Add Master Set 23
Complete the sentences to review the process of T cell activation
1. T cell activation begins when an APC presents an antigen fragment in association with an MHC-II molecule to a CD-4 helped T cell 2. Once activated, helper T cells can differentiate into T helper 1 cells which will activate phagocytic cells and secretes IL-2 to help activate cell mediated immunity 3. CD4 helper T may also differentiate into T helper 2 cells for B-cell activation, or T helper 17 or T helper regulatory cells for modulation of the inflammatory response 4. An APC may also activate a CD8 T cell when the antigen is complexed with MHC-1. These CD8 cells are called cytotoxic T cells 5. Activated CD8 cells will mount a direct attack on target cells through the action of perforins, which punch holes in membranes, and granzymes, which then enter through these passageways
B-cells differentiate into plasma cells and A. Memory cells B. Macrophages C. Helper T cells D. Mast cells
A
Helper T-cells A. Function in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity B. Function in only cell-mediated immunity C. Function only in humoral immunity by secreting antibodies
A
In the case of cancer or viral infection, which MHC class is involved with displaying abnormal proteins to cytotoxic T cells as a signal for destruction? A. I B. II
A
_________ are substances that provoke a specific immune response which is so discriminating that only a single molecular fragment, called an _____, interacts with the lymphocyte's receptor
Antigens, epitope
A helper T-cell becomes activated by a(n) A. B-cell B. Antigen-presenting cell C. Memory cell D. Plasma cell
B
All of the following cells have class IIMHC receptors on their surface EXCEPT A. B cells B. Red blood cells C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells
B
An antigen-presenting cell presents antigen to a helper T-cell A. On its surface attached to an antibody B. On its surface using a class II MHC C. On its surface using a class I MHC D. Inside a vesicle
B
During lymphocyte development, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a role in A. Driving protein synthesis in cytotoxic T-cells B. The recognition of self by the immune system and rejection of foreign tissue C. Allowing viruses to inject DNA or RNA into host cells D. Stimulating plasma cells to produce more antibodies
B
Helper T cells require antigen processing and presentation by MHC __ molecules A. I B. II
B
MHC II molecules are located on what types of cells? A. All lymphocytes (T and B) B. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells C. Infected cells only D. All nucleated cells
B
The antibody producing progeny of cells of a B-fell clone are called _____. A. Antibodies B. Plasma cells C. Sensitized T-cells D. Bursa cells
B
Why are CD4 cell counts an important measure in determining the progression of HIV disease to AIDS? A. Helper T cells which possess the CD4 markers are important in the activation of humoral defenses, the only defense impaired in AIDS B. Helper T cells which possess the CD4 markers are important in the activation or efficiency of both adaptive and innate defenses C. Helper T cells which possess the CD4 markers are important in the stimulation of innate defenses, the only aspect of the immune system that is deficient in AIDS D. Cytotoxic T cells which possess the CD4 markers are important in the activation or efficiency of both adaptive and innate defenses
B
Which of the following are correctly matched? CD8-helped T cells CD8-cytotoxic T cells CD4-helped T cells CD4-cytotoxic T cells
B C
Choose the statement that best describes the primary action of B cells
B cells undergo antibody production and secretion
Label the image to test your understanding of antibody structure
Bottom blank: carbohydrates
Label the image to test your understanding of lymphocyte development and function within the third line of defense
Bottom two: (underneath plasma cells) antibodies and (underneath activated T cell) T cytotoxic
Characteristics of good antigens include all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. Viruses B. Exotoxins C. Large, repetitive molecules D. Whole cells
C
Select the cell types that can serve as antigen presenting cells
Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells
T/F: A helper T-cell must be activated before it can stimulate a B-call to produce antibody
T
T/F: Both antigen-presenting cells and B-cells have class I MHC receptors on their surface
T
T/F: Cell surface markers play important roles in the specific immune response for the recognition of both self and nonself molecules
T
T/F: MHC I molecules normally display "self" proteins, those that are normally produced by a cell
T
T/F: Proteins generally are T-cell dependent antigens.
T
T/F: memory B cells are formed during the primary response so that upon a secondary antigen exposure, a faster and more vigorous antibody response ensues
T
Select the line of defense that displayed immunologic memory
Third line defenses
Select the targets of Tc cells
Virally infected cells, cancer cells, cells transplanted from other animals or humans
CD8 markers bind to MHC class __ molecules
i
The first stage of the specific immune response involves
lymphocyte development and differentiation
Choose the statement that describes the method of cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing of a target cell
apoptosis
MHC-I molecules are located on what types of cells? A. All lymphocytes (T and B) B. Infected cells only C. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells D. All nucleated cells
D
What interaction is involved in the stimulation of a helper T cell? A. The interaction of the T cell receptor with processed antigen and the binding of CD4 to the MHC I molecule B. The interaction of the T cell receptor with processed antigen and the binding of CD8 to the MHC II molecule C. The interaction of the T cell receptor with the MHC I molecule and the presentation of antigen by CD4 marker D. The interaction of the T cell receptor with the MHC II molecule and the presentation of antigen by CD4 market E. The interaction of the T cell receptor with processed antigen and the binding of CD4 to the MHC II molecule
E
Choose the phrase that describes MHC class I molecules
Expressed on all human nucleated cells
B and T cells can only recognize and bind antigen that has been processed and presented on MHC molecules: T/F
F
T/F: APCs present antigens on CD8 molecules
F
T/F: There are no antigens that can stimulate B-cells directly.
F
Place the steps in the correct order to assess your knowledge of B cell activation and antibody synthesis
First blank: programmed B cell binds to its specific antigen
Antigen presenting cells A. Include macrophages B. Include dendritic cells C. Engulf and present processed antigen on the surface D. All of these are correct
D