Adolescent Psychology exam 3

All of the following statements accurately reflect research on adolescent-siblings relationships, except

adolescent- sibling relationships are characterized by a large increase in sibling rivalry.

Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting?

by displaying psychosocial maturity, leading parents to encourage further development of maturity.

During the 1920s, the _____ was designed to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people

comprehensive high school

Ethnic difference in parenting practices suggest that:

even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups.

Prior to the early twentieth century, high schools were designed

for elite youngsters.

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that

Most adolescents appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents.

It is important to be cautious against trying to determine the relationship between family characteristics and adolescent development because:

Parents and adolescents reciprocally influence each other.

Adolescents often judge keeping one's room clean and tile of dress as __________, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as___________.

Personal; Conventional

Stan's parents both work long hours. They are concerned that he doesn't have enough interaction with adults. If they want him to be exposed to positive interactions with adult role models, which of the following activities should they not encourage him to do

get a job at the local music store

When siblings are treated differently yet positively by parents, research shows that they are likely to:

get along better because they feel unique.

Which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is true?

social support from relatives had been found to buffer the effects of living in a single parent household.

Debbie is moving from elementary school into middle school. We would expect her to experience declines in all of the following, except her

standardized test scores

The extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work is called:

student engagement.

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities

Researchers have observed that some students who work a large amount often develop strategies for protecting their grades, which include all of the following, except

taking more challenging courses.

All of the following changes in school environment when moving from elementary school to middle school or junior high school have been noted in research, except that

teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities

Kerry and Kristie's teacher accidentally got their test scores mixed up and mistakenly thought that Kerry was the more intelligent of the two girls. At the end of the year, her records demonstrated that, indeed, Kerry had gained more and performed at a higher level than Kristie. This is best thought of as an example of:

the self-fulfilling prophecy.

How is intensive employment (working more than 20 hours per week) related to adolescent problem behavior?

it places adolescents at an increased risk for cigarette, alcohol, and drug use

Mrs. Denny wants to provide the best educational opportunities for all of the students in her high school. As school principal, she should

keep remedial classes small, but not worry if other classes have as many as 40 students.

Based on the textbook, which of the following statements is not an accurate description of most other industrialized nations?

postsecondary education systems are composed of a wide variety of public and private two- and four-year institutions, some emphasizing a liberal arts education and others focusing more on technical, vocational, and pre-professional training

What factors would explain the fact that Dorthy and Rose, sisters who are only 1 year apart in age, have different memories of their family life as they were growing up?

nonshared environment

The popular notion of a generation gap has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to

personal taste

Experts agree that the ideal size of a school for adolescents is between

600 and 900 students

What is the relationship between total hours of employment per week and disengagement from school?

Adolescents who work long hours (20-plus hours weekly) are less engaged in school than those who work fewer hours.

What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the early 2000s?

Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significant increase in time devoted to leisure activities.

How does an American student's use of free time compare to students in other countries?

An American high school student spends less than 5 hours per week on homework, whereas adolescents in India, Taiwan, and Japan spend between 4 and 5 hours per day on homework.

Which of the following statements is true

As school size increases, academic achievement decreases

Generally speaking, why are part-time jobs less common in European countries?

As the school day lasts well into the late afternoon, the scheduling of part-time jobs in most European countries is not well suited to the daily routines of students.

Josuha's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

Authoritative

According to the textbook, why do private school students academically outperform students at public schools?

Because of the characteristics of the students who attend private schools.

which statement concerning parent- adolescent conflict is false?

Ethnic minority adolescents are more likely than non minority adolescents to experience conflict with their parents.

Which of the following is an accurate description of European countries' school systems?

European countries separate students into college and non-college-bound tracks early in adolescence.

Given that the working teenager earns approximately $400 each month, in what way does this translate into increased knowledge for budgeting, saving, and using money?

Few teenagers exercise a great deal of responsibility in managing their own wages.

The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased over the past two decades. Which of the following is not an explanation for this?

Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission.

Which of the following statements about adolescents' social communication on the Internet is most supported by scientific research?

Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet.

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

May also be experiencing identity crises of their own.

Which child would be expected to have the most conflict with his parents?

Robert, a 13 year old

Sarah is an excellent writer, but her younger sister Jane has always hated writing classes and instead has focused on developing gymnastics abilities. Sarah readily expresses disdain for gymnastics, so the girls feel that they are different enough to avoid direct competition. One explanation for this type of siblings behavior is called:

Sibling deidentification

According to behavioral geneticist, siblings are actually quite different from each other. Which of the following had not been used to explain this difference?

Siblings go through the pubertal transition as different times.

Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the :

Sleeper effect of divorce.

What is a scientifically valid concern regarding adolescents' media use?

The amount of time adolescents spend watching TV and playing video games is inversely linked to the amount of time they spend in physical activity, which can have detrimental effects on adolescents' physical health.

The text states that ___________ is/are the most critical influence on adolescents adjustment.

The quality of their relationships at home.

According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development?

The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on many factors, including the nature of the job, the number of hours worked each week, and the aspect of development studied.

The Media Practice Model of how media impacts adolescent development suggests that:

adolescents' preferences and their media exposure are reciprocal and influence each other.

The comprehensive high school was implemented in order to

allow adolescents to learn skills that would prepare youth for life in modern society

Which one of the following is not consistent with findings on the transition from elementary to middle school?

along with a decline in grades, students' standardized test scores also decline

Overall, teenagers are least likely to comment that their jobs

are dreary.

Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following expect.

asserting parental authority by Turning adolescents personal decisions into moral issues.

Ms. Willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. What type of teaching style is this characteristic of?

authoritative

Which of the following statements is most true of minority families and parenting styles?

because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, authoritarian parenting may actually be beneficial for these adolescents.

All of the following are factors associated with higher performance of students as a result of the social capital in Catholic schools relative to other schools, except

better use of academic tracking.

Which of the following is not a factor that moved children out of the workplace?

discrimination against young workers

One study described in the textbook indicated that, among Black and Latino students, transitioning to a school where the proportion of students from the same ethnic background is lower than it had been at their previous school is associated with all of the following except:

greater engagement in school

Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spurious causation, which means that

he correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor.

Research assessing the effects of stepfamilies on children's adjustment suggests that over time:

if remarriage lasts, gender differences in adjustment disappear.

Research suggests that creating "schools within schools" in larger high schools is associated with all except which of the following?

improving students' mental and physical health outcomes

One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that

it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.

The best explanation for differences between the United States and other industrialized nations regarding teenage employment is

in most other industrialized countries the employment of children is associated with being poor, unlike in America where there is no stigma against teen employment.

Which one of the following did not contribute to the significant increase in the amount of free time available to adolescents in the first half of the twentieth century?

increased intellectual abilities allowed students to finish schoolwork faster

Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity would be associated with all but which of the following outcomes?

increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

All of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United States, except:

industrialization.

Amalia is most likely to be adversely affected by her parents divorce if:

she blames herself for her parents problems

In response to widespread disappointment over the state of public education in America, increasing numbers of parents explored charter schools, government-subsidized school vouchers, and schools run by private corporations. Research comparing traditional public education to these alternatives suggests

that such research findings are inconclusive, in that it is probably what takes place within a school that is most important, rather than the nature of funding and oversight

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientist regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

the adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in the single parent household.

The factor that seems most important in influencing how well children adjust to divorce over time is:

the degree of conflict between parents.

As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that:

their problematic relationship has existed since Alex's childhood.