ada

According to the gateway theory of substance use, arrange the substances a typical user indulges in, in the order in which the use occurs

-beer or wine -hard liquor and/or cigarettes -marijuana use -other illicit substances

Identify an accurate statement about genetic influence on drug use

Studies that focus on people diagnosed with substance-use disorders produce significant results

Which drug has been used as an indicator for much of the research on correlates of drug use

marijuana

According to a study conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, identify the risk factors most likely associated with marijuana use among adolescents

-having friends who use marijuana -engaging in frequent fighting, stealing, or other anti social activities -perceiving that substance use is prevalent at one's school

Data on marijuana use can be used to make a broader statement that illicit drug use among high school seniors has not changed a great deal between 1998 to 2012 because

marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug

When a person's substance use is recurrent, and the problems lead to the significant impairment or distress, that person is diagnosed with

substance-use disorder

In the context of substance use, a significant development has been

increased efforts by governments to limit access to dangerous drugs

Identify the events that led to an enormous change in the development and marketing of legal pharmaceuticals for the past 100 years

- Development of antibiotics - Introduction of vaccines

Arrange the usual changes a user undergoes upon increasing his or her alcohol consumption in the correct order of occurrence

- increased talkativeness - slurred speech and difficulty walking - unconsciousness

Why has marijuana smoking been used as an indicator for much of the research on correlates of drug use

-Enough people have tried it so that meaningful correlations can be carried out -Its use has been a matter of some concern

In the context of drug misuse, match the types of chemicals with the corresponding definition of misuse

-Prescription drugs- use of drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist -Nonprescription drugs or chemicals- any use other than the use intended by the manufacturers of those chemicals

Why is it logical for deviance-prone young people to use beer or cigarettes as their gateway substances

Because they are more widely available than psychoactive drugs

Match the drawbacks of research on drug use by adolescents and young adults with their descriptions

Bias in information gathered- as only those students who are in classrooms can be surveyed, high school dropouts are excluded from the research data discrepancy in honesty of answers- in most cases, there is no way of confirming a student's claims on a questionnaire

________ is drug use that is not common within a social group and is disapproved of by the majority

Deviant drug use

Which drug has been used as an indicator for much of the research on correlates of drug use

Marijuana

There is strong evidence linking drug dependence to endorphins

False

Match the popular drugs with their beneficial applications

Heroin- painkillers cocaine- local anesthetic methamphetamine- treatment of ADHD and obesity

Identify an accurate statement about the role of homeostasis in alcohol or drug use

Homeostatic processes mobilize to counteract some alcohol-related effects

Addiction is a controversial and complex term because

it has different meanings for different people

Why has measurement of impulsivity become more popular recently among studies aiming to correlate rate of substance use to personality of users

Large-scale survey studies of the general population have yielded weak correlations with other personality traits

According to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, identify an accurate statement about the correlation between gender and rate of substance use

Males are more likely to indulge in substance use than females

Identify an accurate statement about substance use

Not all substance use is abuse

Match the parameters used by UofM for its Monitoring the Future Project while surveying 12th graders with their influence on prevalence of marijuana use in the past 30 days among 12th graders

Perceived availability- it does not appear to explain differences in rates of use over time Perceived risk of regular use- it essentially is a mirror image of the trend in rates of using marijuana

In the context of studying substance use, a study done over a period of time, generally over months or years, is known as a ________

longitudinal study

When drug abuse, drug dependence, and deviant drug use are talked about, it is __________ that is being referred to

The way the drug is being used

In the context of young adults w;/ college degrees, identify an accurate statement about the trend in substance use according to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

They are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco

According to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, identify a true statement about the trend in substance use among young adults with college degrees

They are somewhat less likely to use marijuana or cocaine

When are prescription drugs illicit

When they are manufactured or sold illegally

According to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, within the purview of the American society at large, _________ are slightly more likely to indulge in substance use

caucasians

In the context of drug use, antecedents are

characteristics that predict later initiation of drug use

The term ______________________________ refers to any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical nature alters structure or function in the living organism

drug

Studies of risk and protective factors of substance use conclude that the adolescents who are likely to smoke cigarettes, drink heavily, and smoke marijuana are also likely to

engage in other deviant behavior

An accurate statement about psychoactive drugs is that

every drug acts at multiple sites

According to research, effects of psychoactive drugs on a user are influenced by _____________

his or her expectations of the effects they will produce

A drug user shows a _________ when there are clear withdrawal signs when the drug is not taken

physiological dependence

A procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated is known as a

reinforcement

While different research laboratories have different ways of measuring impulsivity, in general, it _____________

relates to a person's tendency to act quickly and without considering long-term consequences

Glutamate is often referred to as the brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter because

stimulation of its receptors makes cells more excitable

In the context of the effects of drugs on the brain, an equilibrium develops quickly for most drugs because

the brain is well supplied with blood

The enormous growth in government efforts for regulating dangerous drugs or drugs that produce dependence, both in expenditures and in the breadth of substances controlled, is termed as

war on drugs

Peoples understanding of the term addiction ranges from those who apply the the term broadly to anyone who is especially interested in an activity to those who apply the term only to people

whose lives have been completely taken over by substance use