Adler

The healthy individual is one who has developed (8 things)

1.His/her social interest. 2. Willing to commit self to life tasks. 3. Expresses confidence non-consciously. 4. Optimism Pessimism leads to the lifestyle map conviction of "woe is me". 5. Sense of belonging Has many different facets. Belonging to the family, society, friends, another person. etc. Feeling useful. 6. Rejects faulty values As they understand how they are acting "as if", they will reject the faulty values and have courage to take risks not to do it anymore. 7. Understands that they can be imperfect When Borczon was a young guitar player he wanted to be the greatest guitar player in the world. If he stuck with it he may have been very discouraged and by not obtaining that he may have developed feelings of inferiority. 8. Has a place of belonging different than sense. Sense is internal. A place means "this is my social network. This is my family." A place can be a person or a relationship. Sense is feeling useful, place is with whom or where.

Life style convictions are divided into _____ groups

4 Self-concept Self-ideal Weltbild Ethical convictions

A life-style makes someone behave ______ it were true.

as if

reorientation

centers around the fact that persuading the client to change is in his/her best interests.

it must be the _______ decision to continue in the old ways or move in different directions.

client's

The family constellation

constitutes the primary social environment for the child.

Weltbild -

convictions about the world and what it demands of me

Self-concept -

convictions about who I am

Technique of change: Catching oneself

in an old behavior and learning to modify it - done through practice.

The "psychopathological" individual is a discouraged person who feels __________, having lost or never developed the courage (the ability to take ______) to meet life tasks.

inferior risks

Lack of congruence between the self and the self-concept experiences with others leads to _______ feelings.

inferiority

To decrease __________ feelings and utilize one's resources - to overcome _____________.

inferiority discouragement

Self-ideal -

convictions about who I should be If there is a discrepancy between these two, you will probably have the inferiority complex. Discrepancy between 1 and 3 is also an inferiority complex.

If someone cannot find a place in society, they become

discouraged

What is "pathology" viewed as?

discouragement

Interpretation

emphasizes purpose rather than cause. It's like holding up a mirror where you outline alternatives rather than giving advice - it's to help facilitate insight. It's the difference between asking the question "why are you doing this" and "what are you doing this for."

since the pathology is viewed as discouragement, ______ is used extensively

encouragement

Who is a "psychopathological" individual?

is a discouraged person who feels Inferior having lost or never developed the courage to meet life tasks.

Technique of change: The pushbutton technique

is a situation in which one can decide and create whatever feelings one wishes. It is about what you decide to think and how you create the emotion. You can push the button and do something else.

Insight

is understanding translated into constructive action. Client understands what is needed - then does it.

encouragement -

is used extensively ( since the pathology is viewed as discouragement). Look for positive ideas to reinforce. Encouragement can almost be thought of as reinforcement even though we are not at that word yet.

Adler focuses on __________ modification rather than __________ modification.

motivation behavior

Adler saw dreams as a

problem-solving activity in as a rehearsal of possible courses of action.

Goal is to ____________ the person about faulty perceptions or "basic mistakes";

re-educate

The Life-style is a system of subjective convictions held by the individual that contain his _____ view and the _____ view.

self world

Dream interpretation -

Adler saw dreams as a problem-solving activity in as a rehearsal of possible courses of action. The dreams have purpose - and also shows how they view life. Dreams are the answers to the questions we don't know how to ask.

___________ is the major defense mechanism to counteract feelings of inferiority.

Compensation Remember what compensation is- the defense mechanism of overly doing what you are insecure about or feel inadequate in. Making up for these things. The child does not act in a logical fashion- just trying to exist and don't think as much as we would think. They do things and find out what happened. Compensation is a way they start adjusting to the world. "Problem-solving devices" is what Adler would say for "compensation".

Explain more about the of releasing a person's social interest so he/she may become a contributor to the creation of a better society. This involves changing faulty social values.

In order to release something, you already have to have it. He is saying all humans have the social ability to contribute to society. "Te release" not "to develop".

4 goals.

Establish and maintain a good relationship. The therapist helps the patient or client take responsibility for their actions and not blame it on others. In essence, they preach that you can learn and unlearn new things. Precursor to behaviorism. You can learn and unlearn behavior. Uncover the dynamics of the client, this lifestyle, his goals, and how they affect his life's movement. Interpretation culminating in insight. reorientation - changed set of attitudes and beliefs - therapist helps client see that change will be in their best interest. The client is required to take a risk which will take them in a new direction - the goals must be realistic in nature. The client must learn to take that which they learn in therapy into the outside world. Interpretation of why they do things, the reorientation is where you look at different things you can do. Taking a risk is courageous, so you need courage in order to take risks. The goal has to be realistic. Transfer what you learn here to the outside world.

How do you look back at how the lifestyle became their map?

Exploring the family constellation, early recollections, personal mythology. Look for a single event rather than a report of a group of events. Then put three to six together to help see how the patient views their life.

Factors necessary (but not sufficient) for effective therapy:

Faith by both therapist and client in the therapeutic process. This means the faith that it will work. Faith here is defined as trust in confidence. Hope, a belief in potential for improvement. Finding a course of action the client did not know existed. This also has to do with a self-fulfilling prophecy. Since the patient is discouraged one needs to offer the client encouragement. With hope the client learns that they are not alone. other people have or are gone through this. Borczono believes hope is the most important thing to instill in a client. Without hope, you are lost. Love or caring of the therapist for the client and genuine commitment to his/her improvement. You must however avoid over support or becoming a victim of the client when a client says you don't care. (we discipline those we love). Love in the fact that the therapist actually cares about their client. Frued does not talk about caring for the client.

What leads to discouragement?

Feelings of inferiority

Adler came from the ______ school and then came to believe that if you are not part of _____, something is wrong.

Freud Society

The lifestyle map

Is evolved to help the individual evaluate, understand and control experience. He often does this through trial and error. He learns at a young age how to act - what gets rewarded. You see kids do trial and error all the time.

The psychological position in the family rather than just the birth order

Is the important factor in the development in one's lifestyle and sense of significance. If the child is rewarded for certain behaviors, they will get self-worth and feel good. If they convince themselves that they will achieve through an endeavor, they will do it in the family which goes out into society. Problems arise because children don't always think logically. They begin to accept judgements to be true because they don't understand the world. Adler calls this "PRIVATE LOGIC"- A REASON WHY PEOPLE MAY DO THINGS IN A SITUATION THAT IS NOT WHAT THE SITUATION CALLS FOR. The athletic child who doesn't think they are athletic.

How do you transform big mistakes into little mistakes in the lifestyle.

Life style is the map. Fix the map. Transform your perception of the mistakes. It is cognitive Behavior will follow.

Technique of change: task setting -

Or assigning practice tasks. For example using a task analysis learning how to do things one step at a time. Part behavioristic, part humanistic, part cognitive.

Examples of a client's "basic mistakes"

Overgeneralization. When you were a kid and at halloween somebody took your candy, therefore ALL halloweens are bad because people take your candy. All bald people are intelligent. Impossible goals of security What do they find that is secure? That which they hold onto that they find security in that is not really secure. A child has a teddy bear and if they teddy sleeps with them, they will be secure. misperceptions of life and life's demands Not seeing the reality of life. They are perceiving it wrong. Denial of one's worth When you deny your worth you have inferiority feelings. Faulty values

True or false: Discrepancies between your self-concept and your self-ideal can create an inferiority complex.

True

True or false: Discrepancies between your self-concept and your view on what the world demands of you can create an inferiority complex.

True

Trur or false: Adler believes everyone is equal (man or woman)

True

Role of the therapists:

a model for the client, to be an authentically caring, sharing person who can reveal him or herself as a real person. The relationship between therapist and client is a crucial element in the potential for change. The therapist here is not like " I am an all knowing doctor and you are shit". The therapist is much more human and not someone on a pedestal.

4 types of a discouraged child and 2 types of children that will most likely fall into these categories

a. Attention getting children are this way and adults are too b. power seeking c. revenge taking d. declaring deficiency or defeat Overly-pampered or neglected. Neglected hey seek attention. Overly-pampered is becoming entitled.

What things make up the lifestyle map?

the family constellation, early recollections, personal mythology.

Ethical convictions -

the personal "right - wrong" code.

Technique of change: acting "As if"

they could do what they want.

Technique of change: Creating images

to see oneself differently.