Abnormal Psychology Chapter 11
A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to: a. concentrate on radio and TV public service announcements. b. enlist the help of those who are admired in the community. c. provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse.
C
A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug? a. barbiturates b. ethyl alcohol c. amphetamines d. opium
C
Violet lives in America and commonly uses heroin. How likely is she to also use another illegal drug? a. highly unlikely, approximately a 5 percent chance b. somewhat unlikely, approximately a 20 percent chance c. likely, more than a 50 percent chance d. extremely likely, approximately a 90 percent chance
C
Which method of drug ingestion delivers the drug to the brain most quickly? a. snorting b. inhaling c. intravenous injection d. administration by eye drops
C
Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in heavy drinkers? a. Female heavy drinkers outnumber male heavy drinkers through adolescence, but the reverse is true in adulthood. b. Women are slightly more likely than men to be classified as heavy drinkers. c. Heavy drinking is at least twice as likely in men as it is in women.
C
A drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called endorphins produce is: a. heroin. b. LSD. c. Benzedrine. d. methamphetamine.
A
Around what percent of the population do experts estimate has the Internet use disorder pattern? a. 1 b. 5 c. 10 d. 20
A
Serena believes that she can smell colors and taste music after taking LSD. This effect is known as: a. synesthesia. b. intoxication. c. hallucination. d. the psychedelic effect
A
Researchers have identified a chemical in cannabis that does not produce a high and may be useful for treating certain medical conditions. This chemical is called: a. tetrahydrocannabinol. b. methylene dioxide. c. lysergic acid. d. cannabidiol.
D
Studies attempting to relate personality traits to the potential for developing substance abuse show that: a. one key personality trait, impulsivity, predicts substance abuse. b. one key personality trait, dependence, predicts substance abuse. c. a specific group of traits predicts substance abuse. d. no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.
D
All the opioid drugs are known collectively as: a. narcotics. b. endorphins. c. depressants. d. hallucinogens
A
The club drug that damages nerve endings but is NOT considered hallucinogenic is: a. methamphetamine. b. amphetamine. c. Ecstasy (MDMA). d. hashish.
A
A blood alcohol concentration of _____ percent typically produces the symptoms of intoxication. a. 0.01 b. 0.06 c. 0.09 d. 0.55
C
If a physician wanted to relieve a patient's anxiety with a treatment that carries a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician should prescribe: a. barbiturates. b. alcohol. c. benzodiazepines. d. cocaine.
C
When alcohol abuse results in a vitamin B deficiency, this can lead to: a. delirium tremens. b. Tourette's syndrome. c. Korsakoff's syndrome. d. alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.
C
Which of the following is a legal stimulant? a. alcohol b. cocaine c. amphetamines d. caffeine
D
After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with two broken legs and one broken arm. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was MOST likely a(n): a. opioid. b. sedative. c. barbiturate. d. amphetamine.
A
Of the following people, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance use disorder would be a(n): a. American Indian. b. African American. c. non-Hispanic white American. d. Asian American.
A
Someone who drinks alcohol and takes Valium is at risk of death because the substances create a(n): a. synergistic effect. b. antagonistic action. c. reward deficiency. d. dependency.
A
How long does delirium tremens (the DTs) last? a. less than 24 hours b. 2 or 3 days c. about a week d. up to 10 days
B
The chief danger of LSD use is: a. the risk of developing drug tolerance. b. the possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions. c. the severity of withdrawal symptoms among even occasional users. d. the universal occurrence of flashbacks among former users.
B
The proportion of Americans older than age 11 who smoke is approximately: a. one-tenth. b. one-fifth. c. one-half. d. two-thirds
B
Today, amphetamines are most likely to be prescribed: a. to relieve the symptoms of narcolepsy. b. to relieve the symptoms of asthma. c. during treatment for heroin addiction. d. for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B
Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used: a. heroin. b. alcohol. c. cocaine. d. Xanax.
C
Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change? a. Amphetamines b. Alcohol c. LSD d. Caffeine
C
Which form of cocaine ingestion produces the LEAST powerful effect for a given dose? a. intravenous injection b. smoking in a cigarette c. smoking in a pipe d. snorting
D
Which is NOT a risk for young people abusing cocaine? a. heart attacks b. respiratory failure c. miscarriage d. macular degeneration
D
Which statement BEST describes the changes in the rate of opioid addiction in the United States over the past 30 to 40 years? a. a slow but steady increase b. relatively constant rates for 20-plus years, followed by a sudden decrease c. minor increases and decreases throughout the years d. up-and-down shifts throughout the years, with rates currently being high
D
Henry is drinking at a party. The first effects he experiences are changes in: a. the language center. b. judgment. c. memory. d. motor control.
B
Quent recently quit using heroin. He won't eat, has a high fever, and has been vomiting frequently. Quent is MOST likely how far along in the withdrawal process? a. the first two to four hours b. the first two to three days c. about halfway through, around day 5 or 6 d. on day 8
B
What is the purpose of an antagonist drug? a. to stop pain receptor function throughout the body b. to block or change the effect of an addictive drug c. to eliminate withdrawal effects as one stops taking a drug d. to create a placebo effect to replace a drug's effect
B
A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: a. withdrawal symptoms. b. tolerance. c. hallucinosis. d. intoxication.
B
According to the developmental psychopathology view, substance use disorders typically begin with: a. an internalizing temperament. b. genetically inherited predispositions. c. the occurrence of a significant stressor. d. witnessing someone else abuse a substance.
B
The MOST powerful form of cannabis is: a. ganja. b. hashish. c. marijuana. d. free-based THC.
B
Which structure is NOT part of the brain's reward circuit? a. the nucleus accumbens b. the hypothalamus c. the hippocampus d. the amygdala
B
The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone: a. use increases the risk of contracting AIDS. b. costs more than $50 a day per person treated. c. produces withdrawal that is sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal. d. needs to be taken several times per day according to a rigid schedule
C
All of the following are powerful opioid pain medications, EXCEPT: a. OxyContin. b. Percocet. c. Vicodin. d. Ativan.
D
Research indicates that the students MOST likely to binge drink: a. are athletes. b. are non-Hispanic white males. c. live on campus. d. live in a sorority or fraternity house.
D
What is the typical psychological response to a low dose of cannabis? a. odd visual experiences b. heightened energy and alertness c. anxiety and irritation d. feelings of joy and relaxation
D
Among teenagers, vaping: a. is becoming rapidly more popular. b. is declining in popularity. c. has never been very popular. d. has been popular for a long time.
A
Which of these is a depressant? a. opioids b. cocaine c. LSD d. amphetamines
A
An individual who has recently taken a drug angrily grabs some car keys and attempts to drive home. The person appears anxious, keeps bragging that driving the car won't really be that difficult, and states that he can do anything. MOST likely, that person is experiencing: a. delirium tremens. b. cocaine intoxication. c. Korsakoff's syndrome. d. hallucinosis.
B
Barbara thought she was taking an aspirin but became very nauseated later after drinking a glass of wine. It was then that she realized the pill was: a. naloxone. b. disulfiram. c. naltrexone. d. methadone.
B
Cocaine appears to produce its effects primarily through triggering the release of excessive amounts of _____ in the brain. a. serotonin b. dopamine c. norepinephrine d. GABA
B
What is the most common symptom of caffeine withdrawal? a. anxiety b. a headache c. fever d. depression
B
Which statement BEST describes Internet use disorder? a. This addiction disorder, first listed in DSM-5, refers to an uncontrollable need to be online at all times. b. Although not an official diagnosis, systems of this pattern are similar to those seen in substance use disorder and gambling disorder. c. Internet use disorder is a "disorder" created by the media; it does not reflect any consistent pattern of behavior or symptoms. d. This is a label that individuals apply to themselves to denote that they spend a lot of time online.
B
An example of a sedative-hypnotic is: a. LSD. b. cocaine. c. a benzodiazepine. d. amphetamine.
C
Deborah frequently speaks in front of large groups. To calm her anxiety, she usually has a couple of glasses of wine before beginning to speak. This "medicinal" use of alcohol can be explained MOST easily: a. by opponent-process theory. b. through molecular biological analysis. c. by operant conditioning. d. as genetic predisposition.
C
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in: a. excessively large babies. b. sudden infant death syndrome (SID. c. fetal alcohol syndrome. d. neonatal Korsakoff's syndrome.
C
Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension. A person with which view of substance abuse would MOST likely agree with this statement? a. the biological view b. the sociocultural view c. the cognitive-behavioral view d. the psychodynamic view
C
One longitudinal study found that men who develop alcoholism were initially MORE: a. antisocial as adolescents. b. aggressive as children. c. impulsive as teenagers. d. depressed as teenagers.
C
The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in dependence or addiction is: a. morphine. b. cannabis. c. heroin. d. LSD.
C
Benzodiazepines work in much the same way as: a. alcohol. b. nicotine. c. LSD. d. cannabis.
A
Which class of drug has the LOWEST addiction potential? a. opioids b. amphetamines c. cannabis d. alcohol
C
Roughly how many cups of coffee would one have to drink to ingest a fatal dose of caffeine? a. 15 b. 25 c. 40 d. 100
D
The perceptual distortions that some drugs produce are called: a. intoxication. b. substance dependence. c. substance abuse. d. hallucinosis.
D
The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as: a. cirrhosis. b. hemorrhaging. c. vasoconstriction. d. Korsakoff's syndrome.
A
Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users? a. Heroin facilitates the body's receptivity to AIDS. b. Heroin lowers immune system function. c. Heroin is a good medium in which viruses can grow. d. Heroin users often share needles that can be infected
D
Alcohol is a factor in approximately _____ of all college dropouts. a. half b. one-third c. one-fourth d. one-tenth
C
Which of these would NOT be considered a drug? a. heroin b. caffeine c. sugar d. nicotine
C
"Alcoholism is a disease. You are an alcoholic for life, and you must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is: a. Alcoholics Anonymous. b. psychodynamic therapy. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. d. behavioral therapy
A
. A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when she tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed: a. withdrawal reactions. b. increased tolerance. c. hallucinosis. d. intoxication.
A
A heroin overdose is likely to occur in someone who: a. takes heroin for a while, stops for a time, then starts again, taking the same amount he or she last took. b. takes the same dose of heroin over a prolonged period. c. gradually, but consistently, takes larger doses of heroin. d. takes heroin for a long time and then begins using a lower than usual dose.
A
A high school student asks you, "What's the big deal about using pot at school, anyway? It's not going to hurt me." You want to correct this misconception. The MOST accurate reply you can give is: a. "Being high makes it harder for you to remember what you just learned, even if you try to concentrate." b. "Long-term use of marijuana kills brain cells. You won't be able to learn new things and will forget what you did know." c. "Are you kidding? Even one-time use of marijuana can cause stroke or a heart attack." d. "Marijuana is bad for your social life. People don't like to associate with drug users."
A
A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their words. The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely this drug is a: a. depressant. b. hallucinogen. c. stimulant. d. polydrug.
A
A person who uses LSD begins to taste colors and see music. This person is experiencing: a. synesthesia. b. hallucinosis. c. flashbacks. d. a "high."
A
A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from "soldiers' disease" MOST likely was suffering from: a. morphine dependence. b. THC-induced symptoms from wound binding made of hemp cloth. c. alcohol dependence. d. cirrhosis caused by drinking medicine dissolved in ethyl alcohol
A
According to the chart in your textbook, teenagers say that the drug easiest for them to obtain is: a. alcohol. b. nicotine (cigarettes). c. marijuana. d. amphetamines.
A
Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should: a. cease drinking entirely. b. learn to stop after one drink. c. be taught to drink more moderately. d. admit that they are morally reprehensible for drinking
A
An individual goes to a casino two weekends every year. While there, she usually loses several thousand dollars gambling. Between casino visits, she neither gambles nor thinks much about gambling. Which statement is the MOST accurate assessment of this behavior? a. This behavior is not a gambling disorder. b. This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't gamble often enough. c. This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't lose enough money. d. This behavior is a gambling disorder.
A
Cocaine and amphetamines produce _____ behavioral effects and _____ emotional effects. a. similar; similar b. similar; different c. different; similar d. different; different
A
DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorders. This change is considered important because it: a. suggests that people may become addicted to behaviors, not just substances. b. defines an addiction as something that requires medical or psychological intervention. c. provides support for the concept that addiction is related solely to the reward circuit. d. means all of the treatments for substance use disorder can also be used to treat gambling addiction.
A
Freebasing has the effect of making cocaine: a. more concentrated. b. injectable.
A
If a doctor in the United States declines to prescribe THC for her patients, this is MOST likely because: a. of legal reasons. b. there are no medical benefits from THC use. c. most of her patients would be hostile to the idea. d. she worries about the patients becoming addicted.
A
If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we would expect to find the lowest concordance rates for cocaine abuse among: a. genetically unrelated pairs of people. b. parents and their children. c. identical twins. d. siblings of the same gender
A
In general, aversion therapy and contingency management for substance use disorders are more successful when: a. the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue. b. the behavioral treatments are not combined with other forms of treatment. c. the focus of therapy is strictly behavioral (not cognitive-behavioral). d. the clients are older than 18 years of age.
A
Irina, who has a husband who abuses alcohol, goes to meetings with other people in similar situations as a coping mechanism. She probably attends meetings of: a. Al-Anon. b. Alcoholics Anonymous. c. Above the Influence. d. Phoenix House.
A
Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users starting around the year 2000. This trend MOST likely reflects the fact that: a. the THC content in marijuana has increased. b. people started using marijuana at earlier ages. c. marijuana is now consumed via multiple routes. d. medical marijuana is legal in a number of states.
A
Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of: a. tolerance. b. resistance. c. withdrawal. d. dependence.
A
Priyanka took a drug 90 minutes ago. Now she sits alone quietly, intently looking at individual blades of grass that are a brilliant purple and intensely listening to the sap running in a nearby tree. The person MOST likely took the drug: a. LSD. b. cocaine. c. marijuana. d. methamphetamine.
A
Research suggests that people continue to use tobacco despite its health risks because: a. they are addicted to nicotine. b. they are not aware of the dangers. c. it decreases their level of stress. d. it is acceptable to smoke in U.S. culture.
A
Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups than others, and generally are more common among some groups than among others. Together, these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance use disorders? a. the sociocultural view b. the biological view c. the cognitive-behavioral view d. the psychodynamic view
A
Shayla took a fairly large dose of cocaine orally 2 hours ago. The effects are now wearing off. She will probably experience: a. depression, headaches, dizziness, and fainting. b. pain, sweating, mania, and nausea. c. excitement, insomnia, and hallucinations. d. dramatic tremors of the hands and face, very rapid heart rate, and convulsions.
A
What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to LSD as compared with the risk of other addictive drugs? a. minimal b. more than most of the other drugs c. about the same as the depressants d. about the same as the stimulants
A
Which effect on a child has NOT been associated with maternal cocaine use during pregnancy? a. enlarged heart b. predispositions to later drug use c. abnormalities in immune functioning d. attention and learning deficits
A
Which of these is a feature of Alcoholics Anonymous? a. peer support b. residential services c. controlled drinking d. antagonistic medication
A
Which of these is a negative effect of cannabis use? a. lower sperm counts and abnormal ovulation b. increased risk of depressing the central nervous system c. significantly increased pulse and heart rate d. strong withdrawal symptoms upon stopping
A
Which person would be MOST likely to develop alcoholism? a. a lower-socioeconomic-class person living in a high-unemployment area b. a lower-socioeconomic-class person living in a low-unemployment area c. a higher-socioeconomic-class person living in a high-unemployment area d. a higher-socioeconomic-class person living in a low-unemployment area
A
Your friend has been restless all day and suddenly insists that the two of you go to the casino. You know your friend has been to the casino multiple times in the past two weeks and that he also has an important research paper he should be working on. However, he relentlessly pursues the idea of going to the casino. Does your friend qualify for the diagnosis of gambling disorder? a. Maybe; the restlessness and prioritizing of gambling over other responsibilities could be signs of gambling disorder. b. Maybe; your friend's behavior seems out of control, but his desire to have a friend go with him is contradictory. c. Most likely no; the frequency of the gambling is not consistent with someone with gambling disorder, and there are no signs of impairment as a result of gambling. d. No; mood is not related to gambling, and your friend's behavior doesn't seem out of control yet.
A
A college professor's work performance has recently deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: a. substance intoxication. b. substance use disorder. c. tolerance. d. withdrawal.
B
A friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. The response that is MOST appropriate is: a. drink lots of coffee. b. stop drinking. c. take an ice-cold shower. d. drink carbonated soda.
B
A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): a. psychodynamic therapist. b. cognitive-behavioral therapist. c. sociocultural therapist. d. biologically oriented therapist.
B
Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying: a. withdrawal. b. substance use disorder. c. binge drinking. d. delirium tremens.
B
Although Cassandra used a substance at noon, she stays awake and alert. Yet, even though she is awake, she experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. The symptoms have almost completely gone away by dinnertime. Cassandra MOST likely: a. drank a substantial amount of alcohol. b. took LSD. c. injected heroin. d. took a dose of barbiturates.
B
An acquaintance of yours uses Ecstasy and says, "Wow! I was totally energized and tripping. It was like LSD and meth combined." Your acquaintance's experience with Ecstasy was: a. very unusual; the drug usually acts as a central nervous system depressant. b. common; the drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. c. uncommon; the drug has stimulant but not hallucinogenic properties. d. uncommon; the drug has hallucinogenic but not stimulant properties.
B
Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance use disorders? a. the sociocultural view b. the biological view c. the opponent-process view d. the behavioral view
B
Buprenorphine is increasingly used where the usual drug to prescribe would be: a. naloxone. b. methadone. c. disulfiram. d. anandamide
B
Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause: a. increased production of GABA. b. decreased production of GABA. c. decreased breakdown of GABA. d. increased growth of GABA-producing cells.
B
Clinton smokes some cannabis at noon. When should the effects wear off? a. by 1 p.m. b. later that afternoon, most likely by 6 p.m. c. late that evening, definitely by midnight d. the following morning
B
Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards—and eventual release from the program—if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of: a. behavioral self-control training (BSCT). b. contingency management. c. relapse-prevention training. d. detoxification.
B
In most U.S. states, marijuana is legal: a. for both medical and recreational uses. b. for medical use but not for recreational use. c. under the same laws that regulate tobacco use. d. only for use in end-of-life care.
B
Lydia just gave birth to a child with a pattern of physical and psychological abnormalities likely caused by Lydia's drinking heavily throughout her pregnancy. The child has: a. Korsakoff's syndrome. b. fetal alcohol syndrome. c. alcohol abuse syndrome. d. substance abuse syndrome
B
Mary takes a drug and feels excited, energetic, and like she could take on the world. Those feelings fade in a few hours. Mary exhibited intoxication, which is actually a form of: a. tolerance. b. temporary change. c. hallucination. d. substance dependence.
B
Melanie has been out with friends and using drugs. Despite being obviously uncoordinated and under theinfluence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: a. addiction. b. intoxication. c. hallucinosis. d. physical dependence.
B
Olena is trying to quit smoking and has tried many different methods. Which of the following is not one of those methods? a. nicotine nasal spray b. subcutaneous nicotine pump c. nicotine patch d. psychotropic drugs
B
Ophelia is a long-time serious drinker. She is now in treatment and going through withdrawal, including terrifying visual hallucinations. This symptom of withdrawal is called: a. Korsakoff's syndrome. b. delirium tremens. c. anxiolysis. d. cirrhosis.
B
Relapse-prevention training to treat substance misuse differs from aversion therapy in that the goal is to: a. stop using the substance completely b. gain control over one's use of the substance. c. slow the development of tolerance over time. d. offset the negative effects of using the substance.
B
Research has shown that, compared with other cognitive-behavioral techniques, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for substance use disorder is: a. more effective and the preferred treatment. b. at least as effective and sometimes more effective. c. typically less effective, except in cases of alcohol misuse. d. effective only when used in combination with biological treatments.
B
Robert has just taken marijuana. Nine hours later he is still feeling noticeably "high." Robert has most likely _____ the marijuana. a. smoked b. eaten c. intramuscularly injected d. intravenously injected
B
Sam has just had an injection of heroin. He feels intense pleasure very quickly, an effect known as a: a. nod. b. rush. c. high. d. boost.
B
Which statement BEST describes cannabis use in the United States? a. Cannabis is native to the United States and has been used for several centuries in North America for medical and recreational purposes. b. Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for medical purposes. c. Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for recreational purposes. d. Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was used from the beginning for both recreational and medical purposes.
B
Why is fentanyl more dangerous than either morphine or heroin? a. Its effects last much longer. b. It is more potent than either. c. It is more likely to contain toxic impurities. d. The delayed onset of its effects makes overdoses more likely.
B
A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness but has not died. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as percent of blood volume, is: a. 0.03. b. 0.09. c. 0.40. d. 0.70.
C
A researcher reports that a drug directly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than acting through indirect stimulation of a reward center. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT: a. powdered cocaine. b. methamphetamine. c. marijuana. d. caffeine.
C
A therapist applies a small electric shock to a client every time that person views an image of a cigarette. The client develops an intense dislike of cigarettes and quits smoking. This therapy is based on: a. operant conditioning. b. modeling. c. classical conditioning. d. contingency management.
C
According to research, 23 percent of unemployed adults use an illegal drug. By comparison, the rate for employed adults is approximately: a. 9 percent. b. 11 percent. c. 14 percent. d. 17 percent.
C
Approximately what percentage of smokers are eventually able to stop? a. 20 percent b. 40 percent c. 60 percent d. 80 percent
C
As part of his substance abuse treatment, Fred documents each time he uses the substance and develops strategies to avoid using the substance. He is MOST likely receiving: a. contingency management training. b. aversion therapy. c. relapse-prevention training. d. cognitive-antagonist training (CA.
C
Because Gregory commonly injects heroin, he feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of: a. modeling. b. operant conditioning. c. classical conditioning. d. observational learning.
C
Binge drinking is defined as drinking at least _____ drinks on a single occasion. a. three b. four c. five d. six
C
Despite concerns regarding the use of methadone maintenance programs, those in favor of such programs commonly argue that they: a. create a more manageable form of addiction. b. are highly effective over a very short period. c. help reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis C. d. enable patients to more easily "step down" their use.
C
Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following EXCEPT: a. giving the client other drugs to reduce substance withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. b. gradually reducing the dose of the substance the client uses. c. initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive. d. treating the client in either an outpatient program or a "full-service" inpatient program.
C
How do delirium tremens (DTs) differ from other withdrawal reactions? a. People who experience DTs are less likely to relapse. b. There are no known medical procedures to assist someone experiencing DTs. c. DTs are associated with serious health consequences that could result in death. d. DTs occur only after someone has completely quit alcohol, versus just reducing intake
C
In the DSM-5, caffeine use disorder is: a. listed as an official category. b. not acknowledged as a psychological condition. c. described as a condition that may warrant future inclusion. d. described as being something other than a substance use disorder.
C
Joshua is a recovering alcoholic. After treatment, he learned how to recognize situations that might cause him to drink and signs that he should stop drinking. What is this known as? a. aversive therapy b. ego-control therapy c. relapse-prevention training d. behavioral self-control training
C
Kelli was killed by her boyfriend after she confronted him during one of his drinking binges. How common is this kind of event? a. Uncommon; alcoholism is a factor in less than 1 percent of all homicides. b. Somewhat uncommon; alcohol is a factor in approximately 5 percent of all homicides. c. Common; alcohol is a factor in at least one-third of all homicides. d. Extremely common; alcohol is a factor in nearly three-fourths of all homicides.
C
Months after last taking a drug, a former drug abuser still has flashbacks to the sensory and emotional changes experienced during the experience. MOST likely, the abused substance was: a. Ecstasy. b. cannabis. c. LSD. d. a benzodiazepine.
C
Nick suffers from anxiety and drinks to calm himself down. Researchers have found that at least _____ of all adults who suffer from psychological disorders also display substance use disorders. a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 20 percent d. 30 percent
C
Pat and Kelly each have five servings of the same cocktail. They are of comparable body weight. Pat gets very drunk. Kelly does not. Which factor would MOST likely account for this difference? a. Pat is older than Kelly. b. Pat is healthier than Kelly. c. Pat is a woman, and Kelly is a man. d. Pat is non-Hispanic white, and Kelly is African American
C
Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance use disorders because: a. they teach only new behaviors, not new thought patterns. b. they teach only new thought patterns, not new behaviors. c. finding the cause of a substance use disorder is less important than treating the use as an independent problem. d. psychodynamic therapists unilaterally reject any use of multidimensional treatment programs.
C
Research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the reward circuit of the brain is probably: a. acetylcholine. b. anandamide. c. dopamine. d. one of the endorphins.
C
Scientists have conducted breeding experiments by mating across generations of nonhumans that prefer alcohol. What have these researchers found? a. Alcohol preference is not genetic. b. One or a few of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes but still more than the norm. c. Generally, the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes. d. The preference for alcohol is seen only in male subjects.
C
Studies show that students living in substance-free dorms engage in binge drinking about ____ as often as students living in fraternity or sorority houses. a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent
C
The "high" produced by using narcotics is due to the drug: a. causing an increased release of serotonin. b. blocking GABA activity. c. attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins. d. flooding neurotransmitter synapses with dopamine.
C
The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called: a. tolerance. b. intoxication disorder. c. substance use disorder. d. hallucinosis.
C
Two people of the same gender consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this difference is due to differences in: a. food intake, specifically food eaten immediately after drinking concluded. b. activity level while drinking; increased activity increases the metabolism rate. c. liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers. d. breathing rate; people who breathe more often can exhale the carbon dioxide by-product of alcohol metabolism faster.
C
Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because they: a. have a higher proportion of body fat. b. drink alcohol in more concentrated forms. c. have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol. d. metabolize alcohol in the liver less well.
C
. A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. This patient is MOST likely suffering from: a. fetal alcohol syndrome. b. cirrhosis. c. withdrawal delirium. d. Korsakoff's syndrome.
D
A friend asks which theory best explains how gambling disorder develops. Based on current research, the BEST response is: a. Psychodynamic theory explains it best. b. Sociocultural theory offers the best explanation. c. Cognitive theory provides the most useful explanation. d. No one is really sure; we need more research
D
A friend tells you that she's been diagnosed with gambling disorder. She asks you which kind of therapy works best. Based on current research, your BEST response is: a. Short-term psychodynamic therapy seems best. b. Drugs alone should do the trick. c. I'd suggest drug therapy plus cognitive-behavioral therapies. d. I'd suggest cognitive-behavioral therapies, biological therapies, and self-help groups.
D
A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than directly stimulating it. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT: a. alcohol. b. opium. c. marijuana. d. cocaine.
D
Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive: a. norepinephrine. b. serotonin. c. dopamine. d. GABA.
D
Andy, who is dependent on alcohol, is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is: a. common, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking. b. common, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking. c. uncommon, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking. d. uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.
D
EMTs responding to an emergency call find a person who has injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. The BEST opioid antagonist to use in this situation is: a. dezocine. b. naltrexone. c. disulfiram. d. naloxone.
D
Ian felt a great burst of energy after taking a substance at a rave. He also experienced strong feelings of attachment and connectedness to others at the event. Ian MOST likely: a. smoked cannabis. b. ingested cannabis. c. took Xanax. d. took Ecstasy.
D
In surveys, the leading reason teenagers gave for vaping was that it: a. is relaxing. b. offers a good time with friends. c. is a way to stop smoking. d. feels adventuresome.
D
In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at: a. higher levels in the brain, making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated. b. higher levels in the liver, making them more likely to develop cirrhosis. c. lower levels in the fatty tissue, making them more likely to retain alcohol. d. lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated.
D
Internet use disorder MOST accurately refers to people who: a. are online every day. b. communicate primarily through online modes. c. spend most of their recreational time online. d. spend all or most of their waking hours online.
D
Many decades ago, Lulu's grandmother's physician prescribed pills for her asthma. Which drug did the pills MOST likely contain? a. cocaine b. morphine c. barbiturates d. amphetamines
D
Most meth labs are relatively _____ operations in _____ areas. a. large; urban b. large; remote c. small; urban d. small; remote
D
Nate took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm. He then became drowsy and went to sleep. Nate MOST likely took: a. heroin. b. cocaine. c. cannabis. d. a barbiturate.
D
Probably the WORST thing a person who has "partied hard" with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to: a. drink four or more cups of coffee. b. eat a small to medium-sized meal. c. sleep it off without taking drugs to minimize aftereffects. d. take some barbiturates to fall asleep.
D
Self-help programs use _____ as evidence for their effectiveness. a. longitudinal studies b. laboratory experimentation c. cross-sectional surveys d. testimonials
D
Studies examining the effectiveness of gender-sensitive programs for treating substance abuse have shown that substance abusers of different genders have: a. about the same physical and psychological reactions to drugs. b. the same physical, but different psychological, reactions to drugs. c. different physical, but the same psychological, reactions to drugs. d. different physical and psychological reactions to drugs.
D
The vaping of cannabis is medically risky. It can damage the user's: a. mouth and esophagus. b. nervous system. c. heart. d. lungs
D
To treat her alcohol abuse, Danielle receives just enough of a drug that produces nausea when she tries to drink alcohol. Presumably, sufficient pairings of nausea and alcohol will reduce Danielle's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called: a. covert sensitization. b. contingency training. c. relapse-prevention training. d. aversion therapy.
D
Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone is: a. not a narcotic. b. a central nervous system depressor. c. non-habit forming. d. a synthetic drug.
D
What are some of the characteristics of an externalizing temperament? a. cheerfulness, outgoingness, and a readiness to cooperate with others b. moodiness, introversion, and a tendency to blame others for mishaps c. emotional positivity, industriousness, and goal-mindedness d. impulsivity, aggressiveness, and a low tolerance for frustration
D
What are some of the characteristics of an internalizing temperament? a. self-discipline, rigid thinking, and a tendency toward self-blame b. cheerfulness, outgoingness, and a readiness to cooperate with others c. easygoingness, laziness, and a lack of direction in life d. fearfulness, depression, and negative thinking
D
What is the most direct evidence for a genetic explanation for substance use disorders? a. data from surveys of adults with alcohol use disorder b. higher rates of alcohol preference demonstrated in breeding studies c. the study finding that fraternal twins have a concordance rate of 30 percent for substance use disorder d. the study finding that individuals with substance use disorder are more likely to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene
D
Which action to combat the opioid epidemic has met with some success in the last decade? a. reducing the availability of opioids on the illegal market b. stiffening the legal penalties for illegal opioid consumption c. shrinking demand for opioids by providing safe alternatives d. reducing the number of prescriptions for opioid painkillers
D
Which class of drug has the HIGHEST risk of causing severe, lasting mental and behavioral changes? a. opioids b. barbiturates c. benzodiazepines d. alcohol
D
Which statement BEST describes the prevalence of alcoholism in non-Hispanic white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men? a. Prevalence rates among all three groups are essentially the same. b. African Americans have the highest rates of alcoholism, followed by non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans. c. Alcoholism rates are highest for older non-Hispanic white Americans. d. Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans.
D
William takes two drugs at the same time and experiences antagonistic effects. William most likely took which combination of drugs? a. LSD and cocaine b. alcohol and barbiturates c. cocaine and amphetamine d. barbiturates and cocaine
D
You are making a presentation on the dangers of cocaine use. Which factor should you list as the MOST important consideration? a. increased risk of being assaulted during drug-related crimes b. higher risk for contracting AIDS c. damage to mucous membranes d. overdose effects
D