Addiction Test 1 M.P.

Morphine is about _________ times more powerful than opium. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20

10

How many nerve cell connections are in the nervous system? A. 100 million. B. 10 billion C. 100 billion D. 100 trillion

100 trillion

When a drug is injected, how long does it take for the drug to reach the brain? A. instantly B. 7-10 seconds C. 15 to 30 seconds D. 3 to 5 minutes

15-30 seconds

A child's circulatory system contains about how much blood? A. 3-4 quarts of blood B. 5-6 quarts of blood C. 7-8 quarts of blood D. 9-10 quarts of blood

3-4 quarts of blood

What percent of motor vehicle fatalities in 2001 involved alcohol use? A. 20% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50%

40%

Major heroin withdrawal symptoms usually last A. 12-24 hours. B. 1-2 days. C. 5-7 days. D. 1-2 weeks.

5-7 days

What percent of the adult American population drank alcohol in the last month? A. 42% B. 52% C. 62% D. 72%

52%

Which of the following is NOT true concerning nicotine? A. Nicotine suppresses appetite. B. Nicotine increases metabolism. C. Nicotine produces a rapid tolerance response. D. A chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette

A chew of tobacco puts more not less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette.

Which of the following is NOT true about cocaine? A. Cocaine grows mainly on the slopes of the Andes Mountains in South America. B. The United States consumes 80% of the world's cocaine C. Cocaine refinement technique is a simple 4- to 5-step process. D. There is speculation that Robert Louis Stevenson wrote Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde under the influence of cocaine.

All of North America consumes only 40% to 50% of the world's cocaine supply

Which is not true about tobacco? A. Columbus noted that the Native Americans used tobacco as a medicine. B. The Portuguese introduced tobacco to Japan and China C. Sir Walter Raleigh brought "tobacco smoking for recreation" to the court of Queen Elizabeth. D. Even though tobacco was a common plant in Europe before Columbus came to the Americas, no one had ever smoked it.

Even though tobacco was a common plant in Europe before Columbus came to the Americas, no one had ever thought of smoking it

Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over-the-counter diet pills are completely safe.

False. Over-the-counter stimulants can be dangerous, including OTC diet pills

A neurotransmitter most affected by alcohol is A. norepinephrine. B. acetylcholine. C. dopamine. D. GABA.

GABA

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant? A. GHB B. betel nuts C. khat D. ma huang

GHB is a sedative

Which is a possible deadly side effect of using heroin intravenously? A. hyperventilation B. tachycardia C. convulsions D. HIV infection

HIV infection

Which of the following is true of cocaine hydrochloride? A. It is 200 times more powerful by weight than the coca leaf. B. Sigmund Freud never used cocaine and felt it was an extremely dangerous drug. C. It cannot be injected intravenously. D. Cocaine was never drunk, it was only snorted.

It is 200 times more powerful by weight than the coca leaf

Which statement about cocaine is NOT true? A. Cocaine forces the release of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine and then blocks their reabsorption. B. Cocaine is metabolized very quickly, and its effects disappear faster than with amphetamine. C. Cocaine is the only naturally occurring topical anesthetic with powerful vasoconstriction effects. D. Injecting cocaine gets to the brain faster than smoking cocaine (i.e., crack).

Smoking any drug gets to the brain faster than injecting it.

Which is NOT true regarding the cardiovascular effects of cocaine use? A. There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itself. B. It raises the heart rate. C. It constricts the blood vessels. D. It can weaken the walls of the blood vessels and cause a stroke.

There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itsel

Which of the following is true of crack cocaine? A. It has a higher melting point than powdered cocaine. B. It is more water-soluble than powdered cocaine. C. Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine. D. None of the above are true.

Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine.

Which combination of drugs would probably be more dangerous? A. marijuana and heroin B. Valium® and alcohol C. mescaline and heroin D. diet pills and heroin

Valium and alcohol

The natural form of the hallucinogen LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is found in A. the root of the mandrake plant. B. a moss covering corn plants. C. the seeds of the ephedra shrub. D. a fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants.

a fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

The combination of heroin and cocaine is know as A. a speedball. B. a kicker. C. a synergism. D. a roller coaster.

a speedball

Which is an intermediate product of alcohol metabolism? A. acetaldehyde B. GABA C. acetone D. methyl alcohol

acetaldehyde

The most popular psychoactive substance over the millennia has been A. opium. B. cocaine. C. alcohol. D. tobacco.

alcohol

The London Gin Epidemic was ultimately brought under control by A. prohibition of the selling or drinking of gin. B. heavy regulation on the production of alcohol. C. strict regulation of sales and stiff taxes on gin. D. all of the above.

all of the above

The discovery of brain chemicals that acted like psychoactive drugs led to A. more understanding of the process of addiction. B. more understanding of the process of mental illness. C. new uses of therapeutic drugs to treat addiction and withdrawal states. D. all of the above.

all of the above

Which of the following is usually NOT an alcohol-related disease or disorder? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Wernicke's encephalopathy C. Korsakoff's psychosis D. ARND (alcohol-related Neurological disorder)

alzheimers disease

The difference between the neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is that A. amphetamines stimulate more release of catecholamines than cocaine. B. amphetamines block catecholamine reuptake but cocaine does not. C. amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not. D. there is no difference in their effect on neurochemistry, only the amount of time the high lasts.

amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not

The most common medical use of opioids is A. anxiety control. B. emphysema. C. analgesia. D. tumor suppression.

analgesia

Drugs that bind to receptors and block the effects of neurotransmitters are A. agonists. B. inverse agents. C. antagonists. D. reverse agents.

antagonists

Which substance has been used to dilute heroin? A. baby laxative B. marijuana C. cocaine D. all of the above

aspirin

Which is NOT a direct effect of alcohol abuse? A. fatty liver B. malnutrition C. gastritis and ulcers D. asthma

asthma

The sub group of sedative-hypnotics that came to dominate the prescription market because they were safer than barbiturates are called A. second-generation barbiturates. B. nonbarbiturate tranquilizers. C. benzodiazepines. D. nonbenzodiazepine tranquilizers.

benzodiazepines

Barbiturates were supplanted as the sedative-hypnotic of choice by A. alcohol-based tonics B. benzodiazepines C. opioid painkillers D. chloral hydrate

benzodiazeprines

The main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect the body is the A. blood-brain barrier. B. aorta barrier. C. lymphatic barrier. D. drug-brain barrier.

blood brain barrier

What is the name of the metabolite produced when alcohol and cocaine are used together? A. ∆-9 B. cocaethylene C. ascorbic acid D. oxygenated cocaine

cocaethylene

Which of the following routes of administration acts the slowest upon the brain? A. injecting B. inhaling C. oral ingestion D. contact (transdermal) absorption

contact transdermal absorption

In levels of use terminology, abuse means A. drug-seeking behavior. B. a definite pattern of use. C. continued use of the drug despite negative consequences. D. to experience compulsion of use.

continued use of the drug despite negative consequences

Which is an effect of sedative-hypnotics? A. controls skeletal muscular spasms B. increased muscular coordination C. rapid speech D. increased inhibitions

controls skelatal muscular spasms

Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal symptoms can include A. fluid in the lungs. B. high blood pressure. C. rapid heart beat. D. convulsions.

convulsions

Which is a symptom of severe alcohol withdrawal? A. convulsions and seizures B. slurred speech C. blackout D. respiratory depression

convulsions and seizures

Ice is to methamphetamine as _______ is to cocaine. A. alcohol B. heroin C. crack D. marijuana

crack

Which of the following is a function of the new brain? A. emotional memories B. drug craving C. heart rate D. creativity

creativity

Which of the following is NOT part of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome? A. anhedonia B. decreased appetite C. anergia D. emotional depression

decreased appetite

Which is NOT a type of tolerance? A. select tolerance B. pharmacodynamic tolerance C. delayed tolerance D. dispositional tolerance

delayed tolerance

Drug effects on the individual have been intensified due to A. development of more efficient and faster ways of putting drugs into the body. B. more people discovering numerous plants that are psychoactive. C. mixing alkaloids and psychoactive drugs. D. none of the above.

development of more efficient and faster ways of putting drugs into the body.

One of the reasons that GHB and Rohypnol® are similar to alcohol is their A. effect on the liver. B. legality. C. solubility. D. disinhibitory effect.

disinhibitory effect

One of the earliest Americans to write about the health dangers of drinking and to recommend temperance was A. George Washington. B. Benjamin Franklin. C. Thomas Jefferson. D. Dr. Benjamin Rush

dr. benjamin rush

Which of the following has the most caffeine content? A. dark chocolate (4 oz.) B. Coca Cola© (1 can) C. espresso coffee (4 oz. demitasse) D. Haagen Dazs© coffee ice cream (1⁄2 cup)

espresso coffee

When a substance originates outside the body, it is A. endogenous. B. exogenous. C. synthetic. D. all of the above.

exogenous

. The neurotransmitter most responsible for stimulating the reward/reinforcement center is GABA.

false

Although Cannabis was used in ancient times as a source for fiber and oil, for its edible seeds, and as a medicine, it was not used for its stupefying and hallucinogenic properties.

false

Although marijuana was used extensively by those in the 1960s "hippie movement" and at the "Summer of Love" in 1967, amphetamines and methamphetamines were not popular yet, so were not used.

false

Low-to-moderate doses of alcohol are safe for all adults except pregnant women.

false

Naturally fermented beverages can reach an alcohol concentration of almost 98%.

false

The chewing of coca leaves in South America was mostly among the common people since the nobility thought it was a dirty habit.

false

The majority of heroin users are unemployed and live on the street.

false

The most addicting drug is alcohol.

false

Today's marijuana is less potent than the marijuana smoked in the 1960s.

false

When there is internal conflict, the new brain will usually override the old brain.

false

Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous physically than withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics.

false

Crack cocaine is not only stronger than powdered cocaine, it is an entirely different molecule, so it acts on different neurotransmitters.

false. Crack cocaine acts the same in the brain; it is the route of administration (i.e., smoking) that is different

Alcohol is metabolized by the liver at a rate of about one ounce of pure alcohol (2 drinks) every hour

false. alcohol is metabolized by the liver a a rate of about one ounce of pure alcohol (1.5 drinks every 3 hours)

Binge drinking is defined as drinking 10 or more drinks in one sitting for males, 8 for females.

false. it is defined as 5 drinks in one sitting for males, 4 drinks for females

Inhalants most often cause central nervous system stimulation leading to excitement.

flase

Tolerance to the physical and mental effects of increased doses of sedative- hypnotics increases at the same rates.

flase

Heroin mimics the body's own pain messengers.

flase. Heroin mimics the bodys own pain supression messengers (eg endorphins)

The most dangerous barbiturates are the long-acting ones, such as phenobarbital.

flase. the most dangerous are the short acting ones

Which will NOT cause a sober mouse to become an alcoholic mouse? A. nutrition B. genes C. stress D. excess alcohol

genes

Alcohol is more likely to cause violence in a person who A. has a history of violence. B. has been using another downer at the same time. C. is allergic to alcohol. D. is a long-term alcoholic

has a history of violence

The first benzodiazepine was A. Xanax®. B. Halcion®. C. Librium®. D. Dalmane®.

librium

Which is NOT a genetic research technique? A. twin studies B. retrospective studies C. biologic family records D. liver biopsies

liver biopsies

Which of the following is NOT true for African American use of alcohol? A. Medical problems brought on by heavy drinking among Blacks are more severe than for Whites. B. Heavy use of alcohol was lower among Blacks than among Whites or Hispanics. C. Peak drinking for Blacks occurred after the age of 30 whereas drinking among Whites peaked at a younger age. More White women abstain from alcohol than Black women.

more white woman abstain from alcohol than black women

A drug that stops the effect of heroin in the brain is A. Miltown®. B. Valium®. C. naltrexone. D. methadone.

naltrexone

Within the neuron, what is stored in vesicles? A. mitochondria B. neurotransmitters C. axons D. sodium ions

neurotransmitters

Which of the following is not a stimulant (an "upper")? A. opium B. cocaine C. amphetamines D. caffeine

opium

Which is NOT a type of withdrawal? A. pharmacodynamic withdrawal B. purposive withdrawal C. nonpurposive withdrawal D. delayed withdrawal

pharmacodynamic withdrawal

Which of the following plants do not contain caffeine? A. poppy and hemp B. coca and kola nut C. guarana and maté D. tea and yoco

poppy and hemp

The mechanism that accepts neurotransmitters is a A. neuron. B. receptor. C. antagonist. D. agonist.

receptor

The reason that initially alcohol seems like a stimulant is that it A. increases blood flow. B. releases norepinephrine. C. lowers serotonin. D. increases synapse activity

releases norepinephrine

A common drug used at parties now, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), is classified as a A. stimulant (upper). B. sedative (downer). C. pain killer (opiate downer). D. psycho-stimulant (all arounder).

sedative (Downer)

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of long-term abuse of cocaine? A. formication B. dental erosions C. severe weight gain D. seizures

severe weight gain (Note: cocaine is an anorexic that diminishes not stimulates appetite)

The organ that absorbs the most alcohol after it is ingested is the A. liver. B. esophagus. C. stomach. D. small intestine.

small intestine

Another word for putting powdered cocaine under the tongue is A. contact absorption. B. sublingual. C. buccal. D. insufflation.

sublingual

The neurotransmitter that transmits pain is A. endorphin. B. serotonin. C. substance "P." D. heroin.

substance P

Methadone works by A. blocking a user's reaction to heroin. B. making the user nauseous if using heroin. C. substituting a long-acting opioid for a short-acting one. D. acting as a antidepressant.

substituting a long-acting opiod for a short acting one

The gap between neurotransmitters is the A. synapse. B. vacuole. C. axon. D. soma.

synapse

Which of the following is a part of a neuron? A. blood-brain barrier B. terminals C. capillaries D. synaptic gap

terminals

The organ which metabolizes most of the alcohol consumed is A. the lungs. B. the kidneys. C. the liver. D. the small intestine.

the liver

Which is the best cure for a hangover? A. coffee B. carbonated sodas C. time D. raw eggs and potassium sulfate

time

Which is a NOT a desired effect of psychoactive drugs? A. to alleviate emotional pain B. to get energy C. to get a rush D. to increase depression

to increase depression

Which of the following has NOT been a use for amphetamines? A. to treat narcolepsy B. to relax muscles C. to stay awake D. to reduce appetite

to relax muscles

The T in SPECT scans stands for what? A. topography B. topical C. television D. tomography

tomography

A female of the same weight as a male will raise her blood alcohol concentration more per drink than the male.

true

ADHD is often treated with amphetamine like drugs.

true

Alcohol use during pregnancy is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States.

true

All stimulants increase the chemical and electrical activity in the central nervous system.

true

Codeine can control diarrhea.

true

Darvon® will help suppress heroin withdrawal.

true

Due to a large margin of safety, overdosing (i.e., dying) with benzodiazepines is difficult.

true

Fentanyl is stronger than morphine.

true

Fermentation is a process whereby yeast changes sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

true

In males, some alcohol is metabolized in the stomach before it is able to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

true

In the process of metabolism of alcohol by the liver, one of the metabolites is acetic acid, more commonly called vinegar.

true

It is estimated that one person dies from secondhand smoke (mostly from cardiovascular disease) for every eight smoker deaths.

true

Low level use of benzodiazepines over an extended period of a year or more will cause physical dependence.

true

MDMA (ecstasy) and LSD act like stimulants as well as hallucinogens.

true

Many of the abnormalities in the newborns of drug users have more to do with the mother's lifestyle than the drug itself.

true

Organic solvents can be toxic to cells and organs.

true

Overall illicit drug use has declined since its peak in 1979 and 1980.

true

Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that don't have a natural counterpart in the body.

true

Snorting cocaine is a self-limiting method of using cocaine.

true

The ancient Egyptians used opium for its medical properties.

true

The drug wars in Mexico have claimed about 35,000 lives in recent years.

true

The effects (the intensity, the duration of effect, etc.) of any drug, including alcohol, depend on the dosage.

true

The liver alters Valium® into a more potent drug.

true

The most important reason that people continue to smoke is an intense desire to maintain a certain nicotine level in the blood and brain to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

true

The nucleus accumbens is found in the old brain.

true

The physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar.

true

The use of needles to inject street drugs has been one major cause of the spread of the HIV virus that leads to AIDS.

true

There is a direct correlation between average number of drinks per week by college students and their grade average.

true

Tolerance to amphetamines is pronounced.

true

Which is NOT a direct effect of alcohol abuse? A. lower esophageal bleeding B. tuberculosis C. cirrhosis D. raised then lowered blood sugar

tuberculosis

Psychiatric medications A. work primarily on the endocrine system. B. are actually powerful pain killers. C. are used to rebalance irregular brain chemistry. D. have no significant side effects.

used to rebalance irregular brain chemistry

The most widely abused prescription opiate is A. methadone. B. OxyContin®. C. Percodan®. D. Vicodin®.

vicodin

Which congressional act (that became the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution) prohibited the manufacture and sale of any alcoholic beverage with above 0.5% alcohol? A. The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) B. The Opium Exclusion Act (1909) C. The Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) D. The Volstead Act (1920)

volstead act