Abnormal Psychology Exam #2

Discuss what studies have shown about gender differences in schizophrenia. For example, in what ways are the presentation and course of the disorder similar or different between the genders?

- 1:1 ratio - men have more symptoms than women - women have a later age of onset (28) than men (23)

Depression has a number of psychological and interpersonal risk factors and/or causes. Identify and define/explain TWO psychological and/or interpersonal factors that increase the risk of developing depression?

- Negative Speak - Errors in thinking/cognitive triad - learned helplessness/attribution - rejection sensitivity - excessive reassurance seeking

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins?

50%

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders? a. recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event b. A compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event c. reduced responsiveness to the world around one d. signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions.

A compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

which of the following statements provides accurate information about depression?

Comorbidity with other disorders across the lifetime is the norm rather than the exception.

Researchers have found evidence of abnormal activity of _______ in the urine, blood, and saliva of those who have PTSD.

Cortisol and norepinepherine

A friend asks what you have learned about effective PTSD treatment in class. You tell them that treatment approaches that include ___________ have the best outcomes.

Exposure

Which of the following is NOT a physical symptom of depression?

Increase in goal-directed activity

Which is NOT a specifier (or type) of major depressive disorder? a. Atypical b. Seasonal c. Melancholic d. Posttraumatic

Posttraumatic

A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing alogia is displaying:

Poverty of speech

Not all people who experience a traumatic event develop a stress disorder. You have two friends that were present at the same traumatic event. Friend A went on to develop PTSD while Friend B did not. Please identify: 2 pre-traumatic, 2 peri-traumatic and 2 post-traumatic risk factors for developing PTSD that could help explain the difference in outcome between the 2 friends.

Pre: - lower SES growing up - experienced childhood trauma Peri: severity of trauma - interpersonal violence Post: - coping with blaming or anger - repeated exposure to the event

Ruminative responses are defined as:

Repeatedly mentally dwelling on ones mood without acting to change it.

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be:

Social anxiety disorder

Which of the following statements about mania and bipolar disorder is NOT correct? a. 90% of people who experience a manic episode will experience future mood episodes b. Men and women experience bipolar disorder at similar rates c. The duration criteria for a manic episode is 1 week, or any duration if hospitalization is needed d. a diagnosis of rapid cycling bipolar disorder requires 4+ mood episodes per week

a diagnosis of rapid cycling bipolar disorder requires 4+ mood episodes per week

On an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. After four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road in order to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing:

a manic phase of bipolar I disorder

A person who witnessed a horrible car accident and then became usually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing:

acute stress disorder

if you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n)

brain seizure

The disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms is called:

cyclothymic disorder

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:

delusions of persecution

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

delusions of reference

You meet an individual with schizophrenia who is no longer taking their medications and is now experiencing significant symptoms of the illness. This person has tried both typical (old) antipsychotics as well as atypical (new) antipsychotics, and each time has stopped the medications against medical advice. The family is VERY upset that these medications have been stopped over the years, and cannot understand why. Based on what you know about these two classes of medications, what would you want the family to know about the reason people stop taking them?

general effectiveness: effective for less % of people, mostly for positive symptoms. Typical antipsychotics: parkinsonian symptoms and NMS, TD atypical antipsychotics: weight gain, diabetes, increase in anxiety.

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT: a. neurotransmitter activity b. ion activity c. hormonal functioning d. genetic factors

hormonal functioning

According to the behavioral (two-factor theory) theory, PTSD:

is developed due to classical conditioning and maintained due to operant conditioning.

According to Criteria A for PTSD, a trauma may include all of the following except: a. directly experiencing the threat of death or serious injury b. witnessing events that threatened death or serious injury of others c. learning about traumatic events that occurred to an acquaintance d. repeated exposure to adverse details of traumatic events

learning about traumatic events that occurred to an acquaintance

Rose experiences extremes in mood that occur for weeks at a time, ranging from exhilarating highs to debilitating lows. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:

lithium

A person with schizophrenia who says "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered" is experiencing:

neologisms

What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of depression?

unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss

Hallucinations are to ______, as delusions are to __________

perceptions; beliefs

The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the:

prodromal phase

The neurotransmitters most associated with depression are:

serotonin and norepinephrine

To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for at least:

two weeks

Which is NOT a component of social anxiety disorder, according to research by cognitive theorists? a. underestimating how badly a social event went b. overestimating how badly things might go during a social event c. thinking they have social flaws, which leads to anxiety d. repeatedly reviewing social events after they have occured

underestimating how badly a social event went

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

viral theory