Adolescent Psychology FINAL

All of the following statements accurately reflect research on adolescent-sibling relationships, except:

adolescent-sibling relationships are characterized by a large increase in sibling rivalry

Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except:

asserting parental authority by turning adolescents' personal decisions into moral issues.

Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting?

by displaying psychosocial maturity, leading parents to encourage further development of maturity

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups

Prior to the early twentieth century, high schools were designed:

for elite youngsters

When siblings are treated differently yet positively by parents, research shows that they are likely to:

get along better because they feel unique

Amalia is most likely to be adversely affected by her parents' divorce if:

she blames herself for her parents' problems.

Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the:

sleeper effect of divorce.

Debbie is moving from elementary school into middle school. We would expect her to experience declines in all of the following, except her

standardized test scores

The extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work is called:

student engagement

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that:

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities

All of the following changes in school environment when moving from elementary school to middle school or junior high school have been noted in research, except that

teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities

Kerry and Kristie's teacher accidentally got their test scores mixed up and mistakenly thought that Kerry was the more intelligent of the two girls. At the end of the year, her records demonstrated that, indeed, Kerry had gained more and performed at a higher level than Kristie. This is best thought of as an example of:

the self-fulfilling prophecy

Mrs. Denny wants to provide the best educational opportunities for all of the students in her high school. As school principal, she should:

keep remedial classes small, but not worry if other classes have as many as 40 students.

Based on the textbook, which of the following statements is not an accurate description of most other industrialized nations?

postsecondary education systems are composed of a wide variety of public and private two- and four-year institutions, some emphasizing a liberal arts education and others focusing more on technical, vocational, and pre-professional training

What factors would explain the fact that Dorothy and Rose, sisters who are only 1 year apart in age, have different memories of their family life as they were growing up?

non-shared environment

It is important to be cautious against trying to determine the relationship between family characteristics and adolescent development because:

parents and adolescents reciprocally influence each other.

The popular notion of a generation gap has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to:

personal taste

Adolescents often judge keeping one's room clean and style of dress as _____, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as _____.

personal; conventional

Experts agree that the ideal size of a school for adolescents is between:

600 and 900 students.

Sarah is an excellent writer, but her younger sister Jane has always hated writing classes and instead has focused on developing gymnastic abilities. Sarah readily expresses disdain for gymnastics, so the girls feel that they are different enough to avoid direct competition. One explanation for this type of sibling behavior is called

A) sibling deidentification

How does an American student's use of free time compare to students in other countries?

An American high school student spends less than 5 hours per week on homework, whereas adolescents in India, Taiwan, and Japan spend between 4 and 5 hours per day on homework

Which of the following statements is true?

As school size increases, academic achievement decreases

According to the textbook, why do private school students academically outperform students at public schools?

Because of the characteristics of the students who attend private schools.

Which statement concerning parent-adolescent conflict is false?

Ethnic minority adolescents are more likely than nonminority adolescents to experience conflict with their parents

Which of the following is an accurate description of European countries' school systems?

European countries separate students into college and non-college-bound tracks early in adolescence

Which child would be expected to have the most conflict with his parents?

Robert, a 13-year-old

According to behavioral geneticists, siblings are actually quite different from each other

Siblings go through the pubertal transition at different times

Which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is true?

Social support from relatives has been found to buffer the effects of living in a single-parent household.

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household.

The comprehensive high school was implemented in order to:

allow adolescents to learn skills that would prepare youth for life in modern society

Which one of the following is not consistent with findings on the transition from elementary to middle school?

along with a decline in grades, students' standardized test scores also decline

Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

authoritative

Ms. Willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. What type of teaching style is this characteristic of?

authoritative

Which of the following statements is most true of minority families and parenting styles?

because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, authoritarian parenting may actually be beneficial for these adolescents

All of the following are factors associated with higher performance of students as a result of the social capital in Catholic schools relative to other schools, except:

better use of academic tracking

During the 1920s, the _____ was designed to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people

comprehensive high school

Which of the following is not a factor that moved children out of the workplace?

discrimination against young workers

One study described in the textbook indicated that, among Black and Latino students, transitioning to a school where the proportion of students from the same ethnic background is lower than it had been at their previous school is associated with all of the following except:

greater engagement in school

Research assessing the effects of stepfamilies on children's adjustment suggests that over time:

if the remarriage lasts, gender differences in adjustment disappear.

Research suggests that creating "schools within schools" in larger high schools is associated with all except which of the following?

improving students' mental and physical health outcomes

Which one of the following did not contribute to the significant increase in the amount of free time available to adolescents in the first half of the twentieth century?

increased intellectual abilities allowed students to finish schoolwork faster

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

may also be experiencing identity crises of their own.

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that:

most adolescents appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents

In response to widespread disappointment over the state of public education in America, increasing numbers of parents explored charter schools, government-subsidized school vouchers, and schools run by private corporations. Research comparing traditional public education to these alternatives suggests

that such research findings are inconclusive, in that it is probably what takes place within a school that is most important, rather than the nature of funding and oversight

The factor that seems most important in influencing how well children adjust to divorce over time is:

the degree of conflict between parents

The text states that _________ is/are the most critical influence on adolescents' adjustment

the quality of their relationships at home

As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that:

their problematic relationship has existed since Alex's childhood.