Abnormal Psychology Midterm

The theory that states people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth is: a) Pavlov's conditioning theory. b) Freud's psychoanalytic theory. c) Roger's client-centered theory. d) Ellis's rational-emotive theory.

TBA

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is: a) "better safe than sorry". b) "life's a gamble, give it your best shot". c) "when you reach the mountaintop, it's hard to come back down". d) "nothing ventured, nothing gained".

a) "better safe than sorry".

Unipolar depression is depression that: a) occurs without periods of mania. b) stems from a single event in one's life. c) includes only extreme sadness as a symptom. d) occurs only in polar regions due to the lengthy absence of sunlight during winter.

a) occurs without periods of mania.

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports the ________ perspective. a) sociocultural. b) psychodynamic. c) humanistic-existential. d) cognitive-behavioral.

a) sociocultural.

Having to walk the dog several times a day when it's raining is an example of a: a) stressor. b) stress response. c) stress disorder. d) psychophysical disorder.

a) stressor.

Shaun wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This is an example of: a) subject bias. b) a placebo effect. c) random variation. d) experimenter bias.

a) subject bias.

People with _______ interact with the world in a way that produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease. a) type a personality style. b) type b personality style. c) factitious disorder. d) conversion disorder.

a) type a personality style.

Theory focuses on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: a) biological. b) cognitive-behavioral. c) sociocultural. d) object relations.

b) cognitive-behavioral.

With regard to assessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing? a) psychodynamic b) cognitive-behavioral. c) humanistic-existential. d) sociocultural.

b) cognitive-behavioral.

The interdependence that exists between events of characteristics is described as: a) matching. b) correlation. c) multi-variable. d) clinical significance.

b) correlation.

The experience of constant weeping would be considered an ______ symptom of depression. a) cognitive. b) emotional. c) behavioral. d) motivational.

b) emotional.

Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. This form of learning is called: a) shaping. b) modeling. c) operant conditioning. d) classical conditioning.

b) modeling.

A clinician's knowledge that a person about to be interviewed has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to: a) reactivity. b) observer bias. c) observer drift. d) cross-situational invalidity.

b) observer bias.

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: a) behavior modification. b) rational-emotive therapy. c) self-instruction training. d) stress inoculation training.

b) rational-emotive therapy.

If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be: a) conversion disorder. b) somatic symptom disorder. c) body dysmorphic disorder. d) psychophysiological disorder.

b) somatic symptom disorder.

Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of modeling. The person who would MOST likely model another's suicide would be a: a) preteen. b) teenager. c) middle-age adult. d) elder.

b) teenager.

The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year, is: a) asthma. b) hypertension. c) coronary heart disease. d) muscle contraction headache.

c) coronary heart disease.

Based on current research, the treatment recommended for someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: a) drug therapy combined with brain stimulation. b) primarily cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic. c) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. d) no therapy: no approach has been shown to be effective.

c) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

If a person experienced anxiety of depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was: a) suffering from a mental illness. b) deviant but not dangerous. c) exhibiting a typical reaction. d) statistically deviant.

c) exhibiting a typical reaction.

According to cognition-focused therapists, which is a factor in abnormal behavior? a) egocentrisim. b) self-talk c) illogical thinking. d) objective interpretations.

c) illogical thinking.

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and their rights. This principle is called: a) risk disclosure. b) benefit analysis. c) informed consent. d) privacy.

c) informed consent.

The BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students from a class would be to: a) choose the first 10 who enter the room. b) choose the last 10 who leave the room. c) write each student's name on a piece of paper, pile the papers, close eyes, and pick 10 papers. d) ask students their ethnicity, GPA, and major, then be sure the sample reflects all of these student characteristics.

c) write each student's name on a piece of paper, pile the papers, close eyes, and pick 10 papers.

Which child is MOST likely to develop a stress disorder later in life after experiencing a trauma? a) a child from a well-to-do family who has a pet and lives with extended family. b) a child who lives with his grandma in an upper-middle-income home in the suburbs. c) a child who lives in a poor neighborhood with his mother and father. d) a child who lives alone with a single mother who is working multiple jobs.

d) a child who lives alone with a single mother who is working multiple jobs.

The main difference/s between a psychologist and psychiatrist, is that a psychiatrist: a) is an MD. b) can prescribe medication. c) provides psychotherapy. d) all of the above.

d) all of the above.

In the Middle Ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the: a) moral model. b) medical model. c) psychogenic model. d) demonology model.

d) demonology model.

Using the four D's to define abnormal behavior: a) allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable. b) allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. c) allows us to include those who experience no distress. d) is still often vague and subjective.

d) is still often vague and subjective.

Which is an example of an anxiety disorder? a) schizophrenia. b) bipolar disorder. c) major depression. d) ocd.

d) ocd.

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? a) somatic nervous system. b) peripheral nervous system. c) sympathetic nervous system. d) parasympathetic nervous system.

d) parasympathetic nervous system.

The _______ theoretical perspective suggests that suicide is caused by the loss of loved ones and self-directed aggression. a) cognitive-behavioral. b) humanistic. c) biological. d) psychodynamic.

d) psychodynamic.

An example of a behavioral symptom of depression is: a) not wanting to eat. b) having a negative view of oneself. c) feeling sad and angry. d) staying in bed for hours during the day.

d) staying in bed for hours during the day.

A weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior is that: a) most people are reluctant to try biological treatments. b) this model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. c) there is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. d) the effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated.

d) the effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated.

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness, allowing the researcher to conclude that: a) stress causes illness. b) illness causes stress. c) some other variable causes both increases in stress levels and illness. d) the researcher can make fairly accurate prediction of days a person will miss for illness if they person's stress level is known.

d) the researcher can make fairly accurate prediction of days a person will miss for illness if they person's stress level is known.

The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted.

humanistic-existential

The individual MOST at risk of suicide is someone who: a) has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook. b) recently escaped from an abusive environment and is now living with family. c) felt trapped in his or her marriage and just recently divorced. d) is a devout Muslim.

a) has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook.

The body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells is called the: a) immune system. b) autonomic nervous system. c) sympathetic nervous system. d) cardiovascular system.

a) immune system.

The finding that many adolescents who attempt suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case of which process of suicide actions? a) modeling. b) reinforcement. c) unconscious conflicts. d) maladaptive thinking.

a) modeling.

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: a) norms. b) culture. c) morality. d) conventions.

a) norms.

The MOST common mental disorders in the US are: a) mood disorders. b) anxiety disorders. c) personality disorders. d) sexual disorders.

b) anxiety disorders.

A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? a) having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety. b) prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. c) teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts. d) encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties.

b) prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine.

Which is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression? a) a therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past. b) every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. c) the therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of her daily activities. d) the therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about himself.

a) a therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.

Clinical researchers would NOT: a) assess individual clients. b) study the causes of a disease. c) conduct experimental studies. d) evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments,

a) assess individual clients.

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _______ symptoms of mania. a) behavioral. b) motivational. c) cognitive. d) emotional.

a) behavioral.

If people with unipolar depression were found to have lower levels of norepinephrine, such a finding would support which perspective? a) biological. b) sociocultural. c) psychological. d) developmental psychopathology.

a) biological.

The therapy found to be most effective for treating schizophrenia is: a) drug therapy. b) Gestalt therapy. c) electroconvulsive therapy. d) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

a) drug therapy.

A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is: a) factitious disorder. b) conversion disorder. c) generalized anxiety disorder. d) psychophysical disorder.

a) factitious disorder.

Which statement about the relationship between religion and suicide is MOST accurate? a) a country's economic status is more important predictor of suicide rates than its major religion. b) the degree of a person's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than his or her specific religion. c) countries that have high Jewish and Muslim populations also have high suicide rates. d) religion is a more important predictor of suicide risk for women than it is for men, especially Catholic countries.

b) the degree of a person's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than his or her specific religion.

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a) without any religious belief are the healthiest. b) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. c) who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. d) who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness.

b) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.

The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is that ______ approach. a) cognitive-behavioral. b) humanistic. c) sociocultural. d) psychodynamic.

d) psychodynamic.

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world? a) biochemical. b) cognitive-behavioral. c) psychoanalytic. d) sociocultural.

d) sociocultural.

TRUE or FALSE. Research psychologists have agreed upon one clear definition of Abnormal Psychology.

False

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _______ model.

Sociocultural

According to Seligman's research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _______ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks. a) quickly escape. b) do nothing. c) engage in novel behaviors. d) back and whimper.

TBA

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their: a) validity. b) cultural fairness. c) reliability. d) standardization.

TBA

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness? a) cognitive-behavioral. b) biochemical. c) existential. d) psychoanalytic.

TBA