Adaptive Learning Assignment 4
Malware is short for malicious software and is designed to steal information, destroy data, impact the operations of a computer or network, or frustrate the user. Common types of malware include:
Viruses Worms Trojans
Match the correct percentage to the correct statement. TechJury compiled a list of cybersecurity statistics that show the impact of different malware and network attacks.
What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small business? 43% What percentage of cyberattacks are launched with a phishing email? 91% What percentage of daily email attachments are harmful for their intended recipient? 85% What percentage of malicious attachments are masked as Microsoft Office files? 38%
A group of computers under the control of a hacker is referred to as a ________ .
botnet, botnets, or bot net
A deliberate misuse of computers and networks, _____ use malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network.
cyberattacks
A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense is called _____.
cybercrime
A _________ denial-of-service (DDoS) attack takes place when a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.
distributed
Personal software ________ are typically included with the operating system and can be configured based on user preference.
firewalls
Malware is short for _______ software.
malicious
Businesses need to take steps to protect computer systems, data, and information from _________ disasters.
natural
Activities where white-hat hackers are paid to hack into private networks and applications is referred to as __________ testing.
penetration
Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet _.
sniffers
Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet _____.
sniffers
Unlike phishing which does not have a specific target and is designed to reach the maximum amount of people, ________ phishing is a precise type of attack.
spear
Click and drag on elements in order. Put the steps for how a virus infects a digital device in the correct order.
1. The virus arrives via email attachment, file download, or by visiting a website that has been infected. 2. An action such as running or operating a file actives the virus. 3. The infection spreads to other computers via infected email, files, or contact with infected websites. 4. The payload or the component of a virus that executes the malicious activity hits the computer and other infected devices.
Recently, TechJury compiled a list of cybersecurity statistics that show the impact of different malware and network attacks. What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small businesses?
43%
Before data security strategies are created, which questions must be answered?
Am I reducing the risk in the most cost-effective way? What is the risk I am reducing? Is this the highest priority security risk?
Select the true statements about state-sponsored cyberwarefare.
Attacks can be directly launched by a foreign government or by a group or individual who has been paid by to execute the attack Originate and are executed by foreign governments. Can be used to send warnings or to create conflict between countries.
Rootkits are typically used to allow hackers to do which of the following?
Create a backdoor into a computer Remotely control the operations of a computer.
Mohammed is experiencing issues with his work computer. He speaks to the IT department and they identify various symptoms of a computer virus. Symptoms of a computer virus include:
Critical files may be automatically deleted Unexpected error messages The operating system may not launch properly
Select the true statements about ransomware attacks.
One of the most popular methods used in ransomware attacks is through phishing. Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Ransomware attacks invade computers via Trojan Horse viruses, worms, or by a user opening a legitimate looking email.
Select the true statements about white hat hackers.
The goal of white hat hackers is to find gaps in network security and to test security defenses. Use the same techniques and tools that are used by illegitimate hackers.
Select what's true about how a Trojan infects a computer system.
Trojans are designed using some sort of social engineering tactic. Trojans are commonly used by hackers to gain access to systems and devices. Hackers use Trojans to create a backdoor into a user's system which allows them to spy on the computer's activities.
Security risk can be calculated using the following calculation: Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x .
asset
One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of _________ science in their data and network security policies.
behavior or behavioral
A ________ hat hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data.
black
A deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet that uses malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network is called a .
cyberattack, cyber attack, or cybercrime
A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense is called _______.
cybercrime, cybercrimes, or cyber crime
A form of spyware that records all actions typed on a keyboard is called a ____ logger.
key or keystroke
The illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank, financial institution, or insurance company is referred to as ____________ . In order to appear legitimate, the message often contains the company's logo and identifying information.
phishing
The use of computers and digital technology to manipulate people so they divulge confidential information such as usernames, passwords, account information is called _____ engineering.
social
According to National Institute for Standards , once a cybersecurity risk assessment has been conducted and the various questions in the risk assessment have been answered, an organization will be able to decide what to protect.
technology
A program that appears legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a _______ horse virus.
trojan
Sharing infected files and opening an infected email attachment are ways that a computer ______ can infect a digital device.
virus
Sharing infected files and opening an infected email attachment are ways that a computer _______ can infect a digital device.
virus
Computer experts that attempt to hack into a network to ensure that it is protected against intrusions are called ______ -hat hackers.
white
Many organizations hire computer experts who test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against intrusions. These experts use a variety of techniques including hacking, penetration testing, and vulnerability testing. These types of experts are known as _____ hackers.
white-hat
What type of hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data?
Black hat hackers
Select the true statements about keystroke loggers.
Software based keystroke loggers are often a Trojan that is installed without the user's knowledge Keystroke loggers can record passwords and confidential information Can be hardware devices and software applications
There are multiple ways ransomware attacks can be launched. Which of the following are methods a ransomware attack can be launched?
Trojan Horse Phishing
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which of the following are steps businesses can take to help protect systems, data, and information from natural disasters?
Utilize off-site cloud storage Create a business continuity plan Store data in different areas across the United States (geographic data redundancy)
Which of the following statements about computer viruses are true?
A computer virus is software that infects computers and is created using computer code. Viruses can destroy programs or alter the operations of a computer or network.
You are speaking with a friend about how to protect yourself from phishing scams. Your friend (who works in cybersecurity) gives you some advice about what to do if you receive a phishing message. Which of the following statements would be considered good advice?
Banks and credit card companies will never ask you to provide personal information via email messages. If you receive a suspicious message, contact the institution that the message was allegedly sent from. Contact US-CERT.
The technology that provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses is called _____.
NAT
Select what's true about Trojan malware.
Often used to find passwords, destroy data, or to bypass firewalls Often found attached to free downloads and apps Similar to viruses, but do not replicate themselves
Select what's true about spear phishing attacks.
Spear phishing is a type of email scam that is directed toward a specific person or organization. Spear phishing attacks are designed to steal data and some attacks may also be designed to install malicious software on a device.
As reported by Andrei Ene, Tiny Banker _________ (TBT) is one of the worst malware attacks in the last 10 years.
Trojan
One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of behavior science in their data and network security policies. One of these methods is called UEBA. Select the true statements about UEBA.
UEBA uses a variety of different tactics to create a map of pattern behavior including machine learning, statistical analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) It is a type of cybersecurity that observes and records the conduct of computer and network users UEBA stands for user and entity behavior analytics
According to the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST), cybersecurity personnel can take steps to ensure data and systems are protected. The first thing an organization should conduct is a cybersecurity risk assessment. The cybersecurity risk assessment is concerned with answering which of the following questions?
What are the relevant threats and the threat sources to our organization? What are our organization's most important information technology assets? What are the internal and external vulnerabilities?
Developed by Cisco and used by firewalls, routers, and computers that are part of a network and are connected to the Internet, Network _ Translation provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses.
address or addresses
Hardware or software used to keep a computer secure from outside threats such as hackers and viruses by allowing or blocking Internet traffic is called a ____.
firewall
Malware is designed to do which of the following?
Steal information Incapacitate networks and computers Destroy data
Select the reasons a government may choose to get involved in state-sponsored cyberwarfare.
Cyberwarfare is relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional warfare. Cyberwarfare is often difficult to trace and identify. Cyberwarfare can cause widespread damage to IT infrastructure.
A DDoS attack is when computers that have been infected by a virus act as "zombies" and work together to send out illegitimate messages creating huge volumes of network traffic. The acronym DDoS stands for ___ .
Distributed Denial of Service
Match each statement to the correct term related to DoS attacks.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: When a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet. Bot: A hacker uses software to infect computers, including laptops, desktops, tablets, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, turning each computer into a zombie Botnet: A group of computers under the control of a hacker.
A hacker launches an attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests. This would be considered a _____ attack.
DoS
Which of the following are examples of cyberattacks?
DoS attacks Information theft DDoS attacks
An attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests is called a _______ attack.
DoS, DOS, dos, or denial of service
According to Norton, which of the following steps should be taken to defend against rootkits?
Don't ignore software updates Watch out for drive-by-downloads Be aware of phishing emails
Which of the following statements correctly describes phishing?
Phishing is the illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank. Phishing scams use legitimate looking email messages to con a user into giving up private information.
Malware that encrypts a computer's data, forcing the victim to purchase a decryption code, is called ___ .
Ransomware
One version of this type of malware encrypts a victims data until a payment is made. Another version threatens to make public a victim's personal data unless a payment is made. This type of malware is called
Ransomware
One version of this type of malware encrypts a victims data until a payment is made. Another version threatens to make public a victim's personal data unless a payment is made. This type of malware is called ___>
Ransomware
White hat hackers use the same techniques and tools that are used by illegitimate hackers. These tools include which of the following?
Rootkits Social engineering Back door programs
Tips to avoid falling victim to a social engineering attack includes which of the following?
Slow down and think about the scenario. Make sure to research the facts contained in an email message. Be mindful of web searches to make sure you are landing on legitimate sites.