Abnormal Psychology

The individual associated with developing a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was: A. Beck B. Freud C. Seligman D. Lewinsohn

A. Beck

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? A. Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients B. It was the first asylum C. It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives D. It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced

A. Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients>

A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have: A. a binge-eating disorder B. anorexia nervosa C. bulimia nervosa D. no eating disorder

A. a binge-eating disorder

The model of abnormality that focuses on the learning is the A. behavioral model B. sociocultural model C. psychodynamic model D. humanistic-existential model

A. behavioral model

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is: A. biological model B. sociocultural model C. psychodynamic model D. humanistic-existential model

A. biological model

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park i a(n): A. conditioned stimulus B. unconditioned stimulus C. unconditioned response D. conditioned response

A. conditioned stimulus

Research in positive psychology shows that which of the following are known to increase personal happiness? A. daily meditation and keeping a gratitude journal B. acts of kindness toward others and decreased sleep C. owning a luxury vehicle and working long hours D. participating in religious services and being a parent

A. daily meditation and keeping a gratitude journal

The MOST common cognitive disturbance in anorexia nervosa is: A. distorted body image B. a revulsion toward food C. a major clinical depression D. a distorted view of others

A. distorted body image

The ________ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. A. id b. superego C. erogenous zone D. ego

A. id

A state of euphoria or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: A. mania B. dysthymia C. depression D. cyclothymia

A. mania

Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana available in the 1960s had: A. much less THC B. much more THC C. no hallucinogenic effects D. more powerful hallucinogenic effects

A. much less THC

One of the features of Alcoholics Anonymous is A. peer support B. residential services C. alcohol maintenance D. antagonistic medication

A. peer support

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is: A. re-experiencing the traumatic event B. experiencing avoidance C. experiencing reduced responsiveness D. experiencing increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt

A. re-experiencing the traumatic event

While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as: A. synesthesia B. intoxication C. hallucination D. the psychedelic effect

A. synesthesia

Correlations and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons except: A. they offer rich detail that make the results extremely interesting B. they typically observe many individuals C. they are more easily replicable D. they use statistical tests to analyze results

A. they offer rich detail that make the results extremely interesting

One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists: A. went to medical school B. must work in a medical setting C. are allowed to do psychotherapy D. have more training in mental illness

A. went to medical school

Which of the following could be an example of a case study? A. a study involving use of a control group B. a long-term study of a clinical client C. a study of all the cases of a disorder in a community D. the creation of a disorder in a group of lab rats

B. a long-term study of a clinical client

The medication MOST helpful in treatment of bulimia is an: A. antianxiety drug B. antidepressant drug C. antipsychotic drug D antiemetic drug

B. antidepressant drug

If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated we know that: A. stress causes people to have poor health B. as stress increases, health decreases C, poor health causes people to experience stress D. mental illness causes both stress and poor health

B. as stress increases, health decreases

If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol, such finding would support the influence of the: ______. A. behavioral orientation B. biological orientation C. psychodynamic orientation D. sociocultural orientation

B. biological orientation

People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing: A. depersonalization B. dissociative amnesia C. body dysmorphic disorder D. the placebo response

B. dissociative amnesia

Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called: A. shaping B. modeling C. operant conditioning D. classical conditioning

B. modeling

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the: A. behavioral model B. sociocultural model C. psychodynamic model D. humanistic-existential model

B. sociocultural model

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when A. depression is mild to moderate B. the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs C. suicide is not judged to be a significant risk D. the patient first coms to therapy

B. the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

Case studies are helpful for all of the following reasons except that: A. their results may inspire new therapeutic techniques B. their results can be generalized C.. they may be a source of new ideas and behavior D. they off opportunities to study unusual problem

B. their results can be generalized

The MOST accurate of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of disaster (based on research studies) is: A. Debriefing helps both rescuers and victims B. Debriefing by victims is more effective than debriefing by professionals C. Debriefing doesn't work very well; it might even make victims worse D. Debriefing is so ineffective that it is no longer done

C. Debriefing doesn't work very well; it might even make victims worse

The person associate with the learned helplessness theory of depression is: A. Beck B. Freud C. Seligman D. Lewinsohn

C. Seligman

Which professions put one MOST as risk for an eating disorder? A. psychologists and social workers B. doctors and nurses C. actors and certain athletes D. bankers and insurance adjusters

C. actors and certain athletes

The practice trephination was probably used to: A. remove a part of the brain B. relieve pressure on the brain C. allow the release of evil spirits D. restore the balance among the four humors

C. allow the release of evil spirits

If a physician wanted to relieve anxiety with a LESSER risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would prescribe: A. barbiturates B. alcohol C. benzodiazepines D. cocaine

C. benzodiazepines

People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: A. binge-purge disorder B. anorexia-bulimia disorder C. binge-eating disorder D. noncompensatory binge disorder

C. binge-eating disorder

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used: A. heroin B. alcohol C. cocaine D. a barbiturate

C. cocaine

The increased use of psychotropic medications in the past fifty years generally has led to: A. deinstitutionalization and impatient care B. reinstitutionalizatoin and inpatient care C. deinstitutionalization and outpatient care D. reinstitutionalization and outpatient care

C. deinstitutionalization and outpatient care

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? A. distress B. deviance C. dysfunction D. danger to self or others

C. dysfunction

The use of exorcism suggests a belief that what we call mental illness was caused by A. germs B. poisons C. evil spirits D. psychological trauma

C. evil spirits

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that ______ has/have a strong influence on body image. A. genetic similarities B. cognitive distortions C. exposure to white U.S. culture D. impact of gender

C. exposure to white U.S. culture

Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT: A. amenorrhea B. dry, rough, cracked skin C. fever and high blood pressure D. development of lanugo - the silky hair that covers newborns

C. fever and high blood pressure

Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol: A. makes people feel sad B. makes people throw up C. relaxes people D. is a stimulant

C. relaxes people

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called: A. hysteria B. acute stress disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder

D. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is: A. excessive dieting and weight loss B. fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating C. purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives D. binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior

D. binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior

The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called: A. intoxication B. substance dependence C. substance abus D. hallucinosis

D. hallucinosis

In a scientific experiment, the variable manipulated or controlled by the experiment is called the: A. confounding variable B. alternative variable C. dependent variable D. independent variable

D. independent variable

The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is: A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. multidimensional

D. multidimensional

Martin Seligman is an important researcher on both: A. exposure therapy and mindfulness based therapy B. learned helplessness and schizophrenia C. acquisition theory and self help D. positive psychology and learned helplessness

D. positive psychology and learned helplessness

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the incidence of psychological abnormality, historically, and worldwide? A. It appears in all cultures during all time periods. B. It appears in all cultures, but only during occasional time periods. C. It appears in only some cultures, but during all time periods in those cultures. D. It appears in only some cultures, and only occasionally in those cultures.

A. It appears in all cultures during all time periods

Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had: A. a synergistic effect B. antagonistic actions C. complementary actions D. a cross-tolerance effect

A. a synergistic effect

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as: A. narcotics B. endorphins C. stimulants D. hallucinogens

A. narcotics

Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: A. negative interpretation of events B. symbolic losses C. decrease in positive activities D. serotonin levels

A. negative interpretation of events

A heroin overdoes is more likely to occur when: A. one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes one's usual dose B. one consistently takes the same dose of heroin C. one, gradually but consistently takes larger doses of heroin D. one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes a lower than usual dose

A. one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes one's usual dose

A researcher finds individuals who report large numbers of hassles in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those ho report fewer "hassles" generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of "hassles" and stress level is: A. positive B. negative C. curvilinear D. nonexistent

A. positive

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes in feature of: A. moral therapy B. psychoanalysis C. psychogenic therapy D. all psychological therapy

B. psychoanalysis

Which of the following is the best way for clinicians to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior? A. to rely solely on experimental research studies B. to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods C. to ignore studies that show conflicting results D. to rely on conventional wisdom of past ages

B. to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods

The frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: A. withdrawal symptoms B. tolerance C. hallucinosis D. synesthesia

B. tolerance

True experiments inolve the study of some: A. fact B. variable C. single case D. person

B. variable

All of the following about lithium as treatment for bipolar disorder are truce, EXCEPT that: A. it is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms B. it alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree C. it appears to help prevent relapse D. it worsens depressive symptoms

D. it worsens depressive symptoms