covert desensitization

Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the _____ explanation of the development of phobias.

environmental

Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the _____ explanation of the development of phobias.

evolutionary

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

excessively worry

Until recently, the evidence that GAD is related to biological factors come largely from:

family pedigree studies

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

fear- physiological and emotional response to a serious treat to one's well-being; anxiety- ...response to a vague sense of threat or danger

A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

flooding

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating GAD because they mimic the effect of ____ at certain receptor sites in the limbic system and hypothalamus.

gamma-aminobutyric acid

GABA is related to:

generalized anxiety disorder

a person who constantly feels upset and nervous, so much that it interferes with work is experiencing:

generalized anxiety disorder

According to Freud, GAD is most likely to result when:

growing up

You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear heirachy and, finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

in vivo desensitization

If I believe there is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that is catastrophic is things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic:

irrational assumptions

Anxiety disorders differ from everyday experiences of fear and anxiety in:

it is too severe, too frequent, lasts too long, or is triggered too easily

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

maladaptive assumptions

Cognitive therapists believe that GAD is induced by:

maladaptive assumptions

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snake. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

modeling

a professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing:

obsession?

Max is upset because he can't stop thinking he is forgetting something and constantly goes back to his apt to check. this is a behavior of:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a college student who is so anxious that he can't function unless his clothes are arranged by color and type in his closet is experiencing:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychodynamic theorists would predict that high levels of anxiety in adulthood would be positively related to earlier:

overprotectiveness?

a person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the ER complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing:

panic disorder without agoraphobia

A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called:

phobia

Raphael was outside the WTC when it exploded. Ever since he has periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of:

post-traumatic stress disorder

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

preparedness

If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

rational-emotive therapy

The therapy for GAD developed by Albert Ellis is called:

rational-emotive therapy

"Please flex your biceps. Now release your biceps. Now flex your thigh. Now release it." These statements might be made by a therapist using:

relaxation training

A friend asks you whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based upon present research, your best answer is:

relaxation training

The first step in treatment of systematic desensitization is:

relaxation training

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. He would most likely be diagnosed with:

social phobia

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the ______ perspective.

sociocultural

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear of interfering with the life of the person is called:

specific phobia

Karen was bit by a tan pony. She was then afraid of the tan Great Dane. Fear of this dog is an example of:

stimulus generalization

Cognitive researchers have found that lives full of anxiety most often are associated with:

stressful events

Rainforest, struck by lighting... now afraid of trees.. what is the conditioned stimulus?

trees

Leila always feel threatened and anxious- imaging something awful is about to happen. She is able to work, but not as well as she'd like. She is probably experiencing:

unpredictable negative events