Abnormal Psychology Exam 3

Which of the following is common to both gambling disorder and substance use disorders? Withdrawal symptoms Craving Tolerance All of the options are correct

All of the options are correct

In the general population, the prevalence of personality disorders is estimated to be approximately________%. 12 2 6 10

10

What percentage of individuals with aneorexia nervosa die as a result of their disorder? 20 5 40 15

20

People with which of the following disorder perform actions that most of us would find unacceptable, and they tend to be irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful? Schizophrenia Antisocial personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Borderline personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders? Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing"), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria. Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue. Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system. At high doses, amphetamine use can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

At high doses, amphetamine use can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Which of the following rhetorical questions summarizes the "kind/degree" debate? How can a person be a disordered if the person is not distressed? Are personality disorders just an extreme variant of normal personality, or are they distinctly different disorders? Do personality disorders exist? Should personality disorders be in five clusters or seven clusters?

Are personality disorders just an extreme variant of normal personality, or are they distinctly different disorders?

What is the difference between gender dysphoria and transvestic fetishism? Gender dysphoria has to do with one's sense of identity, while transvestic fetishism is only about sexual gratification. Gender dysphoria is a formal diagnosis in the DSM and transvestic fetishism is not. Gender dysphoria is not harmful, while transvestic fetishism can be dangerous. There are no differences, hence the revisions to DSM-5 to combine them into a single diagnosis.

Gender dysphoria has to do with one's sense of identity, while transvestic fetishism is only about sexual gratification.

When Axel arrives late for class, he walks in with a grand entrance and apologizes to the professor and the students in class. He proceeds to tell them he had every intention of being at class on time, but the traffic was terrible and many accidents occurred, which delayed him. Axel describes this in much exaggerated detail before he takes his seat. This commonly happens every time he is late. Axel could be diagnosed with which personality disorder? Borderline Paranoid Histrionic Narcissistic

Histrionic

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of Schizoidtypal Personality Disorder Snape Bruce Wayne Buster Bluth Michael Scott

Bruce Wayne

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of Dependent Personality Disorder? Buster Bluth Regina Brittney Spears Michael Scott

Buster Bluth

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of Dependent Personality Disorder? Michael Scott Buster Bluth Regina Brittney Spears

Buster Bluth

Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana. They both report great satisfaction and excitement with this activity. In fact, Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself, and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress. Which of the following statements is true? Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur. Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with an exhibitionist or voyeuristic disorder because these behaviors involve consenting individuals. Greg has gender dysphoria, and Diana has a fetishistic disorder. Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviors.

Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with an exhibitionist or voyeuristic disorder because these behaviors involve consenting individuals.

What explains the apparent stimulation, feeling of well-being, and outgoing behavior as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion? Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain Depression of the autonomic nervous system

Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain

What does alcohol do for sexual arousal and behavior? It facilitates them, but only in specific environments. It reduces inhibition but suppresses arousal. It facilitates arousal but inhibits behaviors. It suppresses them.

It reduces inhibition but suppresses arousal.

According to Gray, which of the following is NOT a major brain system that influences learning and emotional behavior? Fight-or-flight system Limbic system Reward system Behavioral inhibition system

Limbic system

Which of the following statements is true with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa? Anti-anxiety medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Antipsychotic medications have been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Obstructive Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of Histrionic Personality Disorder Brittney Spears Michael Scott Cruella de Vil Sheldon Cooper

Michael Scott

Which of the following statements is true about male hypoactive sexual desire disorder? For men, the prevalence of this disorder decreases with age. It is the most common presenting complaint of both men and women. More than 50% of the problems who come to sexuality clinics for help complain of this disorder For women, the prevalence of this disorder increases with age.

More than 50% of the problems who come to sexuality clinics for help complain of this disorder

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder? Ms. A, who is married to a man but often fantasizes about sex with women Mr. B, who is sexually aroused by rubbing against strangers on the subway Ms. C, who stumbled across a video of animals having sex and enjoyed watching it Mr. D, who feels like he is addicted to masturbation, sometimes doing it five times per day

Mr. B, who is sexually aroused by rubbing against strangers on the subway

DSM-5 personality disorders are grouped into three clusters. Which of the following most accurately represents the three clusters? Odd or eccentric; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; anxious or fearful Odd or eccentric; dangerous or inconsistent; shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn Shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn; anxious or fearful; dangerous or inconsistent Shy or withdrawn; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; bizarre or thought-disordered

Odd or eccentric; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; anxious or fearful

Which type of people are sensitive to criticism and have an excessive need for autonomy? Paranoid personality disorder Schizophrenia Schizotypal personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder

Paranoid personality disorder

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of paranoid personality disorder? Michael Jackson Brittney Spears Regina Snape

Regina

Which of the following statements is true about narcissistic personality disorder? All of these are correct Reports of treatment success are limited. This disorder is on the decline in Western societies. Recently there has been a great deal of research on this disorder

Reports of treatment success are limited.

________ are individuals who receive a sexual thrill from inflicting pain on others, and ________ are individuals who receive a sexual thrill from receiving physical pain. Paraphiliacs; transvestites Sadists; masochists Masochists; sadists Transvestites; paraphiliacs

Sadists; masochists

According to the classical conditioning model of learning, which boy might grow up to be a voyeur? Tim, whose father is a voyeur Lee, who watches a lot of pornography Sam, who masturbates while peeping at his neighbor Ming, who thinks it's funny to spy on people

Sam, who masturbates while peeping at his neighbor

Which character was discussed in the lecture as an example of Schizoid Personality Disorder Snape Michael Jackson Michael Scott Bruce Wayne

Snape

Martin sits up every night screaming. He does not remember these terrors, nor is he easily awakened or comforted. What should Martin's mother do? Wake Martin up during the attack. Make sure that Martin is very tired before going to bed. All of these have been demonstrated to reduce the frequency and duration of sleep terrors. Use scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken Martin before an attack occurs.

Use scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken Martin before an attack occurs.

Which of the following represents the typical profile of a patient with either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa? Young female, highly competitive Any age female, few friends Young female, history of depression Young female, socially competitive environment

Young female, socially competitive environment

Individuals who complain about the quality of sleep despite sleeping a reasonable number of hours might be suffering from a sleepwalking disorder. a dream anxiety disorder. a dyssomnia. a parasomnia

a dyssomnia.

The hallmark of anorexia nervosa is a morbid fear of gaining weight and relentlessly pursue thinness. a binge-purge cycle. food refusal. 5% or lower weight than is expected for that height and body size.

a morbid fear of gaining weight and relentlessly pursue thinness.

Gender dysphoria is diagnosed when all of these are correct. an individual is born with ambiguous genitalia. a person's physical sex is inconsistent with the person's sense of who he or she really is. an individual receives sexual pleasure from cross-dressing.

a person's physical sex is inconsistent with the person's sense of who he or she really is.

Caffeine seems to block ____________________ reuptake. GABA adenosine serotonin dopamine

adenosine

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in the brain cells, the effects of ________ are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected. tranquilizers opiates alcohol marijuana

alcohol

Kleptomania seems to be highly comorbid with which type of disorders? Mood Obsessive-compulsive All of the answers Personality

all of these answers

According to the textbook, a possible cause of schizotypal personality disorder is all of these are correct environmental brain abnormalities genetic

all of these are correct

Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders may be due to tolerance of behavior in a culture. all of these are correct differences in help-seeking behavior. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician.

all of these are correct

The largest contributor to the obesity epidemic is the changing standards of beauty that people are resisting. the increase in amount of food available due to modern agricultural technology. an inactive, sedentary lifestyle combined with high-fat, high-energy diet the lack of nutritional science and understanding of human metabolism.

an inactive, sedentary lifestyle combined with high-fat, high-energy diet

The chief motivating factor in BOTH anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is a desire to purge. an overwhelming urge to be thin. an overwhelming drive to eat. a desire to starve oneself.

an overwhelming urge to be thin.

Marie has a history of being arrested for arson and shows no remorse for her destructive actions. Marie most likely has_______. schizoid personality disorder psychopathy schizotypal personality disorder antisocial personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder

The benzodiazepine medications are prescribed primarily to treat addiction pain depression anxiety

anxiety

Which of the following is the definition of anxiolytic? Anxiety-reducing Calming Antiseizure Sleep-inducing

anxiety-reducing

Schizoid personality disorder may share a biological predisposition with schizophrenia bipolar paranoia autism

autism

In Jill's psychotherapy sessions, the therapist has been using systematic desensitization to gradually make her more comfortable with social situations. Similar to the treatments used for individuals with social phobia, the therapist has given Jill homework assignments that require her to practice talking to strangers, join informal groups, and speak in front of small groups. Most likely, she is being treated for antisocial avoidant histrionic dependent

avoidant

Individuals who have excessive feelings of social inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and a need for reassurance are likely to develop either ________ personality disorder or ________ personality disorder. avoidant; dependent dependent; narcissistic narcissistic; antisocial antisocial; histrionic

avoidant; dependent

Steve steals money from his friends and family, lies to get what he wants, and often hurts others with no sign of guilt or remorse. Steve would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. paranoid narcissistic histrionic antisocial

antisocial

With which of the following personality disorders is the term psychopath closely associated? paranoid antisocial schizotypal schizoid

antisocial

According to your textbook, the features of voyeurism include fantasies involving the use of nonliving objects. sexually arousing fantasies involving the act of being humiliated. sexual urges involving the exposure of one's genitals. behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person undressing or naked to become aroused.

behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person undressing or naked to become aroused.

The integrative model of the causes of sleep disorders suggests that most individuals develop sleep disorders as a result of the interaction between genetics and bedtime habits. learning and family stress. biological and lifestyle factors. learning and cognition.

biological and lifestyle factors.

Nicole has difficulty maintaining relationships because she goes back and forth from being a best friend to hating people in her life. Her romantic relationships are always characterized by incredible loving passion alternating with episodes of horrible fighting, and sometimes she becomes violent. At times, Nicole becomes so upset that she cuts herself and reports that this makes her feel better emotionally. Nicole suffers from ________ narcissistic histrionic borderline dependent

borderline

Major signs of withdrawal do not usually occur with ___________. cannabis heroin cocaine nicotine

cannabis

All of the following substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT morphine heroin codeine cocaine

cocaine

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan would not be diagnosed with any disorder because she is of normal weight. not be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa because she is not purging. be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.

be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.

The disorder in which a man achieves orgasm only with great difficulty is called as premature ejaculation. postmature ejaculation. delayed ejaculation. vaginismus.

delayed ejaculation.

Treatment for schizoidtypal personality disorder includes developing trust treatment for comorbid schizophrenia building empathy developing social skills

developing social skills

Of the following, the only symptom that both patients with narcolepsy and patients with hypersomnia experience is sleep paralysis sudden loss of muscle tone. falling asleep during normal waking hours. hypnagogic hallucinations.

falling asleep during normal waking hours.

One prevalent outcome for individuals with schizoid personality disorder is anxiety. eating disorders. homelessness. drug abuse.

homelessness.

Of the following, the most accurate statement with regard to the treatment of avoidant personality disorder is that behavioral intervention programs for anxiety and social skills have had some success. individuals with this disorder are seldom sufficiently motivated to succeed in treatment. no well-controlled studies of treatment outcomes have been conducted. there are well-controlled studies, though none show any treatment success.

behavioral intervention programs for anxiety and social skills have had some success.

Two forms of maladaptive eating patterns associated with obesity are ________ and ________. pica; night eating syndrome night eating syndrome; caloric deregulative disorder binge eating disorder; night eating syndrome binge eating disorder; pica

binge eating disorder; night eating syndrome

A severe difficulty in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts is an example of sleep apnea. narcolepsy. hypersomnia. circadian rhythm disruption.

circadian rhythm disruption.

The fact that people who have unrealistic expectations, such as "I must sleep a full eight hours every night" or "I will be unable to function," are more likely to experience insomnia suggests that insomnia is at least partially influenced by cognition. early learning. our current hectic lifestyle. biological predisposition.

cognition

Rob is a 13-year-old boy who has been repeatedly arrested for theft and assault. In addition to shoplifting and other theft, he has been caught stealing money from his parents' wallets and his young sister's piggy bank. Rob shows no guilt or remorse for the many ways that he hurts others. Rob's current diagnosis is most likely narcissistic personality disorder. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. antisocial personality disorder. conduct disorder

conduct disorder

Among the opioids are both natural substances (opiates) and the synthetic narcotic called morphine methadone codeine heroin

methadone

According to the underarousal hypothesis, individuals with antisocial personality disorder may engage in their characteristic behaviors as a way to reduce the generally high level of arousal that they feel. provide a level of stimulation that most of us receive from more typical behaviors. deal with their fears. provide a sense of relief from the feelings of depression that they experience when they are not highly aroused.

provide a level of stimulation that most of us receive from more typical behaviors.

In terms of feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and need for reassurance, individuals with ________ personality disorder and ________ personality disorder are quite similar. dependent; avoidant schizoid; avoidant dependent; schizoid histrionic; antisocial

dependent; avoidant

Alcohol and the drugs Seconal, Amytal, and Valium are all classified as opiates stimulants depressants narcotics

depressants

Stimulation of the ________ neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure) probably causes the "high" associated with cocaine use. endorphin dopamine adrenaline serotonin

dopamine

Sensate focus and nondemand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through involving an objective third party. identifying medical conditions that contribute to sexual dysfunction. elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety. improving a couple's sexual skills.

elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety.

Charles gets very sexually excited by women's shoes. While he used to fantasize about women wearing particular shoes, he now focuses almost exclusively on the shoes themselves. Charles has a(n) frotteuristic obsession. erotophobia. fetish. sexual dysfunction.

fetish.

Individuals suffering from insomnia disorder have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. do not sleep at all. wake up during their sleep cycle with severe nightmares. frequently sleepwalk.

have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.

An individual requesting treatment at a mental health clinic keeps talking about how gangsters are "out to get him." Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether he has ever attempted suicide. his family life is stable. he avoids socialization. his fears are justified.

his fears are justified.

Amy quickly becomes the center of attention when she enters a room. She is a tall and attractive young woman who generally wears something striking. Amy is known as a flirt and acts in a seductive manner around men. When Amy speaks, she uses very exaggerated terms, even when describing relatively ordinary situations. Amy's diagnosis is most likely ________ personality disorder. borderline narcissistic dependent histrionic

histrionic

These 2 personality disorders overlap in majority of cases narcissistic & histrionic histrionic & antisocial schizoid & histironic antisocial & borderline

histrionic & antisocial

Sexual arousal disorders are diagnosed when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of lubrication in females. inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of orgasm in females. inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of desire for sex in females. inability to achieve orgasm for either gender despite erection in males or lubrication in females.

inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of lubrication in females.

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain. It is called "Special K." ecstasy (MDMA). Eve. Nexus.

"Special K."

The percentage of women reporting significant difficulty reaching orgasm is ____%. 25 5 10 40

25

Genetics account for what percentage of obesity cases? 25 33 42 30

30

What is the percentage of men over 60 with at least some impairment of erectile function? 5% 20% 3% 60%

60%

Lenny is 25 years old and has had multiple arrests for assaults, theft, and drug use. He has hurt strangers, friends, and family and has never shown any remorse or regret. Following his last arrest, Lenny met with a social worker who told him about antisocial personality disorder; he is now convinced that that is "what's wrong" with him. Lenny recently went to a local community mental health center and asked to be treated by a psychotherapist. The problem with this story is that individuals with antisocial personality disorder do not generally seek treatment. the drug use does not fit the pattern of antisocial personality disorder. Lenny has misdiagnosed himself, since his behaviors are more typical of conduct disorder. the description does not fit any known personality disorder.

individuals with antisocial personality disorder do not generally seek treatment.

All of the following are informative and accurate statements about inhalants EXCEPT that use of inhalants can cause users to be antisocial and aggressive. symptoms of inhalant use include slurred speech, dizziness, and euphoria. long-term inhalant use can damage bone marrow, the kidneys, the liver, and the brain. inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.

inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by interruption of air flow without cessation of respiratory activity. central nervous system disorders and trauma. interruption of air flow and brief cessation of respiratory activity. complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods.

interruption of air flow without cessation of respiratory activity

Unlike disorders which are all or none, personality characteristics can be understood by learning rather than disease. functioning rather than disease. degree rather than kind. biology rather than learning.

learning rather than disease.

Sexual dysfunction can be a(n) _______________ condition. lifelong situational all of these are correct acquired

lifelong

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is lower than the weight identified by men. higher than the weight identified by men. the same as the weight identified by men. 20% lower than their own body weight.

lower than the weight identified by men.

Aversive treatments are prescribed to make people allergic to the abused substances. cause the abused substances to taste bitter. increase the pleasurable feelings that are associated with alcohol. make ingesting the abused substances extremely unpleasant.

make ingesting the abused substances extremely unpleasant.

When attempting to "reset the biological clock" of an individual with a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, it is generally easier and more effective to make the patient's bedtime earlier. make the patient's bedtime later. leave the patient's bedtime alone and change the duration of sleep. keep the person awake for several days in a row.

make the patient's bedtime later.

One of the likely problems a therapist may encounter while trying to help a patient with histrionic personality disorder is the patient's lack of intellectual ability necessary to succeed in therapy. unwillingness to admit there is a problem. use of threatening language. manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.

manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.

The largest difference in sexual behavior for men versus women is that women are more likely to be accepting of homosexuality. men are more likely to masturbate. men are more likely to be accepting of homosexuality. women are more likely to masturbate.

men are more likely to masturbate.

Viewing drug use as _____________ leads to __________ those afflicted with the disorder. moral weakness; seeking treatment for a medical problem genetically based; discriminating against a disease; punishing moral weakness; punishing

moral weakness; punishing

Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets to relieve your headache. Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that, in behavioral terms, aspirin is a ________ reinforcer. positive variable neutral negative

negative

The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is fear of sex. negative feelings about other people. fear of being raped. negative feelings toward sexuality.

negative feelings toward sexuality

The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint. gradual onset in adulthood. rapid onset in late adolescence. rapid onset in adulthood.

onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint.

Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as dyssomnias narcolepsy REM disorders parasomnias

parasomnias

All of the following are true statements regarding transvestic disorder EXCEPT sexual arousal is primarily focused on the clothing itself or thoughts or images of oneself as the opposite sex. a survey found that 3% of men had experienced it at least once. people with transvestic disorder are either homosexual or transsexual. a significant percentage of individuals with this disorder are married.

people with transvestic disorder are either homosexual or transsexual.

The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n) actigraphic evaluation. polysomnographic evaluation. electroencephalographic evaluation. electromyographic evaluation.

polysomnographic evaluation.

Sandra and Jim have been happily married for several years. Sandra reports that she reaches orgasm from intercourse only about half the time and wonders if something is "wrong" with her. Sandra should seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder. realize that this is not unusual for women and can work on achieving orgasm with her partner, Jim. realize that her inhibited orgasm problem means that she doesn't really love Jim. have a medical exam.

realize that this is not unusual for women and can work on achieving orgasm with her partner, Jim.

With personality disorders, comorbidity is the ______, not the _____ exception, rule rule, exception kind, degree degree, kind

rule, exception

Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be antisocial schizoid schizotypal avoidant

schizoid

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders have symptoms similar to what? bipolar schizophrenia post traumatic stress disorder anxiety

schizophrenia

Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspicious, and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. schizotypal paranoid multiple schizoid

schizotypal

A paraphilic disorder is defined as sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals. a sexual dysfunction that inhibits pleasure. an extremely heightened sexual drive that causes distress. an attraction to inappropriate or odd individuals or objects.

sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals.

All of the following terms are associated with treatments for paraphilias EXCEPT orgasmic reconditioning. sexual surrogacy. covert sensitization. chemical castration.

sexual surrogacy.

According to your textbook, the features of sexual masochism include sexually arousing fantasies involving the act of being humiliated. sexual urges involving the exposure of one's genitals. fantasies involving the use of nonliving objects. behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person engaging in sexual activity.

sexually arousing fantasies involving the act of being humiliated.

Treatment for schizoid personality disorder includes building empathy teaching emotions and building empathy teaching emotions teaching emotions and building trust teaching trust

teaching emotions and building empathy

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa is that the beneficial effects of the medication may be short term. side effects make most patients discontinue the medication. well-controlled studies have not found medication more effective than a placebo. patients refuse to take their medication.

the beneficial effects of the medication may be short term.

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple. men are often unaware of what is considered "normal." most men are too ashamed to admit the problem. women generally are reluctant to tell their partners of the problem.

the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple.

One method that may help sleep disorder patients to "reset" their biological clock (circadian rhythms) is exposure to very loud noises. very bright lights. strong smells. strong magnetic fields.

very bright lights.

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know. You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing. In order to determine this, you would have to know whether she is eating junk foods, the situations under which she eats a great deal. the caloric intake of the foods. whether eating gets to be out of her control.

whether eating gets to be out of her control.

Data from research studies on gender differences in human sexuality reflect all of the following themes EXCEPT that men's self-concept is characterized in part by power, aggression, and independence. men show more sexual desire and arousal than women men emphasize committed relationships more than women. women's sexual beliefs are more influenced by cultural, social, and situational factors.

women's sexual beliefs are more influenced by cultural, social, and situational factors.

The condition called premature ejaculation occurs most frequently in married men. older men. divorced men. younger men.

younger men.