Adolescence Chapter 8
Jonathan, age 16, has a secure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Jonathan should have
a high capacity for intimacy
emotional autonmony
the capacity to relinquish childlike dependence on parents
reciprocal socialization
the process by which children and adolescents socialize parents, just as parents socialize them
Recent research regarding father involvement in adolescent development has indicated
time with dad is positively related to social skill
Eli has an insecure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Eli's attachment situation makes him more likely to experience
depression
Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that secure attachment of adolescents to their parents can
All of these choices are correct
Which of the following statements about insecure attachment is NOT true?
Insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy
Research shows that which of the following statements about adoptive children and adolescents is TRUE?
The earlier adoption occurred, the fewer the problems the adoptees had
A teen from an intact family with high level of marital conflict are at an increased risk for
risky sexual behaviors
Kathy has one son, Mitchell. Six years after her divorce, Kathy marries Dan. Dan has never been married before and has no children. Kathy, Mitchell, and Dan make up what kind of family?
stepfather
Which of the following statements about authoritative parents is NOT true?
Their children are less receptive to parental influences than other styles of parenting
Which of the following statements concerning ethnic and cultural differences among families is NOT true?
There are very few differences between ethnic minority families and non Latino White families
Jasmine's parents undermine each other when it comes to the discipline of their children. All of the children know that if Mom says, "No," they just have to ask Dad, and they will get what they want. Jasmine's father frequently refers to her mother as "the wimp," and the children know that their father has no respect for their mother. This type of parenting is likely to result in children who are
at developmental risk
insecure attachment
attachment pattern in which infants, children, and adolescents either avoid the caregiver or show considerable resistance or ambivalence toward the caregiver. this pattern is theorized to be related to difficulties in relationships and problems in later development
Which of the following statements regarding adolescents and their fathers is TRUE?
U.S. adolescents spend more time with their mothers than their fathers
Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is NOT true
When siblings talk, the main focus is on their relationship with their parents
authoritarian parenting
a restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the adolescent to follow the parent's direction and to respect work and effort. Firm limits and controls are placed on the adolescent, and little verbal exchange is allowed. this style is associated with adolescents' socially incompetent behavior
indulgent parenting
a style in which parents are highly involved with their adolescents but place few demands or controls on them. this is associated with adolescents' social incompetence, especially a lack of self control
Research has shown that an only child is usually
achievement oriented
Sherry and Jason have two children each from previous marriages. When they marry, they create a
blended family
Before Justin's father remarried, Justin was responsible for mowing the grass, putting the dishes in the dishwasher, and doing his own laundry. Now that Kim has married into the family, Justin is not sure which of his responsibilities he should continue to do. Justin is experiencing
boundary ambiguity
Heidi, age 23, is an emerging adult whose parents divorced when she was 12. Heidi admits that she has some emotional scarring from the divorce. According to Hetherington's research, Heidi is likely to be
clinically depressed
Which of the following is an example of an adult developmental trajectory
cohabitation
Toby's mother, Jill, works as a nanny and housekeeper to an extremely demanding family. The mother in the family is a lawyer who never comes home on time and the father, a stockbroker, won't allow Jill to leave the children until his wife comes home. Consequently, Jill comes home late, exhausted, and irritable. Toby is more likely than his peers whose lives are less stressed to
all of these choices are correct
Which of the following benefits have researchers found to be associated with secure attachment in emerging adulthood?
all of these choices are correct
Which of the following characteristics is involved in sibling relationships?
all of these choices are correct
Which of the following factors have researchers determined is important in influencing adolescents' behavior?
all of these choices are correct
Which of the following statements about parenting is TRUE?
all of these choices are correct
which of the following benefits have researchers found to be associated with secure attachment in emerging adulthood? -positive romantic relationships -less sleep problems -emotional control -all of these choices are correct
all of these choices are correct
dismissing/avoidant attachment
an insecure attachment category in which individuals deemphasize the importance of attachment. this category is associated with consistent experiences of rejection of attachment needs by caregivers
multiple developmental trajectories
concept that adults follow one trajectory and children and adolescents another one; how these trajectories mesh is important
The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggests that _____, while the new model suggests that _____ -parent-adolescent conflict is moderate; parent-adolescent conflict is intense -as adolescents mature, they move towards their parents for continued support; as they mature, adolescents detach themselves from parents - conflict between parents and adolescents is intense; conflict between parents and adolescents is moderate -parents serve as support systems that allow adolescents to explore a more complex social world; parents are invested in keeping adolescents as close to home as possible
conflict between parents and adolescents is intense; conflict between parents and adolescents is moderate
The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggests that _____, while the new model suggests that _____.
conflict between parents and adolescents is intense; conflict between parents and adolescents is moderate
Which of the following, according to research, is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the peak of pubertal growth?
conflict with parents
Which of the following, according to research, is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the peak of pubertal growth? -moving towards independence -conflict with peers -conflict with parents -changes in schooling
conflict with parents
mesosystem
consists of links between microsystems, such as the connection between family processes and peer relations
Which of the following is NOT a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship?
decreased idealistic thought
Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT -Increased risk of adolescent depression. -Increased risk of substance use during adolescence. -increased likelihood of sexual risk-taking behaviors among Iranian teens. -Decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school.
decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school
Penny's parents are still married but they have a high degree of marital conflict. According to research, Penny is more likely than her peers whose parents are happily married to
develop emotional problems
Yasmine's parents are inconsistently available to her. When she tries to get close to them and they don't have time for her, she becomes angry. Yasmine has a(n) ________ attachment to her parents
preoccupied/ambivalent
Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as
reciprocal
Recent research has found that insecure attachment of one or both partners places couples at risk for
relationship problems
Caitlin, age 17, wants to move out of her home and move in with her 20-year-old friend, Liza. Caitlin's parents have gradually allowed her to have a car and a part-time job and to make her own decisions about her activities, but they forbid her to move out at this time. No matter how hard Caitlin pushes, her parents remain firm. This example illustrates
relinquishing control in areas where the adolescent can make mature decisions
Myra, age 9 months, crawls away from her mother while visiting a friend's home. Myra periodically looks back to see that her mother is there and then ventures out a little further into the new environment. According to attachment theorists, Myra is displaying
secure attachment
Myra, age 9 months, crawls away from her mother while visiting a friend's home. Myra periodically looks back to see that her mother is there and then ventures out a little further into the new environment. According to attachment theorists, Myra is displaying -secure attachment -resistant attachment -ambivalent attachment -anxious attachment
secure attachment
Which of the following is NOT one of the insecure attachment categories on the Adult Attachment Interview?
secure-autonomous attachment
The majority of adults describe their attachment styles as
securely attached
microsystem
setting in which the individual lives
According to attachment theorists, secure attachment in infancy is linked to adolescents' development of
social competence
Research suggests all of the following are possible consequences of divorce EXCEPT that
the majority of adolescents and emerging adults have significant adjustments if their parents divorced
Which of the following statements about birth order is TRUE?
Birth order shows a limited capacity to predict adolescent behavior
Which of the following statements about custody arrangements in divorced families is NOT true?
Boys adjust better in mother-custody families
Which statement is TRUE regarding the effect of parental unemployment on adolescent health?
Father's unemployment is negative related to adolescent health
Which of the following statements regarding parents as managers is NOT true? -Family management practices are positively related to students' grades. - Fathers are more likely than mothers to have a managerial role in parenting. -Family management practices are negatively related to school problems. -Mothers are more likely than fathers to have a managerial role in parenting.
Fathers are more likely than mothers to have a managerial role in parenting
neglectful parenting
a style in which the parent is very uninvolved in the adolescent's life. it is associated with adolescents' social incompetence, especially a lack of self control
Annie's mother tells her to change her shorts because they are too tight. Annie wants to know why she should have to change her outfit and says, "Everybody wears their shorts this way." Annie is most likely in which developmental stage?
adolescence
Many studies that assess secure and insecure attachment in adolescence use the
adult attachment interview (AAI)
Research has shown that adolescents who have a dismissing/avoidant attachment to their parents may display
aggression
According to research, which of the following statements about divorce among parents of adolescents is TRUE?
all of these choices are correct
Brett, age 14, has a positive relationship with his parents. As a baby, he formed a secure attachment. According to research, Brett probably has
all of these choices are correct
Don is an African American teen who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his parents. Don's father works two jobs to provide for his family but he always has time to listen to Don, and their weekly "burger and bowling" night is something that they both enjoy. According to research, Don is more likely than his counterparts who do not have a close relationship with their fathers to
all of these choices are correct
Recent research has shown that which of the following factors is likely to affect how ethnic minority families deal with stress?
all of these choices are correct
Ricardo's parents use a co-parenting model whereby they show parental solidarity and cooperation. As a result Ricardo is likely to have
all of these choices are correct
preoccupied/ambivalent attachment
an insecure attachment category in which adolescents are hyperattuned to attachment experiences. this is thought mainly to occur bc parents are inconsistently available to the adolescent
unresolved/disorganized attachment
an insecure category in which the adolescent has an unusually high level of fear and is disoriented. this can result from traumatic experiences such as a parent's death or abuse by parents
The term "latchkey children" refers to those children who
are unsupervised from after school until their parents return from work
Which of the following is NOT associated with runaway teens?
being from a low SES family
The three types of stepfamilies are stepfather, stepmother, and
blended
macrosystem
culture in which the adolescent lives, such as an ethnic group or nation
Cognitive changes in adolescence that contribute to change in parent-adolescent relationships include all of the following EXCEPT
decreased cognitive sophistication
Which of the following is NOT one of the parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind?
incompetent
Recent longitudinal studies on the effects of sibling conflict found that increased sibling conflict was linked to all of the following EXCEPT
increased peer competence
Indulgent parenting has been associated with _____ in adolescents
lack of self control
Intense parent-adolescent conflict is related to all of the following EXCEPT
more empathy
Which of the following is NOT a trend in cultural change in families around the world?
more families migrating to rural areas
Ben, age 14, is close to his older brother Sam, who is 16. According to research, Sam will be
more of a socializing agent for Ben than his peers
Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life. She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents. Delaney's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
neglectful
The most important factor to consider when examining the effect that parental employment has on adolescent development is
parental satisfaction with work
Research has found that the result of authoritarian parenting is often adolescents who are
socially incompetent
chronosystem
sociohistorical circumstances, such as the increased numbers of working mothers, divorced parents, stepparent families, gay and lesbian parents, and multiethnic families in the U.S in recent decades
Chris gained custody of his three biological children after his divorce. After three years, he married Jennifer who had no children from her previous marriage. Chris and Jennifer's new family is a
stepmother family
Eva, age 15, insists that she is going to spend her summer vacation with her best friend at the lake house owned by the friend's family. Eva does not want to go on the vacation that her family has planned and says that they can't make her. Her parents should understand that Eva is
A or B
Jeremy is a dad to an adolescent boy and girl. If Jeremy is like most dads of adolescent children, he will
Be concerned with the intellectual development of his son
Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT
Decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school
Which of the following statements about adolescent runaways is NOT true?
Running away is usually an impulsive decision
authoritative parenting
a style encouraging adolescents to be independent but still placing limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal give and take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturant toward the adolescent. this style is associated with adolescents' socially competent behavior
The type of insecure attachment in which the adolescent and the parent may mutually distance themselves from each other is
dismissing/avoidant attachment
Elise's parents give her information on an upcoming college fair and talk to her about her potential career choices. Elise's parents are acting as
managers
Supervising adolescents' friends, activities, and academic efforts is known as
monitoring
Adolescents are most likely to have conflict with their
mothers
Which of the following statements regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting is NOT true? -Happily married parents are more sensitive towards their children and adolescents -When parents have more intimacy in their marriage, they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents. -Marriage enhancement programs improve parenting. -Marital satisfaction is often related to good parenting.
when parents have more intimacy in their marriage, they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents
exosystem
which consists of influences from another setting (such as parents' work) that the adolescent does not experience directly
What percentage of emerging adults studied whose parents divorced had emotional problems?
20 percent
Eva, age 15, insists that she is going to spend her summer vacation with her best friend at the lake house owned by the friend's family. Eva does not want to go on the vacation that her family has planned and says that they can't make her. Her parents should understand that Eva is -challenging her parents' authority. -asserting her autonomy. -closer to her friends' parents than her own parents -A or B
A or B
Which of the following statements about disengagement from parents is TRUE?
About 10 percent of adolescents from nondivorced families become disengaged
Regarding the effects of open vs. closed adoptions, most research supports the finding that
Adoptive parents were more satisfied with open adoptions
Which of the following statements about insecure attachment and relationships is NOT true?
Adults have a very limited capacity to change their attachment thinking and behavior
Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to have a positive relationship with a sibling?
Colleen, who shares an easy temperament with her brother
Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?
Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence
Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' disclosure to parents about their activities is TRUE?
Disclosure is linked to positive adolescent adjustment
Parental monitoring has all of the following affects EXCEPT
Increased likelihood of attending religious services
Which of the following statements about later-born children is NOT true?
Later-borns usually enjoy poorer peer relations than firstborns
The two ethnic groups that tend to place the largest emphasis on family duty and obligation are Asian Americans and
Latinos
Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true?
Male students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do female students
Suki is a Japanese adolescent living in the United States. Which of the following is probably TRUE of Suki?
She will not seek autonomy from her parents as early as her non Latino White counterparts
Which of the following statements regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting is NOT true
When parents have more intimacy in their marriage, they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents
Helena is the first-born child in her family. According to research on birth order, Helena is likely to be
achieving
Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?
all of these are good advice
Adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families are more likely than those whose parents did not divorce to do which of the following?
all of these choices are correct
Socioemotional changes that affect parent-adolescent relationships include
all of these choices are correct
Michael's parents never discuss their rules. If he asks for an explanation, they answer, "Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting -neglectful -indulgent -authoritative -authoritarian
authoritarian
Michael's parents never discuss their rules. If he asks for an explanation, they answer, "Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting?
authoritarian
Maureen's parents have clear, reasonable rules, which they communicate and enforce. They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings. Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
authoritative
Cody has tried for years to get close to his parents, but now at age 16, he has decided that the effort is not worth it. At this point, he basically shares a living space with them with very little interaction. This is an example of which type of attachment?
dismissing/avoidant
According to research, when Kahlid, age 14, begins to question his parents' authority and resist their standards, his parents may
do any of these
The ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is called
emotional autonomy
Judy Dunn has described three important characteristics of sibling relationships: familiarity and intimacy of the relationship, variation in sibling relationships, and
emotional quality of the relationship
The transition from high school to college is especially difficult for adolescents who
have parents that are divorced or separated
The transition from high school to college is especially difficult for adolescents who - have parents that are divorced or separated -continue to live at home and commute to college -move more than 100 miles away from home to go to college. -are only children.
have parents that are divorced or separated
Jeremy's parents have divorced. If Jeremy's situation is typical of many divorced families, he can expect that
his mother will have less money than when she was married
Bianca's parents fight constantly. As a result, they ignore her. Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends. Bianca's parents' conflict is having a(n) _____ effect on her behavior.
indirect
Two countries where parent-adolescent conflict is lower than in the United States are India and
japan
Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to
lack self control
Which of the following adoption applicants would probably be disqualified today
none of these choices are correct
Gina, age 22, is securely attached to her parents. Recent research on attachment and the emerging adult would suggest that Gina should have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
poor coping skills under stress
Gina, age 22, is securely attached to her parents. Recent research on attachment and the emerging adult would suggest that Gina should have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT -poor coping skills under stress -emotional control -more satisfied relationships -longer lasting relationships
poor coping skills under stress
Greg, age 23, moves back home with his parents in order to save money to buy a house. If Greg and his parents are like many families that experience this "boomerang" phenomenon, Greg will complain that his parents
restrict his independence
Research has shown that parents favoring one sibling over another is linked to
sadness and lower self-esteem in the less-favored sibling
Family organization and routine has been shown to be positively related to all of the following factors EXCEPT
school related problems
A recent study revealed that adolescent girls with divorced parents were especially vulnerable to
suicide
Parents of adopted children have the additional challenges of
supporting the adolescent's search for identity and self
Ruth Chao argues that Asian-American parents are more likely to use the parenting style of ______, rather than authoritarian parenting
training
boundary ambiguity
uncertainty in stepfamilies about who is in or out of the family and who is performing or responsible for certain tasks in the family system
The attachment type that is most associated with traumatic experiences is
unresolved/disorganized
The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was
warm and controlling
What percentage of emerging adults studied whose parents divorced had emotional problems? -15 percent -30 percent -20 percent -25 percent
20 percent
In a study on the effects of divorce on children conducted by Hetherington and colleagues, what percentage of the children from divorced families were found to have emotional problems?
25 percent
It is likely that what percentage of children born to married parents will experience their parents' divorce?
40 percent
Which of the following teens is most likely to run away from home?
All of these teens are likely to run away from home
Which of the following statements regarding autonomy in adolescence is NOT true?
Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in Latinos
Which of the following statements regarding parents as managers is NOT true?
Fathers are more likely than mothers to have a managerial role in parenting
Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is TRUE?
Females have an especially important role in connecting family relationships across generations
Which of the following statements about the timing for beginning parenthood has been found to be TRUE? A. Parents who delayed childbearing have less egalitarian relationships with their adolescents than parents who had children earlier in life.
The number of adolescent pregnancies increased considerably in the 1970s and 1980s
Marcia and John's 25-year-old daughter, Serena, moves back in with them after graduate school. She cannot find a job in her field and works part-time as a waitress while searching for jobs. If Marcia and John are like many parents whose emerging adult children move back home with them, they will
experience a disequilibrium in the family
Lori and her parents frequently have conflict over the amount of time she spends talking on the phone to her friends. Carl's parents nag him about how much time he spends text messaging his buddies. Both Lori and Carl are experiencing conflicts with their parents that are
fairly typical of the issues that lead adolescents and their parents to be in conflict
Bryan's parents give him anything he wants and do not expect anything from him. They tried to involve him in family chores, but he just ignored them. Bryan's parents are using which of Diana Baurind's parenting styles?
indulgent
Which of the following statements about insecure attachment is NOT true? - Insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy. -Infants may show ambivalence towards the caregiver in insecure attachment situations. -Insecure attachment has been theorized to be related to later relationship difficulties. -Infants avoid the caregiver in insecure attachment situations.
insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy
secure attachment
involves a positive, enduring emotional bond between two people. in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, formation of a secure bond with a caregiver benefits the child's exploration of the environment and subsequent development. in adulthood, the bond can also be between two people in a couple or marital relationship
Lily calls her son Mark, age 22, at least three times each day. She says she's just "checking in" to see that he ate lunch and that he's studying for his exams in graduate school. Lily is engaged in
perma parenting