Abnormal Test #2

Studies have shown that _____ percent of the relatives of people with generalized anxiety disorder display it themselves

15

The average number of subpersonalities per patient is _____ for women and _____ for men

15 and 8

In any given year, approximately _____ percent of the U.S. adult population suffers from one or another of the six anxiety disorders.

18

Around _____ percent of women who are exposed to a serious trauma may develop a stress disorder, compared with _____ percent of men

20 and 8

Brodmann Area _____, located just under the cingulate cortex, tends to be smaller in depressed people than non-depressed people

25

Approximately _____ percent of the adult population develop one of the anxiety disorders at some point in their lives.

29

Postpartum depression typically begins within _____ weeks after the birth of a child

4

The DSM-5 includes a category of obsessive-compulsive related disorders. This new category has _____ patterns assigned to it.

4

In some studies, African Americans and Hispanic Americans report having _____ percent more specific phobias than do European Americans.

50

what percent of social anxiety disorders are women?

60

Which statement is TRUE regarding the DSM-5's treatment of bereavement-related depressive symptoms?

A person who is newly bereaved can qualify for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder if the depressive symptoms are severe enough.

According to _____, negative thinking lies at the heart of depression

Aaron Beck

Eduardo was driving home from work when he approached a traffic jam that came to a standstill on a bridge. The traffic did not move, and he began to feel anxious that he could not escape the traffic or the bridge. Last week, he experienced something similar when he was in a long line at a discount store. He now has developed an extreme fear of leaving home to risk facing one of these "inescapable" situations. Eduardo is MOST likely suffering from:

Agoraphobia

He proposed that many people are guided by irrational beliefs that lead them to act and react in inappropriate ways

Ellis

Sean has bipolar I disorder, while Kevin has bipolar II disorder. How do Kevin's symptoms differ from Sean's symptoms?

Kevin experiences hypomania, which is less severe than the symptoms of mania that Sean experiences.

Who is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a specific phobia?

Leeann, who fears enclosed spaces and is unemployed

Which statement is FALSE regarding bipolar disorder?

Men experience more rapid cycling than women

Zoe works a demanding, full-time job as a corporate CEO. She has two young children who demand her attention and she feels responsible for taking good care of her children. She prides herself on being a multitasker and maintains a flexible work schedule. She also hired a nanny to help with the children. Which statement reflects why Zoe is not likely to experience a negative stress response?

She sees herself as being capable and has resources to cope with her situation.

Which statement is FALSE regarding biological research conducted on bipolar disorder?

Some research has linked bipolar disorder to a number of infectious diseases.

Which statement BEST reflects why some people have unusually strong biochemical reactions to stress?

The propensity to react in this manner is inherited.

_____ stimulation is a non-invasive technique that involves stimulating the brain without subjecting depressed individuals to the undesired effects or trauma of bilateral ECT.

Transcranial magnetic

According to the sociocultural model, who is MOST likely to develop generalized anxiety disorder?

Verna, who lives with her two children in post-earthquake Haiti

Leslie is a college student who studies and works hard to achieve academic success. Generally she is a straight A student; however she recently received a "C" on a test in one of her classes. Leslie was sick when she took the test, which more than likely contributed to her low grade. However, she began to experience symptoms of depression. Behavioral theory would suggest that Leslie's response was caused by:

a change in Leslie's reward system

The onset of anxiety disorders has been linked to experiencing

a large number of stressful events

Melancholic depression is characterized by

a total inability to enjoy pleasurable events

This is an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month

acute stress disorder

Which ethnic group is MOST likely to suffer from social anxiety disorder?

african americans

_____ refers to a fear of being in a public place or situation where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.

agoraphobia

The first time Salma's mother left her at daycare, 2-year-old Salma became very sad and weepy upon separation and withdrew from her surroundings. Salma was experiencing _____ depression

anaclitic

According to psychodynamic theorists, Sigmund Freud traced obsessive-compulsive disorder to the _____ stage of development

anal

Symptoms of Mania Which is not??

anhedonia is not anger irritability euphoria

____ medications help control the tension that many veterans experience

antianxiety

Shontae was diagnosed with PTSD following her return from a tour in Afghanistan. Due to her repeated nightmares and flashbacks and bouts of depression, her psychiatrist would likely prescribe:

antidepressant medication

Research suggests that the most effective medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder are drugs such as clomipramine and fluoxetine. Both of these drugs are

antidepressants

The use of cognitive therapy alone has proven to be just as successful as _____ in the treatment of panic disorder.

antidepressants

These are the medications of choice for social anxiety disorders

antidepressants

_____ are the medications of choice for people suffering from social phobias.

antidepressants

Lisa lost her job two years ago and has had trouble finding employment and supporting her family. For the past six months, she and her children have lived in homeless shelters. She recently found out that her mother had passed away and on her most recent visit to the doctor she found out that she has cancer. Because of the number of stressful events she has encountered, she is particularly vulnerable to this type of disorder.

anxiety

This is a tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful

anxiety sensitivity

Micah's psychiatrist diagnosed him with depression. His psychiatrist follows a biological model and believes that Micah has low activity of _____ which have been strongly linked to unipolar depression.

automatic

The reason individuals do not have to make themselves breathe is due to the functioning of this system.

automatic

Which of these is NOT included in the package of fear responses?

behavioral

Those who suffer from agoraphobia with panic disorder _____ from treatment compared to those with agoraphobia without panic disorder.

benefit less

Elvyra suffers from generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist has prescribed Ativan, and has taught her to achieve deep muscle relaxation. Elvyra has also used an electromyograph for biofeedback. Elvyra's therapist's techniques are rooted in the_____ theoretical perspective.

biological

John experiences full manic and depressive episodes. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with

bipolar I

Evelyn presents with depressive symptoms that have not remitted for the last two years. Her symptoms are not that disabling and she is able to handle a few aspects of her life. Her likely diagnosis is

bipolar depression

Vicktor spends an enormous amount of time on his appearance. He will often wake early in the morning to perfectly groom his hair, in some cases re-washing it when he cannot achieve the hair style that he desires. Even when he feels confident that his hair is perfect he will constantly check it in any available mirror and correct any perceived flaws. Vicktor would MOST likely be diagnosed with _____ according to the DSM-5

body dysmorphia

Support for psychodynamic, hypnotic, and drug therapy as treatments for dissociative amnesia largely comes from

case studies

Alyse is planning her wedding and making plans to move into a new home with her new husband. She feels stress because the demands of both situations require that she:

change

Walda is a sociocultural theorist, so she does NOT believe that _____ is a factor in generalized anxiety disorder.

childhood spanking

Natasha has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist has been working with her to educate her about the role of worrying. Natasha is trying to understand what triggers her worrying and how worrying is a bad way to control her life. Natasha's therapist's techniques are rooted in which theoretical perspective?

cognitive

This type of therapy has been found as least as helpful as medication for panic disorder

cognitive

Vanessa has been diagnosed with unipolar depression. At work, she constantly degrades herself and does not think she can accomplish her work. Vanessa's symptoms are associated with the _____ symptoms of unipolar depression.

cognitive

Ten-year old Caden encounters a vicious dog that begins growling at him. Which are NOT among the physiological responses that one might expect to occur inside Caden's body?

constriction of bronchi

Suzette has been having various shifts in her mood. Sometimes she finds herself listless and sad, and at other times, she is happy and excited. None of this, however, affects her ability to function. Suzette will MOST likely be diagnosed with _____ disorder

cyclothymic

Skyler experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms. She MOST likely has

cyclothymic disorder

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder experience all of the following EXCEPT:

delusions

What disorder includes the feeling that people have become separated from their body and are observing themselves from the outside?

depersonalization-derealization disorder

The symptoms of acute stress disorder and PTSD differ in

duration

Janie began having panic attacks after her divorce. Her response is BEST understood as

emotional

This is the system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity

endocrine

In the psychodynamic view, dissociative identity disorder is thought to result from a lifetime of

excessive repression

Constantine suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He spends multiple hours cleaning and re-cleaning various areas of his house to the point that he cannot carry out other daily tasks such as cooking or taking care of his family. Constantine is aware of the amount of time he engages in his compulsions; however, every time he attempts to stop, he MOST likely

experience an increase in anxiety

According to some studies, between 60 and 80 percent of agoraphobics who receive_____ find it easier to enter public places.

exposure therapy

Carson was hiking through Yosemite National Park when he rounded a corner and found a big black bear. Which of the following would be an appropriate response?

fear

Psychodynamic theory suggests that mania emerges

from the death of a loved object

Psychodynamic theory suggests that mania emerges:

from the death of a loved object

____ amnesia involves the individual experiencing a loss in memory extending back to times long before the upsetting period

generalized

People with _____ disorder experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything.

generalized anxiety disorder

Trichotillomania is an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder that has _____ as the main symptom

hair pulling

Desmond has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and he has certain beliefs about himself that are a part of his anxiety. According to cognitive theorists, Desmond MOST likely believes that

he has no social skills

Which part of the brain would explain the intrusive thoughts experienced by many with acute stress disorder and PTSD?

hippocampus

Jewel is often critical of herself and her ability to perform even the most basic tasks. She has tried to change her negative views about herself but self-deprecating thoughts always seem to breakthrough and her anxiety increases no matter the situation. Jewel's therapist believes that this is the root of her generalized anxiety disorder. Jewel's therapist is MOST likely following the_____ perspective.

humanistic

_____ is a common treatment for dissociative amnesia

hypnotherapy

Kari did not experience any particular stressors, yet she developed depression. The fact that she seems to be responding to _____ is known as endogenous depression

internal forces

The adrenal glands sit on top of the

kidneys

This theory suggests that women may be more prone to depression because they feel less control than men over their lives

lack of control

Panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, develop in

late adolescence or early adulthood

This theory suggests that women in our society experience more stress than men

life stress

A known genetically transmitted family trait is called a genetic

marker

Dr. Bloom uses drugs and exposure techniques with his combat veterans coping with PTSD, but uses insight-oriented approaches with his patients who are survivors of rape. His treatment approaches highlight how today's treatment procedures:

may vary from trauma to trauma

The sympathetic nervous system is a group of

nerve fibers

Which chemical acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain and as a hormone when released by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream?

norepinephrine

People are considered to be in a full manic episode when they display an abnormally high or irritable mood, as well as other symptoms, for at least

one week

Evelyn presents with depressive symptoms that have not remitted for more than a month over the last two years. Her symptoms are somewhat debilitating, yet she is still able to handle a few aspects of her life. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome

When faced with stressors, the hypothalamus signals the nearby _____ gland

pituitary

The predisposition to develop certain fears is known as:

preparedness

This is an ego defense mechanism in which people suppress an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that expresses the opposite desire

reaction formation

Behavioral theory suggests that compulsions act as reinforcements because they tend to

reduce anxiety

Taylor was diagnosed with PTSD after returning from two tours of service in Iraq. She recently began experiencing problems in her marriage. Her partner complained that the closeness they once shared had changed and that Taylor had become distant and unaffectionate. This reflects which symptom associated with PTSD?

reduced responsiveness

Activity of the neurotransmitter _____ is lower in participants with mania

serotonin

Fozia was first diagnosed with social phobia several years ago. She visited a therapist because of her extreme anxiety about speaking in front of other students in her classes. The DSM-5 made changes to terminology, so Fozia's diagnosis now is referred to as:

social anxiety disorder

Jomary does not like to speak in front of others; in fact, she cannot tolerate public speaking because she worries that she will embarrass herself. Jomary may be suffering from

social anxiety disorder

Russell was first diagnosed with social phobia several years ago. He visited a therapist because of his extreme anxiety about speaking in front of other students in classes. The DSM-5 has made changes to terminology, so Russell's diagnosis will now be referred to as:

social anxiety disorder

Sally is participating in a therapy session where she is role-playing and rehearsing desirable behaviors she can perform when dealing with others. Sally is engaging in _____ skills training

social skills train rational emotive therapy

The _____ system is the network of nerve fibers that quickens the heartbeat and produces other changes experienced as arousal and fear

sympathetic nerve system

This is one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear

the HPA pathway

The hypothalamus activates these two important systems when our brain interprets a situation as dangerous

the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system

Arousal and a sense of fear is a natural reaction to

threatening events

Raymond typically is laid-back and relaxed, while Richard is usually tense and anxious even when there is no apparent threat. These individual differences are MOST attributable to differences in:

trait anxiety