Abnormal Psychology FINAL
People over ___ represent the fastest-growing segment of the population in the United States and in most countries around the world.
85
Which of the following individuals has two positive risk factors for suicide?
A man who is atheist
An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. That person MOST likely is exp eriencing: A) hypoactive sexual desire. B) paraphilia. C) sexual aversion. D) sexual repulsion.
A) hypoactive sexual desire.
Which of the following does NOT characterize stress disorders? A. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event B. recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event C. signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions D. reduced responsiveness to the world around one
A. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
A friend of yours says, "I'm not going to the counseling center; my friends will think I'm mentally ill!" How common is your friend's attitude?
About 1/3 of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion
Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a: a. stress disorder. b. stressor. c. stress response. d. psychophysical disorder.
B) stressor
The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called:
Bulimia nervosa
A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing: A) sexual dysfunction. B) gender identity disorder. C) paraphilia. D) hyperactive sexual desire
C) paraphilia.
Which of the following aspects of religion is MOST closely linked to suicide?
Devoutness
What is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the United States?
Sadness
Rosa's heart was racing (from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a: a) panic attack b) manic episode c) specific phobia d) social phobia
a) panic attack
Which is not a current major model of mental abnormality? a. evolutionary b. sociocultural c. biological d. behavioral
a. evolutionary
___________ is the perception that one has no control over the reinforcements in their lives. a. Attributions b. Learned helplessness c. Self-blame d. Learned hopelessness
b. Learned helplessness
Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the:
cognitive view
The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their:
cultural fairness
When a physical ailment has no apparent medical cause, doctors may suspect a _________ disorder. a. hypochondriac b. chronic pain c. factitious d. Somatic symptom disorder
d. Somatic symptom disorder
Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of: a. substance abuse disorders. b. bipolar disorders. c. schizophrenia. d. phobias.
d. phobias.
If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of:
dependent personality disorder
Alzheimer's is a brain ______, while stroke is a brain ______.
disease, injury
What was the dominant way of treating schizophrenics during the first half of the twentieth century?
instituitionalize
Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with:
mentally retarded
An increase in which emotion is MOST often linked to suicide?
sadness
Based on recent research, it can be concluded that the impact of repeated combat deployments:
significantly increases one's risk of developing PTSD.
What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of the developing restricting-type anorexic person?
sweets
Comorbidity means that: A) one disorder may develop into another. B) one disorder automatically implies the other. C) two disorders may occur together in an individual. D) the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it.
two disorders may occur together in an individual.
"Exercise helps people deal with many physical disorders; does it help with Alzheimer's disease?" your friend asks. Your MOST accurate reply would be:
"Yes; exercise helps both prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease."
All forms of therapy have which essential features? a. sufferer, healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer b. sufferer, healer, and managed care c. client, insurance company, and treatment goals d. patient, physician, and insurance company
A. sufferer, healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer.
In terms of their DSM diagnostic categorization, which of the following pairs belong together?
Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the relationship between alcohol use and suicide?
Alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment.
"Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life and must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is:
Alcoholics Anonymous
The MOST feared psychological problem among the elderly is:
Alzheimer's disease
your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. at first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. he used to be very loving and patient, but now he is irascible and very unpleasant at odd moments. this condition is getting worse. he is probably experiencing
Alzhiemers Disesase
What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder? A. they are so afraid of leaving their homes that they suffer social paralysis B. they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves C. they voluntarily ask for hospitalization, out of desperation D. they finally cannot care for themselves
B. they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves
Why do many people think that estimates of the rates of suicide are inaccurate? A) Insurance companies pay extra life insurance in cases of suicide. B) Many reported suicides are probably really accidents. C) The stigma associated with suicide make people hesitate to report it. D) Suicide is not a DSM-5 category.
C) The stigma associated with suicide make people hesitate to report it.
It is common that the majority of people who commit suicidal acts also have another psychological disorder. Which would be the MOST common disorder associated with suicidal attempts? A) eating disorders B) dissociative disorders C) mood disorders D) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C) mood disorders
"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s when the British rock group, The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of: A. schizoid B. antisocial C. histrionic D. narcissistic
C. histrionic
The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain extreme forms, collectively called: a. progromia. b. hebephrenia. c. catatonia. d. alogia.
Catatonia
The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as:
Cirrhosis
Which of the following statements is true with regard to suicide and the elderly? A. Elderly women who have no children have the highest suicide rate of all groups in the United States. B. The suicide rate for the elderly is lower than the overall suicide rate in the United States, because the elderly are more robust and able to deal with stressors more effectively. C. Doctors have found that depression and suicide are unrelated in the elderly, as medical complications are the primary source of sociality. D. The rate of suicide for the elderly is higher than it is for the general population of the United States.
D. The rate of suicide for the elderly is higher than it is for the general population of the United States.
Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experiences: A. histrionic personality disorder B. schizoid personality disorder C. schizotypal personality disorder D. antisocial personality disorder
D. antisocial personality disorder
When answering the telephone of a suicide hotline, the first step for the counselor is to:
Establish a positive relationship
These are anxiety disorders:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder: Phobias, Specific Phobia Agoraphobia Social Anxiety Disorder (previously called social phobia) Separation Anxiety Disorder
The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:
Hallucinosis
Which of the following does NOT make one at higher risk for suicide?
Learning about suicide in abnormal psychology
In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient where?
Minnesota
A particular problem found MORE often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is:
Misuse of prescription drugs
According to current estimates, the suicide rate is highest in the United States among:
Native Americans
In the DSM-5, which of the following diagnostic categories would no longer be considered an anxiety disorder?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Years after the U.S. Civil War was over, many veterans diagnosed with "melancholia" or "soldier's heart" still experienced vivid flashbacks of their combat experiences, as well as nightmares and guilt about what they had done. Today, their MOST likely diagnosis would be:
PTSD
Which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of suicide?
Psychologists
If you looked in Jeanette's medicine cabinet, you would find dozens of prescriptions and even more over-the-counter medications. Every time she sneezes, Jeanette is sure she has the latest deadly flu, although no physician has ever found anything wrong with her. Jeanette probably suffers from:
Somantic symptom disorder-- people with this disorder become excessively distressed, concerned and anxious about bodily symptoms that they are experiencing and their lives are greatly disrupted by the symptoms.
Which of the following individuals is experiencing the MOST stress as measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
Someone whose spouse just died
An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:
Specific phobia
What is parasuicide?
Suicide attempt or gesture and self-harm where there is no result in death.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding gender and suicide?
Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men.
In any given year, it is estimated that___% of people suffer from anxiety disorders. a. 18 b. 30 c. 81 d. 3
a. 18
Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which of the following is TRUE about this behavior? a. Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic. b. The behavior inevitably leads to bulimia. c. The behavior inevitably leads to excessive exercise. d. The behavior is perfectly normal.
a. Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic.
Why are people who go to strip clubs not generally considered to be voyeurs? a. The performers are consenting to being seen by the audience. b. There is no sense these people who go there are doing something frowned on by society. c. The nudity of the performers is not complete. d. The performers are exhibitionists and it's impossible for someone to simultaneously be an exhibitionist and a voyeur.
a. The performers are consenting to being seen by the audience.
Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. Although she is able to work and care for her family, she does not do this as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing: a. a generalized anxiety disorder. b. a specific fear response. c. a hormonal imbalance. d. no specific problem; she just likes to worry.
a. a generalized anxiety disorder.
One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of: a. a professional therapist. b. more than one person. c. more than one therapist. d. people who are related by marriage or other familial connection.
a. a professional therapist.
A shortcoming of intelligence tests, is that their outcomes can be affected by: a. all of the above b. high anxiety. c. low motivation. d. cultural biases.
a. all of the above
The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder have been: Select one: a. behavioral and drug therapy. b. insight therapy and cognitive therapy. c. behavioral and group therapy. d. group therapy and sociotherapy.
a. behavioral and drug therapy.
The type of clinician who would MOST likely say, "What are some things you enjoy doing, and how often do you do them?" would be a: a. behavioral clinician. b. psychodynamic clinician. c. sociocultural clinician. d. cognitive clinician.
a. behavioral clinician.
In which of the following disorders would you expect nearly equal numbers of men and women? a. binge eating disorder b. purging-type anorexia nervosa c. restricted-type anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa
a. binge eating disorder
The central feature of bulimia nervosa is: a. binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior. b. purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives. c. fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating. d. excessive dieting and weight loss.
a. binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.
If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of cortisol, such a finding would support the influence of: ______ a. biochemical orientation. b. sociocultural orientation. c. behavioral orientation. d. psychodynamic orientation.
a. biochemical orientation.
Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in: a. compensatory behaviors. b. exposure and response prevention. c. purging. d. enmeshment.
a. compensatory behaviors.
Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just: a. conducted an unstructured interview. b. used a behavioral assessment technique. c. used free association. d. employed (Rogers') nondirective therapy.
a. conducted an unstructured interview.
Disorders that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include: a. conversion disorders. b. phobia disorders. c. dissociative disorders. d. psychophysiological disorders.
a. conversion disorders.
The four Ds of abnormality are: a. deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. b. deviance, dysfunction, disturbance, and danger. c. danger, dread, deviance, and disturbance. d. dysfunction, disturbance, delirium, and danger.
a. deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because: a. drinking is considered part of the college culture. b. they don't hurt anyone but themselves. c. they are just considered eccentric. d. the behavior is not illegal.
a. drinking is considered part of the college culture.
Which of the following disorders is NOT listed in DSM-5, but might be in future DSMs, following additional study? a. hypersexuality b. gender dysphoria c. male orgasmic disorder d. pedophilic disorder
a. hypersexuality
"Medical student's disease," which is the tendency for medical students to experience the symptoms of diseases they are studying, is MOST similar to: a. illness anxiety disorder. b. conversion disorder. c. Munchausen's syndrome. d. Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.
a. illness anxiety disorder.
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: a. mania b. dysthymia c. depression d. cyclothymia
a. mania
Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing: Select one: a. narcissistic personality disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.
a. narcissistic personality disorder.
Armond does not feel much emotion and does not really want to do anything. He has also completely withdrawn from his friends and family. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. a. negative b. active c. psychomotor d. positive
a. negative
Those with schizophrenia sometimes make up words which have meaning only for them, and these words are called: a. neologisms. b. clang. c. loose associations. d. perseveration.
a. neologisms.
Which substance is considered as addictive as heroin? a. nicotine b. cocaine c. marijuana d. alcohol
a. nicotine
The enduring pattern of inner thoughts and emotions and outward behaviors that are unique to each individual is termed: a. personality. b. a trait. c. character. d. individuality.
a. personality.
Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was: Select one: a. phlegm b. water c. lymph gland fluid d. cerebrospinal fluid
a. phlegm
The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the: a. psychodynamic model. b. sociocultural model. c. behavioral model. d. cognitive model.
a. psychodynamic model.
Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting: Select one: a. schizoid personality disorder. b. histrionic personality disorder. c. narcissistic personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.
a. schizoid personality disorder.
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be: a. social anxiety disorder. b. a specific phobia. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
a. social anxiety disorder.
The patient had several surgeries over the years for vague and nonspecific sexual reproductive problems, visiting many of the top hospitals in the East during the course of treatment. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is: a. somatic symptom disorder. b. pain disorder associated with psychological factors. c. conversion disorder. d. preoccupation disorder.
a. somatic symptom disorder.
According to the Social Adjustment Rating Scale, what event do people rate as the single most stressful life event: a. the death of a spouse b. the death of a child c. buying a new home/moving d. the loss of a job
a. the death of a spouse
An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that: a. ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes. b. disorders such as bacterial and viral infections have only physical causes. c. cancer has been found to have a significant psychological cause. d. disorders such as hypertension and coronary heart disease have only psychosocial causes.
a. ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes.
Compared to younger people, those over 65 are:
about as likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home, and more likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home
Depersonalization disorder is most common among those who are:
adolescents and young adults
Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa?
amenorrhea
Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:
antipsychotics
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are the:
anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia
The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:
auditory
A person took a drug an hour or two ago. Now the person sits alone, quietly and intensely listening to the sap running in a tree, whose leaves appear a brilliant purple to the drug user. MOST likely, the person has recently used: a. methamphetamine. b. LSD. c. cocaine. d. marijuana.
b. LSD.
Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, caused by a need to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having: a. a conversion disorder. b. Munchausen syndrome by proxy. c. Munchausen syndrome. d. a factitious disorder.
b. Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
Which of the following is the BEST conclusion you could draw about the effectiveness of the various assessment techniques? a. There is one standard assessment battery used by all clinicians. b. When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior. c. Clinicians have abandoned the use of assessment. d. Assessment is used at the beginning of therapy but not thereafter.
b. When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior.
Studies relating rates of diagnosis of schizophrenia to poverty and race show: a. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and poverty. b. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and both race and poverty. c. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and race. d. no clear connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and either race or poverty.
b. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and both race and poverty.
"Drug dependence may develop because one learns that drug use is rewarding when it reduces tension." Which view of substance abuse would MOST agree with this statement? a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. sociocultural d. biological
b. behavioral
If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation? a. cognitive b. biological c. behavioral d. sociocultural
b. biological
An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders? Select one: a. avoidant b. borderline c. obsessive-compulsive d. schizotypal
b. borderline
The stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other is: a. nicotine. b. caffeine. c. amphetamines. d. cocaine (including free-based and crack forms).
b. caffeine.
Of the following, which has the LOWEST risk/risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change? a. barbiturates b. cannabis c. amphetamines d. alcohol
b. cannabis
Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should: a. learn to stop after one drink. b. cease drinking entirely. c. admit that they are morally reprehensible for drinking. d. be taught to drink more moderately.
b. cease drinking entirely.
When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, that person is exhibiting a(n): a. phobia. b. compulsion. c. obsession. d. panic attack.
b. compulsion.
People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing: a. the placebo response. b. dissociative amnesia. c. depersonalization. d. body dysmorphic disorder.
b. dissociative amnesia.
Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part? a. mood disorder b. dissociative disorder c. histrionic personality disorder d. personality disorder
b. dissociative disorder
From which of the following pair of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood? Select one: a. conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities b. enuresis and encopresis c. ADHD and separation anxiety d. autism spectrum and intellectual developmental disorders
b. enuresis and encopresis
A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely: a. experiencing a somatic disorder. b. experiencing a factitious disorder. c. experiencing a psychophysical disorder. d. malingering.
b. experiencing a factitious disorder.
Some studies indicate that __________ treatment is the single most helpful intervention for persons with stress disorders, irrespective of the precipitating trauma. a. electroconvulsive b. exposure c. psychodynamic d. drug
b. exposure
Men with __________ have a persistent or recurrent deficiency of sexual thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity Select one: a. performance anxiety b. hypoactive sexual desire disorder c. masturbatory focus d. sexual interest/arousal disorder
b. hypoactive sexual desire disorder
A person experiencing multiple personalities would MOST accurately be diagnosed with dissociative: a. schizophrenia. b. identity disorder. c. fugue. d. amnesia.
b. identity disorder.
An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has: Select one: a. alcoholism. b. schizophrenia. c. one of the paraphilias. d. bipolar disorder.
b. schizophrenia.
"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have bombs, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a ______ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder. a. humanistic b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. behavioral
b. sociocultural
The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: Select one: a. the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. b. they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. c. disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present. d. they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.
b. they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.
Psychologists have found that differences in which type of anxiety may appear soon after birth? a. cognitive anxiety b. trait anxiety c. somatic anxiety d. state anxiety
b. trait anxiety
Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior: a. when done more than once a day. b. when they are time-consuming, interfere with daily function, and cause distress. c. never. d. when done to provide comfort and reduce tension.
b. when they are time-consuming, interfere with daily function, and cause distress.
Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users?
because heroin users often share needles infected with the aid virus.
A person being treated for agoraphobia is gradually learning to leave home and to enter crowded public places. Additionally, the therapist hopes that "outside world" experiences will become more rewarding for the person. The treatment described BEST reflects what theoretical orientation?
behavioral
Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies?
biological
The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:
biological model
Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than ______.
boys than girls
Which of the following is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? a. It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight. b. Fatalities are brought on by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. c. About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men. d. It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure.
c) about 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men.
A friend says to you, "I wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime." Based upon survey results, your MOST accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is "typical"): a. "Pretty likely; about one-third of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." b. "Unlikely; about 10 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." c. "Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." d. "Somewhat unlikely; about 20 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis."
c. "Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis."
Research suggests that about __________ of all victims of rape qualify for the diagnosis of acute stress disorder 12 days after the assault. a. 10% b. 52% c. 94% d. 25%
c. 94%
Fear of venturing into public places is known as: a. ophidiophobia. b. acrophobia. c. agoraphobia. d. kenophobia.
c. agoraphobia.
A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT; a. motivational symptoms. b. cognitive symptoms. c. behavioral symptoms. d. emotional symptoms.
c. behavioral symptoms.
People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: a. anorexia-bulimia disorder. b. binge-purge disorder. c. binge eating disorder. d. noncompensatory binge disorder.
c. binge eating disorder.
All of the following are considered traditional psychophysiological disorders EXCEPT: a. chronic headaches. b. asthma. c. cancer. d. insomnia.
c. cancer.
The example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks and lunges demonstrates a principle of: a. transference learning. b. modeling. c. classical conditioning. d. operant conditioning.
c. classical conditioning.
An athlete who is actually well-prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, "I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to fail!" The theorist who would emphasize the illogical thinking process of this athlete as a source of poor performance MOST likely would support which model of abnormality? a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. cognitive d. existential
c. cognitive
Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked MOST closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders? a. ulcers b. muscle contraction headaches c. coronary heart disease d. asthma
c. coronary heart disease
A person who was receiving the best and most current treatment for an eating disorder would receive treatment designed to: a. deal only with what caused the eating disorder. b. deal only with changing the poor eating habits. c. deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them. d. deal first with what caused the eating disorder, then correct it.
c. deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them.
Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence test scores: Select one: a. lack validity. b. are not positively correlated with school performance. c. don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. d. lack reliability.
c. don't indicate level of adaptive behavior.
Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called: Select one: a. conduct disorder. b. noctural emission. c. enuresis. d. encopresis.
c. enuresis.
According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a period marked by at least _____ symptoms of depression and lasting for ____ weeks or more. a. six; six b. six; two c. five; two d. five; three
c. five; two
Women are MORE likely to be orgasmic when they have: a. a one night stand. b. unhappy marriages. c. had a relatively long relationship with their first sex partner. d. a weak emotional attachment to their first sex partner.
c. had a relatively long relationship with their first sex partner.
A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: Select one: a. borderline. b. antisocial. c. histrionic. d. obsessive-compulsive.
c. histrionic.
Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called: a. operant conditioning. b. classical conditioning. c. modeling. d. shaping.
c. modeling.
The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: a. conventions. b. morality. c. norms. d. culture.
c. norms.
The TV show Saturday Night Live once featured a skit involving an "Anal Retentive Carpenter," who had to keep all his tools and work materials in just the "right" places, arranged "just so." He was very anxious anytime tools and materials were not just as he wanted them. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be: Select one: a. borderline personality disorder. b. histrionic personality disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. d. impulse-control personality disorder.
c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: Select one: a. childhood schizophrenia. b. juvenile delinquency. c. oppositional defiant disorder. d. conduct disorder.
c. oppositional defiant disorder.
According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ___________ principle. a. constriction b. morality c. pleasure d. reality
c. pleasure
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, that is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. a. psychomotor b. active c. positive d. negative
c. positive
Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die.. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n): a. acute stress disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. phobia.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this test is a: a. response inventory. b. personality inventory. c. projective test. d. neuropsychological test.
c. projective test.
A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until the person was eating almost nothing could be experiencing: a. exercise-induced anorexia nervosa. b. binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa. c. restricted-type anorexia nervosa. d. sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa.
c. restricted-type anorexia nervosa.
After some people are told their DSM diagnoses, their "symptoms" appear to stay the same or even get worse. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of: a. somatic symptom disorders, as opposed to psychiatric disorders. b. crises of faith. c. self-fulfilling prophecies. d. generalized anxiety.
c. self-fulfilling prophecies.
A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: Select one: a. agoraphobia. b. bipolar disorder. c. separation anxiety disorder. d. dependent personality disorder.
c. separation anxiety disorder.
Three important criteria for assessments are: a. standardization, reliability, and ease of administration. b. reliability, validity, and realism. c. standardization, reliability, and validity. d. reliability, validity, and accuracy.
c. standardization, reliability, and validity.
You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarchy, and finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called: a. implosive therapy. b. flooding. c. systematic desensitization. d. modeling.
c. systematic desensitization.
Most clinicians would agree that paraphiliac activities should NOT be considered a disorder when: a. children are involved. b. the behavior is nonconsensual. c. the behavior is part of an otherwise typical sex life. d. the behavior is the exclusive way one becomes aroused.
c. the behavior is part of an otherwise typical sex life.
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is: a. the number of depressive and manic episodes. b. the seasonal variation in the episodes. c. the severity of the manic episodes. d. the number of depressive episodes.
c. the severity of the manic episodes.
The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is: Select one: a. the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. b. the use of family therapy. c. the use of adult medications. d. the use of psychodynamic therapy.
c. the use of adult medications.
What is the PRIMARY source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists? a. the use of leather to cause suffering b. the intense pain they receive from their partner c. the victim's suffering d. a specific part of the victim's body
c. the victim's suffering
Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because: a. they are only dangerous to others, not to themselves. b. while they are distressed their behavior, others are not. c. they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. d. they are not deviant.
c. they freely choose and enjoy their behavior.
Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hours on end and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of:
catatonic symptoms
A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):
cogntive inventory
A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:
conduct disorder
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:
conversion disorder
Researchers have found a link between Type A personality and:
coronary artery disease
The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is: a. A psychiatrist is usually a psychoanalyst while a psychologist is usually a behaviorist. b. A psychologist is a medical doctor who can prescribe medication; a psychiatrist is a reseacher who studies illnesses. c. A psychiatrist works exclusively in hospitals, while a psychologist works exclusively in mental health clinics. d. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy and prescribe medication; a psychologist is NOT a medical doctor and cannot prescribe medication, but can provide therapy.
d. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy and prescribe medication; a psychologist is NOT a medical doctor and cannot prescribe medication, but can provide therapy.
Which of the following statements is the BEST example of the biopsychosocial perspective? a. Abnormality is best explained by sociocultural stresses a person experiences. b. Eclectic approaches fail to take interactions of various models into account. c. There is one legitimate approach to understanding mental disorders. d. Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences.
d. Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences.
Both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa typically begin when? a. Upon entry into college, when fear of the freshman fifteen' becomes overwhelming. b. Before a school dance, primarily in high school. c. Immediately upon the beginning of puberty, when bodies change and begin taking on a more adult form. d. After a period of intense dieting that has been successful and has earned praise from family members and friends.
d. After a period of intense dieting that has been successful and has earned praise from family members and friends.
A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with: Select one: a. no disorder. b. Social communications disorder. c. Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. d. Autism spectrum disorder.
d. Autism spectrum disorder.
A person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks is probably experiencing: a. combat fatigue. b. posttraumatic stress disorder. c. pretraumatic stress disorder. d. acute stress disorder.
d. acute stress disorder.
Salina was terrified during the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (who wouldn't be!). For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, gradually the fears diminished, and they disappeared within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as a(n): a. posttraumatic stress disorder. b. panic attack. c. phobic reaction. d. acute stress disorder.
d. acute stress disorder.
If one could only use a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, one should choose: a. psychodynamic therapy. b. electroconvulsive therapy. c. milieu therapy. d. antipsychotic drugs.
d. antipsychotic drugs.
DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of ___________ personality disorder. Select one: a. histrionic b. narcissistic c. obsessive-compulsive d. antisocial
d. antisocial
Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning? a. psychodynamic b. biological c. sociocultural d. behavioral
d. behavioral
Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used: a. alcohol. b. heroin. c. a barbiturate. d. cocaine.
d. cocaine.
Roman is a loner. He lives in a cabin is the woods with no running water or electricity. While he manages to survive this way, living so far from the closest city makes it very hard from him to get and keep gainful employment. He is often unhappy with his situation, yet feels that he can do nothing to change it and has lived this way for years. Roman's behavior may be considered all but which of the following? Select one: a. distressful b. dysfunctional c. deviant d. dangerous
d. dangerous
A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their speech. The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely, this drug is a: a. stimulant. b. hallucinogen. c. polydrug. d. depressant.
d. depressant.
The __________ theory suggests that schizophrenia causes it victims to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively. a. diathesis-stress b. labeling c. social deviance d. downward drift
d. downward drift
In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, then moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is: a. pedophilia. b. sexual masochism. c. hypoxyphilia. d. frotteurism.
d. frotteurism.
Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy: a. has declined in recent years. b. increased a few years ago, but is now declining. c. has been stable for many years. d. has increased in recent years.
d. has increased in recent years.
People with severe mental illness are LESS likely to be _________ than they were 50 years ago. Select one: a. homeless or in prison b. treated in outpatient facilites c. medicated with psychotropic drugs d. hospitalized with psychotropic drugs
d. hospitalized with psychotropic drugs
"When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living." A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement? a. cognitive-behavioral b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential
d. humanistic-existential
Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. In spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: a. addiction. b. physical dependence. c. hallucinosis. d. intoxication.
d. intoxication.
One who is experiencing gender dysphoria: a. cannot be categorized using current DSM-5 definitions. b. cross-dresses for the purpose of sexual arousal. c. is content with his or her transgendered experiences. d. is unhappy with his or her biological gender.
d. is unhappy with his or her biological gender.
Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment a. ECT. b. tranquilizers. c. imipramine. d. lithium.
d. lithium.
Psychosis means: a. drug abuse. b. split personality. c. brain seizures. d. loss of contact with reality.
d. loss of contact with reality.
Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for: Select one: a. attention-deficit disorder. b. separation anxiety disorder. c. autistic disorder. d. mild intellectual developmental disorder.
d. mild intellectual developmental disorder.
Which psychological problem is often associated with anorexia nervosa? a. dissociative identity disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. autism d. obsessive-compulsive patterns
d. obsessive-compulsive patterns
Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n): a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. phobic disorder. d. panic disorder.
d. panic disorder.
People with ___________ have repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects, children, non consenting adults or experiences of suffering or humiliation. a. gender identity disorder b. abnormal object desire syndrome. c. cross-sexual arousal disorder d. paraphilias
d. paraphilias
According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: a. people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition. b. people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors. c. biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors. d. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.
d. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.
Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms any more. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of: a. catatonic schizophrenia. b. undifferentiated schizophrenia. c. paranoid schizophrenia. d. residual schizophrenia.
d. residual schizophrenia.
If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would NOT be having difficulty in which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle? a. desire b. orgasm c. excitement d. resolution
d. resolution
An assessment tool has high ______________ if it yields the same results every time it is given to the same people. a. predictive validity b. interrater reliability c. face validity d. test-retest reliability
d. test-retest reliability
What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages? Select one: a. the moral model b. the medical model c. the psychogenic model d. the demonology model
d. the demonology model
An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: a. the demographic characteristics of the person. b. the cause of the problem. c. the particular medication used to treat the problem. d. the severity and duration of the problem.
d. the severity and duration of the problem.
Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well, but two pills did. This is an example of: a. dependence. b. resistance. c. withdrawal. d. tolerance.
d. tolerance.
Women are _____ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression. a. one and one-half times b. three times c. four times d. two times
d. two times
To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least: a. two weeks. b. one year. c. two months. d. two years.
d. two years.
A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found, is called:
delirium
Among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually due to:
delirium and dementia
Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the differences between African Americans and white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is:
difference in drug tolerance
Which of the following psychotic disorders is described by your author as increasing in prevalence as people age?
dilusional disorder
If a young person is taking a health-maintenance approach to aging, the person would be:
doing things that promote physical and mental health
An individual seeking help from a geropsychologist is MOST likely:
elderly
Therapies that have received clear research support are called:
evidence based
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:
fetal alcohol syndrome
A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across different situations for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate norms don't exist. The test has:
high reliability but inadequate standardization
People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships, while people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships. Select one: a. seeking; initiating b. ending; initiating c. ending; beginning d. initiating; ending
initiating, ending
Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15:
is characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial p. d.
A person with schizophrenia who said, "It's cold today. My cold is better but I got it from the nurse. She is a big blonde who lives in Manhattan. I live in Manhattan with Jimmy Carter," is experiencing:
loose associations
Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:
lower level
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:
most widely used in the United States
Marijuana users in the 1960s were LESS likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000, because marijuana available in the 1960s had:
much less THC.
The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is:
multidimensional.
What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred
objectophilia
Of the following, the psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:
overestimate their body size
The proper conclusion from correlational research studies showing a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that:
people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.
Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are ______ symptoms of depression.
physical
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called:
posttraumatic stress disorder.
If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:
practitioner
Ignoring fatigue, a driver finally falls asleep at the wheel, crashes, and dies. The driver's death would MOST accurately be described as:
self-inflicted but not suicide.
When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in:
self-stimulatory behavior
Arnold cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:
sexual masochism
DSM-5 recommends a diagnosis of paraphilia only when associated behaviors, fantasies, or urges last at least:
six months
Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which of the following would be a part of your paradigm?
the family social perspective
Which of the following is TRUE about factitious disorders?
those with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness
A man who is biologically masculine, but considers himself a woman and would like to live as a woman, is:
transgendered
"Cross-dressing" is another term for:
transvestism
Those MOST likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001:
women