Ace-v

What are the four premises of friction ridge identification

-Friction ridges develop on the fetus in their definitive form before birth -friction ridges are perisitent throughout life except for permanent scarring -friction ridge patters and the details in small areas of friction ridges are unique and never repeated -overall friction ridge patterns vary within limits which allow for clissification

What are the several factors to be considered during complete analysis and potential distortion?

-Substrate distortion -matrix distortion -development medium distortion -deposition pressure distortion -pressure distortion

What is stage one of the formation of the hand

6-10 weeks the hand takes shape and the fingers become visible

What is stage two of the formation of the hand?

6-12 weeks the volar pads appear along with the palm flexion creases

What does ACE-V stand for and how is it useful?

A-analysis C-comparison E-evaluation V-verification

What is friction ridge identification?

Agreement if friction ridge formation in sequence having sufficient uniqueness to individualize

Assessment of the specificity of the info in agreement between the mark and a print during the evaluation phase

Aims at determining whether the level of agreement between the mark and the print is sufficiently high that it cannot be observed between marks and prints originating from different donors

Assessment of the quality and quantity of features in agreement between a mark and a print during the comparison phase

Aims at judging whether they are sufficiently similar to prevent the exclusion of the donor of the print as a potential source for the mark

What are secondary creases?

All the remaining creases not classed as major or minor ceases

analysis

Assessment of a print as it appears in the substrate. (The substrate, matrix, development medium, deposition pressure, motion distortion, and development medium analyses. Analysis of clarity.

What is fingerprint identification based on?

Biology and science

Assessment of the suitability of a mark during the analysis phase

Determining whether it bears sufficient reliable info to proceed with its comparison with control prints in order to reach a conclusion on its source at the end of the evaluation phase

Deposition pressure

Downward pressure

What are the minor flexion creases?

Finger creases Accessory E lines Hypothenar crease

Development media

Fingerprint powder, ninhydrin

What is stage three of the formation of the hand?

From 12 week onward the friction ridges form

What Is first level detail?

General overall direction of ridge flow in the print (purpose is to narrow the number of possible donors, cannot be used to individualize)

clarity

How well the details from the 3-d ridges are reproduced in the 2D print

Evaluation

Is the formulation of a conclusion based upon analysis and comparison of friction ridge skin. The examiner makes the final determination as to whether a fining of individualization or same source of origin can be made.

Pressure distortion

Lateral or horizontal pressure

What is second level detail?

Path of a specific ridge (the actual ridge path, starting position of the ridge, the path the ridge takes, the length of the ridge path and where the ridge path stops. Sequences and configuration. (Dots, short ridge, ridge ending, island bifurcation, enclosure, spur, crossover, trifurcation. Second level details cannot exist without first level details.

What is third level detail?

Small shapes on the ridge, the relative location of pores and the small details contained in accidental damage to the friction ridges. third level cannot exist without first and second level detail.

Matrix

Substance deposited on the surface (can be made up of sweat, sebaceous oils from other parts of the body or foreign material

agreement

Sufficient details agree and support a determination that the prints came from the same source

disagrement

Sufficient details disagree and warrant a determination that the prints came from different sources

Substrate

Surface the print is left on (can alter the look, soft-print can sink into the surface and create molded impressions, dirty-may nit take all the matrix resulting in blotchy areas may be missing detail)

comparison

The direct or side-by side comparison of friction ridge details to determine whether the details in two prints are in agreement based upon similarity, sequence and spatial relationship occurs. The examiner makes a determinations of agreement or disagreement if individual details of the print in question.

inconclusive

The examiner cannot determine whether the details actually agree or disagree or cannot determine sufficiency of sequences and configurations

What are the major flexion creases?

Thenar (radial longitudinal) Proximal transfers Distal transverse

Formation of the hand has how many distict stages?

Three

Verification

Verification is the independent examination by another qualified examiner resulting in the same conclusion.

How much is enough?

When there is sufficient uniqueness within those details to eliminate all other possible donors in the world it is considered enough