Adult health 2 Exam 1

A 77-year-old client presents to the local community center for a blood pressure (BP) screening; BP is recorded as 180/90 mm Hg. The client has a history of hypertension but currently is not taking the prescribed medications. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask the client first?

"Can you tell me the reasons you aren't taking your medications?"

Beta Blockers

-olol: slow HR, decrease vasoconstriction, decrease O2 consumption. Used in: HF, HTN, HR control, angina, migraine. AE: HF, bronchospasm, dizzy, constipation, suppresses hypoglycemia indicators. Contra: asthma, bradycardia, SSS. Nursing: check HR before giving. Teach: take med at bedtime, do not stop abruptly. Propranolol=essential tremors, Parkinsons

A nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. What will the nurse specify about this client's target blood pressure?

130/80 or lower

mean arterial pressure

2(DBP) + SBP / 3

What is the therapeutic range for theophylline

5-15 mcg/mL

What is extensive small lung cancer?

Cancer that has metastasized and spread

Systole

Contraction of the heart

What are some cardiac biomarkers

Creatinine kinase, CK-MB, myoglobin, troponin

What are mast cell stabilizers and what do they do

Cromolyn and Nedocromil; Helps prevent the early phase response of bronchospasm and further inflammatory changes it is a long term administration can prevent and reduce bronchial hyper reactivity and the good thing is it has a wide margin of safety and few side effects

Theophylline

Decreases mucosal Adema and relax is bronchial smooth muscles

What is an indication of a bacterial infection

Erythema greenish yellow exudate and odor

What is an indication of a fungal infection

Erythema, white coating exudate

A client is being seen at the clinic for a routine physical when the nurse notes the client's blood pressure is 150/97. The client is considered to be a healthy, well-nourished young adult. What type of hypertension does this client have?

Essential (primary)

Azitrhomycin

Find to 50 as subunit affect till ribosomes and it blocks protein synthesis bacteriostatic or bacterial Seidel depends on the concentration some side effects are fatigue headache chest pain palpitations and important teaching point avoid sunlight use sunscreen report vomiting and children immediately, Take with food and don't stop taking without talking to provider

What can pneumonia be caused by?

Fungus, bacteria, viruses

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide

What are the important medications for Lymphatics

Furosemideto prevent fluid overload and anabiotic's

What is so important to do with patients a few hours after surgery?

Get patient up and moving! In order to prevent atelectasis

Does it make side effect of nitroglycerin

Headaches

What do you need to do before giving a beta blocker example metoprolol or propanol

I need to get in apical pulse rate in a blood pressure reading

Where is the nursing management's for atelectasis

Incentives barometer he cough and deep breathing oral care head of bed elevated and most importantly get the patient up and moving in order to prevent atelectasis

What is the immunodulatory omalizumab

It helps bind to IGE receptors that prevent the Allergan from activating those mast cells which are responsible for the inflammatory process side effects are allergic reactions at the same

What is tuberculosis?

It is an inhaled bacilli enter upper airway the air droplets an implant into the Alveolus

What percentage tells us the heart is not pumping sufficiently

Less than 55%

Which of the following medications are classified as leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors)? Select all that apply

Montelukast Zafirlukast Zileuton

The nurse is preparing to assess and immobilize client with active TB the nurse should wear which items when performing this care

N 95 fitted gown gloves and protective eyewear

When the nurse and let a client with a nasal fracture the nurse must first assessed for what type of injury

Neck or cervical spine injury

Ejection Fracture (EF)

Percentage of the end diastole blood volume ejected from the ventricles with each heart the

A client is brought to the emergency department with reports of a bad headache and an increase in blood pressure. The blood pressure reading obtained by the nurse is 260/180 mm Hg. What is the therapeutic goal for reduction of the mean blood pressure?

Reduce the blood pressure by 20% to 25% within the first hour of treatment.

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

What is a Lobectomy?

Removal of one lung

The client is to be a six month course of therapy with isoniazid the nurse should plan to teach a client take which action

Report yellow eyes or skin immediately

The nearest plans care for client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease knowing that the client is most likely to experience what type of acid-based imbalance

Respiratory acidosis

What is an example of a long acting beta two antagonist

Salmeterol

Most effective medication for a coronary artery disease patients

Statins these are given at night because the onset of action is when the body is making cholesterol

Emergency department nurses in meeting a client with an acute episode of epistasis what should the nurse to first

Super clean and high Fowlers position leaning them slightly forward and instruct them to pinch the at the bridge of the nose continuously

A tpa is used when?

There is a severe obstructed DVT

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client with a blood pressure of 146/88 mm Hg. The client states that lifestyle changes have not been effective in lowering blood pressure. Which medication classification does the nurse anticipate first?

Thiazides diuretic

True or false lungs are a sterile field?

True

How to treat a viral infection

You treat the symptoms and non-pharm treatment as viruses are self-limited there for people should not be on an anabiotic for a virus

What do statins do?

lower cholesterol And LDL and increase HDL

Diuretics

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body

What does epistaxis mean?

nose bleed

The nurse is instructing a student on the proper technique for measuring blood pressure (BP). Which student action indicates a need for further teaching?

positions the arm at waist level

What does heparin do?

prevents blood clotting

Heparin antidote

protamine sulfate

What is a pneumonectomy?

removal of an entire lung

The classification of stage III of COPD is defined as

severe COPD

lymphedema

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

What are some side effects of albuterol

tachycardia, tremors, nervousness

stroke volume

the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat

ACE inhibitors

-pril, Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin two because there is a back up of bradykinin and a common symptom is chronic cough

What is pneumonia?

An acute inflammation/infection of the lung

What is asthma?

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that causes hyper responsiveness mucosal Adema and mucus production

cardiac output

The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute.

What do you leukotriene modifiers montelukast and zafirlukast

They block the inflammation in the lungs

What do you thrombolytics do

They break up already existing clots they don't prevent clots

What do you short acting anti-cholinergics (SAMA)

They completely inhibit cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle block aCH which is normally constrict bronchial smooth muscle

Warfarin antidote

Vitamin K

elevated blood pressure

120-129/<80

How long is treatment for tuberculosis

6 to 12 months

Well I chemosis behind the ear is identified as what sign and greater concern for a brain injury

Battle

arterial ulcers

Intermittent clarification pain, no Adema, no pulse, round smooth sores, black eschar

metoprolol (beta blocker)

Works on the pump, decreasing heart rate, contraction fourth, and electrical impulse rate

What does/doesn't indicate a tb infection on a tb mantoux tb ppd test ?

A positive (Red) reaction to the ppd tb Test does not indicate a dormant/active infection. A wheel or bubble (induration) at injection >5mm indicates a positive tb Test, not erythema

An older adult client visits the clinic for a blood pressure check. The client's hypertension is not well controlled, and a new blood pressure medicine is prescribed. What is important for the nurse to teach this client about blood pressure medicine?

A possible adverse effect of blood pressure medicine is dizziness when you stand.

metabolic syndrome

A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.

acute coronary syndrome

A term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.

The nurse is evaluating the types of medications prescribed for a client's hypertension. Which of the following medication classifications establishes an action on vasoconstrictive hormones in the blood stream?

ACE inhibitor

What is emphysema?

Abnormal distention of air space is beyond the terminal bronchioles with a distraction of the walls of the Alveoli , decreased alveolar surface area increases in dead space which leads to impaired oxygen diffusion

What number ideal for mean arterial pressure

Above 60

Venous leg ulcers

Aching, heavy pain swelling in lower extremity common on medial or lateral malleolus and are typically large superficial and exudative

What is tracheobronchitis?

Acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways

What is pneumonia?

Acute inflammation/infection of the lung

How can we diagnose and categorized a myocardial infarction

Based on ECG changes and analysis of cardiac biomarkers

What do short acting nitrates do in angina

They increased her oxygen supply and treat a cute angina symptoms by dilating peripheral and coronary veins and decreasing the demand for the heart gets more oxygen

What are the two subtypes of primary lung cancer?

1. Small cell lung cancer (sclc) 15% 2. Non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) 85%

What is a bilobectomy?

Two lobes of the lung removed

What is angina pectoris?

When oxygen supply to the heart muscle is not meeting the demand of the heart muscle secondary to arthrosclerosis and associated blockage

How are all oral antibiotics absorbed better?

With at least 6. To 8 ounces of water

Hydrochlorothiazide thiazide diuretic

Works and what is the pipes to decrease preload and that's decrease pressure it is potassium losing

What does an inhaled corticosteroid do

And inhaled corticosteroid does not block immediate response to allergens irritant or exercise

Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor)

Works on the pipes, decreasing systemic vascular resistance through the RAAS and occasional ADR is persistent cough

Losartan angiotensin receptor blocker

Works on the pipes, decreasing systemic vascular resistance through the RAAS without the persistent cough

A client with high blood pressure is receiving an antihypertensive drug. When developing a client teaching plan to minimize orthostatic hypotension, which instruction should the nurse include?

"Flex your calf muscles, avoid alcohol, and change positions slowly."

Angiotensin two receptor blockers (ARBs)

-sartan, Blocks the receptors farther down so angiotensin two, doesn't get anything, vasodilation occurs

Highbblood pressure stage one

130 to 139/ 80-89

A patient is being treated for hypertensive emergency. When treating this patient, the priority goal is to lower the mean blood pressure (BP) by up to which percentage in the first hour?

25%

How long is a patient treated for tb?

6-12 months

Pathophysiology of hypertension

A change in one of the factors affecting cardiac output or peripheral resistance causing increased pressure in vasculature this result in damage to vascular endothelium which over the long term causes scarred Steph vessels and enlargement of the heart

What describes emphysema?

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.

If you see raccoon eyes plus a battle sign what does that indicate

A lower skull fracture

What is the most common sign or symptom of lung cancer

A persistent cough

The nurse is assigned to care for a client who was admitted for an acute asthma exacerbation the patient has received albuterol and supplemental oxygen if the patient's condition does not improve the nurse and anticipate what is the most likely next step in the treatment

Administration of beclomethasone this is a cortical steroid it's an anti-inflammatory and this is something they will jump to before intubation since they are you are on a Saba Albuterol and it's not working as well as her going to Add this in and if this doesn't work then we'll go to intubation

Non-dihydropyridine's

Affect the pump a.k.a. the heart and slower is the right and decreases conduction, verapamil

What is bronchiectasis caused by

Airway obstruction, pulmonary infections, genetic disorders, idiopathic causes

What are some signs of chronic bronchitis a.k.a. blue bloaters

Airway slow problem, hypoxia, hypercapnia which is increased PCO2, respiratory acidosis, cardiac enlargement

What are the primary priority assessments we don't wanna mess in patient with upper respiratory tract infections

Airway/breathing, infection, swallowing issues

What type of inhaler ordered by the physician would provide the fastest relief for a patient having an extreme shortness of breath

Albuterol

In which statements regarding medications taken by a client diagnosed with COPD do the drug name and the drug category correctly match?

Albuterol is a bronchodilator Prednisone is a corticosteroid Ciprofloacin is an antibiotic

What is a peritoneal abscess and cellulitis

An acute infection and collection of pus in one of the tonsils

What is tracheobronchitis

An acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways

hypertensive emergency

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm.There is evidence of target organ damage ex: elevated creatinine

Just tracheobronchitis a usually a company

An upper respiratory infection

When oxygen supply to the heart muscle is not meeting the demand of the heart muscle secondary to arthrosclerosis and associated blockage

Angina pectoris

How to treat a bacterial infection

Antibiotics symptom and non-pharm treatment

How to treat a fungal infection

Antifungal's andnon-pharmacological treatment

How to treat an allergic reaction

Antihistamines and corticosteroid topicals and non-pharmacological treatment

What are the five places to listen to the heart

Aortic, PulMonic, erbs point, tricuspid, mitral

What can patient with COPD his oxygen level be normal at

Around 88 to 93%

A nurse is checking on her clients O2 stat by using a bedside sensor a probe the client has pneumonia and is being treated with anabiotic's when the nurse place is the pulse ox on the first reading is 89% what did she do

Assess the probe site to ensure the accurate reading

When should oral antibiotics not be given?

At the same time as antacids, calcium supplements

The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction and that leads to the collapse of alveoli. What complication should the nurse monitor for?

Atelectasis

Prevention of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency

Avoid activities that cause venous stasis like wearing socks that are too tight I can't leave marks on the skin elevate the legs 3 to 6inches higher than the heart level walk for several minutes of every hour to promote circulation we're graduated compression stockings overweight patient should be encouraged to begin weight reduction stop smoking

Priority nursing interventions for a lymphedema

Avoid blood pressures and blood draws in arm of clients post mastectomy or lymph node surgery removal or dissection in breast or upper body on that side because it can cause lymphedema to the lymph flowing in response to an infection

What are the five common causes of upper respiratory tract " itis" Or inflammation

Bacterial virus chemical allergy and fungal

The nurse is assessing a client was respiratory disease is characterized by chronic hyper inflation of the long what were the nurse most likely fine in the assessment of this client

Barrel chest

Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)

Beta. 2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle and agonist stimulates relaxation

Doxazosin. Alpha one receptor antagonist

Blocks alpha one receptors in the blood vessels causing vasodilation thus decreasing the SVR and decreasing blood pressure it also relaxes bladder neck and assist patients with prostate issues to urinate

Clopidogrel prevents platelets from aggregating And what does it prevent

Blood clots

How do you know the appropriate treatment/antibiotic for pneumonia treatment?

Blood culture or sputum culture - culture in general

What is bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is a chronic irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles

If the nurse is caring for a client who had a broncoscopy and biopsy which finding if noted in the client should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider

Bronchospasm because the bronchioles are narrowing in there for the airway is blocked and the rest will stay blocked is huge

What are the 4 classifications of pneumonia?

C ap-community acquired pneumonia,HCAP - Heath care associated pneumonia, hap - Hospital acquired pneumonia, vap-ventilation associated pneumonia

What are two additional blood studies that are increased risk factors for a coronary artery disease if elevated

C- reactive proteins and NTK Homocysteine

What is limited small lung cancer?

Cancer in one lung, sometimes nearby lymph nodes

What are the three most important assessments for the nurse to make one caring for a client with an aspect upper respiratory tract infection

Cardiac respiratory and neurological

A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin the nurse should provide which information to the client about the medication

Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine and feces

An older adult client has newly diagnosed stage 2 hypertension. The health care provider has prescribed the client hydrochlorothiazide and enalapril. What will the nurse be sure to include in educating this client?

Change positions (lying or sitting to standing) slowly.

What are some signs of tracheobronchitis

Chest discomfort, wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, fever

What are lipid profile levels

Cholesterol level less than 200, LDL less than 160, HDL >40 triglycerides, less than 150

What is COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Irreversible decrease in the ability to force air out of the lungs.Start tissue an Aries results in narrowing in decreases elastic recoil in channels Of the lungs

bronchitis

Chronic cough and sputum production for at least three months in each of two consecutive years the ciliary function is reduced bronchial walls again bronchial airways narrow and mucus may plug airways

A client has severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. Which medication order should the nurse consult with the health care provider about that is contraindicated for a client with severe CAD?

Clonidine

The nurse is caring for a client will be going for a total laryngectomy later today besides the obvious focus intervention centered around airway breathing circulation and mentation what is the nurse discussed with the client for the client goes to surgery that will greatly impact postop care and Outcomes

Communication

What are four classifications of pneumonia

Community acquired pneumonia, healthcare associate and pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia

What is aspiration pneumonia

Complication of pulmonary aspiration on someone aspirates on food saliva or G.I. content in these contact flow and going to the lungs where they don't belong

A patient is newly diagnosed with COPD due to chronic bronchitis you've been providing education to the patient about the disease process which statement is made by the client indicates that they understood your teaching about this disease

Complications from this condition it could lead to pulmonary hypertension and right sided heart failure

What does medicamentosa mean?

Condition when someone over uses a nasal decongestant more than the 3 to 5 days and then nasal passages swell shut

What do beta blockers deal for the heart

Decrease rate and strength of contactility Therefore you have low blood pressure low heart rate dizziness are side effects

What are the two types of calcium channel blockers

Dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine

Dihydropyridines

Dilate the vessels a.k.a. the pipes

A nurse is assisting with a subclavian vein central line insertion when the clients oxygen saturation drops rapidly. He complains of shortness of breath and becomes tachypneic. The nurse suspects the client has developed a pneumothorax. Further assessment findings supporting the presence of a pneumothorax include:

Diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side.

For some risk factors for TB

Direct contact with someone with active TB, immunocompromise status, pre-existing medical conditions, travel to recent countries with high prevalence of TB, healthcare workers, improper use of protective gear/equipment

Venous ulcer's

Dull achy pain, lower leg Adema, post present drainage, a regular borders, yellow slough off skin

What is the most common complication of a myocardial infarction

Dysthymias

What are two side effects to the tb drug rifampin?

Easy to bruise, slow blood clotting and it turns patients bodily fluids orange

Which diagnostic method is recommended to determine whether left ventricular hypertrophy has occurred?

Echocardiography

What are some nonpharmacologic care of the mucous membranes

Elevate the head of the bed, steam/humidification, warm compresses, Celine nasal spray or Netty pot, avoid sick people and wash your hands, rest, drink 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid daily, have a soft bland diet have some Popsicles and some tea with honey or lemon, salt water gargles

What is the treatment of choice for a confirmed myocardial infarction

Emergent PC I

What is an indication of a chemical infection

Erythema and clear drainage

Isoniazid (INH)

He drug used to treat active TB some side effects are dizziness tingling numbness around the mouth adverse reactions are nervous system damage and peripheral neuropathy which is weakness numbness and pain from nerve damage so to avoid this patient's have to take B-6 supplements

Cardiac output is affected by

Heart rate and stroke volume

Vancomycin

Hinders bacterial cell wall synthesis damaging the bacterial plasma membrane making the cell more vulnerable to osmoticpressure also interferes RNA synthesis some side effects are fever headache fatigue hypotension tonight is teaching points take as directed even after feeling better report ringing in ears or four other side effects to provider immediately

What are risk factors of lung cancer

History of smoking, individuals greater than 50 years old, genetics, dietary deficiencies, underlying respiratory issues like COPD or asthma

During hypertensive emergency what are the priorities of care

Hospitalized and reduce their blood pressure 25% in the first hour and over six hours you want to reduce it to 160/100 then gradual reduction to normal over a period of days

A client is taking 50 mg of oral spironolactone twice a day to assist with blood pressure control. While the nurse is performing the morning assessment, the client reports nausea, general muscle cramps, and weakness. The ECG strip shows a peaked, narrow T-wave, which is a change. What electrolyte imbalance does the nurse suspect?

Hyperkalemia

What are signs of emphysema

Increased CO2 retention leading to a pink appearance, barrel chest, prolonged expiratory time, thin looking appearance

What is viral pneumonia caused by?

Influenza (flu)

What is viral pneumonia caused by

Influenza a.k.a. the flu

What is tuberculosis?

Inhaled back enter upper airway via droplets and implant into alveolus, when the tubercle rupture it causes an infection to spread to surrounding tissue (this is considered active)

Nafcillin

Inhibit so Wolfson's assist during bacterial multiplication, side effects neurotoxicity thrombophlebitis colitis neutropenia anaphylaxis, teaching points report burning or irritation and how do you say notify provider for rash signs and symptoms of superinfection fever chills and diarrhea

Levofloxacin

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrates and prevents DNA replication transcription repair and recombination is susceptible bacteria, don't use in patients with bacterial sinusitis bronchitis and uncomplicated UTI: side effects encephalopathy seizures insomnia chest pain I pain loss of vision, teaching points report any signs/symptoms of joint pain or tendon pain muscle weakness pins and needles numbness and confusion and hallucinations

Ciprofloxacin

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis mainly by blocking DNA gyrase ; bactericidal Side effects seizures confusion headache colitis neutropenia tendon rupture, teaching points drink lots of fluids alert your provider for joint pain or muscle pain a.k.a. tendon rupture report if you have hallucinations and avoid drinking caffeine and driving

Nifedipine calcium channel blocker dihydropryidine

Inhibits the calcium ions in flux third slow channels and to conductile and contractile myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells causing vasodilation, has a vascular selectivity that's excellent for treating hypertension and SVR

Verapamil calcium channel blocker non-dihydropyridine

Inhibits the calcium ions in flux through slow channels into conduct tile and contract out myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells causing dilation, has myocardial still activity, that's an excellent treatment for angina and arrhythmias

What are some nursing interventions for the respiratory system

Inspection of chest rise, auscultate lung sounds, apply SPO2, assess respiratory rate, assess capillary refill

What is an example of a short acting anticholinergic and what does it do

Ipratroprium(atrovent) Relaxes smooth muscles in the airway and allows more air to flow to the lungs and some common side effects are headache dry mouth cough nausea

What is a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

It is a inhibit Tatian cholinergic receptor in the bronchial smooth muscles it blocks the ACH and reduces defect on airway smooth muscle it is used for maintenance and a long term control and an example of it is Spiriva and the side effects are dry mouth and constipation

What does aspirin do as in antiplatelet

It will help prevent further clots but it won't break up an existing clot and a huge side effect of aspirin is bleeding

A client with a history of hypertension is receiving client education about structures that regulate arterial pressure. Which structure is a component of that process?

Kidneys

What are clinical manifestations of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency

Leg muscle fatigue feelings of heaviness in the legs

Calcium channel blocker's decrease the SVR/afterload what are some side effects

Lightheadedness and dizziness

What do you want to monitor statins for

Liver damage so look out for jaundice and sclera jaundice

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has come to the clinic for a yearly physical. When assessing the client, the nurse notes the blood pressure (BP) is 140/93. The nurse knows that in older clients what happens that may elevate the systolic BP?

Loss of arterial elasticity

What is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths?

Lung cancer

Five minutes after the initial blood pressure and pulse measurements are taking the nurse assesses additional readings with the client in a sitting and then standing position. Which readings if assessed by the nurses are indicative of an orthostatic response

Lying heart rate 70 bpm, 140/80 mm per mercury; sitting heart rate 90 bpm, 118/80 mm per mercury; standing heart rate 118 bpm, 90/60 mm per mercury

What is histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, secreted by?

Mast cells

What is the acronym for medical management of acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction

Mona: Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

What is a distinguishing factor of tuberculosis?

Night sweats

What is a predominant sign someone will exhibit with active tuberculosis

Night sweats

Is compression therapy used for Venus and arterial

No Venus only

Does a erythema around the wheel/bubble a.k.a. induration mean a positive tuberculosis test

No erythema around the induration does not indicate a positive tuberculosis test and injection it Hass to be greater than 5 mm

Should oral antibiotics be given at the same time as an antacid or calcium supplements

No oral antibiotics are not to be given at the same time

How to treat a chemical infection

Non-pharmacological treatment and avoid exposure

The nurse is caring for a client post nasal fracture and remove the dressing from underneath the clients knows that looks something like like a halo how should the nurse to respond

Obtain vital signs perform a neurological assessment and notify the provider

Which term will the nurse used to document the inability of a client to breathe easily unless positioned up right

Orthopnea

What are the normal values of arterial blood gases

PH 7.35 to 7.45, CO2 35 to 45, PO2 80 to 100, HCO3 22 to 26 and 02 sat 95 to 100%

What are the six p's of peripheral arterial disease

Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia, paralysis

What is an indication of an allergic infection

Pale boggy(swollen)

What to complications my nurse to be concerned about with a client who has a bacterial tonsillitis

Perry tonsillar abscess is or airway obstruction

What is the most common cause of death from an infectious disease in the U.S?

Pneumonia

What is the most common cause of death from infectious disease is in the United States

Pneumonia

The nurse is admitting a 40-year-old college professor who is three hours post up from having a bilateral tonsillectomy/Adnoidectomy what should be the nurses priority intervention

Position the Klein and high Fowlers position or side lying in applying ice pack to the neck

Spironolactone aldosterone antagonist

Potassium sparing diuretics, reduce his volume/preload without affecting potassium levels

What three factors directly influenced stroke volume

Pre-load after load and contractility

What is the best medicine for aspirating premonia?

Prevention

What are some health promotion for all lung diseases?

Prevention is key! Smoking cessation, lifestyle habit changes to reduce risk, eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, adequate rest, regular health exams and screenings, learn to cope with stress

What is arthrosclerosis

Process of sickening and stiffening of the muscular layer and endothelial lining of arteries

What are some clinical manifestations of bronchiectasis

Purulent sputum in copious amounts and clubbing of fingernails

What is the gold standard at diagnosing someone with tuberculosis

QuantiFERON - TB gold test

What is the "gold standard" test for tuberculosis?

Quantiferon-TB gold Test (Blood Test)

When the nurse performed an assessment and identifies a chemosis around the eyes what properly identified this as what sign

Raccoon

What are some side effects of niacin

Red, flushed face (treat with aspirin), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout), pruritis

What are some indications of a tonsillectomy

Repeated sore throat's despite antibiotics peritoneal abscesses chronic nasal obstruction chronic rhinorrhea left eustachian tube's with infections

Which finding indicates that hypertension is progressing to target organ damage?

Retinal blood vessel damage

What are signs of hypoxia? Select all that apply

Retractions, respiratory rate is greater than 30, use of accessory muscles to breathe, cyanosis

Which term describes high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as renal disease?

Secondary hypertension

Rifampin medication for active TB

Send a text of rifampin are it is easy to bruise slow blood clotting so it turns the patients bodily fluids orange adverse effects are Coagulation disorders disorders and this drug is also toxic to liver so avoid alcohol

What are signs and symptoms of aspiration pneumonia

Set an onset of coughing crackles are rhonchi or decreased breath sounds in the affected area altered mental status and a fever and chest pain

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Side effects are abnormal uric acid level and joint aches adverse reactions are guilt

Ethambutol (Myambutol)

Side effects are blurred vision or changed vision color and adverse effects are I damage to ocular areas

What does an increased level of BNP mean

Signifies heart failure

The nurse is instructing a client who is newly prescribed an antihypertensive medication. Which nursing instruction is emphasized to maintain client safety?

Sit on the edge of the chair and rise slowly.

What are some indications of a viral infection

Slight erythema with white drainage

Why do we want decreased after load

So the heart isn't working as hard

What are clinical manifestations of hypertension

Sometimes there are none but as a disease progresses you'll see activity intolerance Edema retinol changes and chronic headaches all of a sudden

Patient reports during a routine check up that he's experiencing chest pain's and shortness of breath while performing activities. He states that the pain goes away when he rests. this is known as what

Stabile angina

What is the staging of cancer

Stage refers to the size of the tumor, its location, lymph node involvement, and if the cancer spread

normal blood pressure

Systolic is less than 120 and diastolic is less than 80

A chest x-ray can also diagnose tuberculosis what what would you see on the chest x-ray to know it is TB

The chest x-ray would have white cavitations on it indicating dense material like the flu it healthy lungs up here black on x-ray

After patient with right lower lobe pneumonia has been treated with IV antibiotics for two days what assessment data indicates the treatment has been effective

The patient white blood cell count is 9000

How can you tell someone has a peritoneal abscess

The patient will have the in inability to open their mouth called Trismus,, hot potato voice, severe sore throat and uvular deviation this is an emergency

The nurse observes a certified nursing assistant (CNA) obtaining a blood pressure reading with a cuff that is too small for the patient. The nurse informs the CNA that using a cuff that is too small can affect the reading results in what way?

The results will be falsely elevated.

Whatdo inhaled corticosteroids do

They decrease local airway inflammation and Adema by inhibiting effects of histamine and other mediators to reduce the severity and frequency of every spasm respiratory inflammation and shortness of breath

What Therapy is chosen when a PCI is not available or the patient is not a good candidate

Thrombolytics because they stop in fraction process by dissolving thrombus

What is blood pressure and why is it important

Tissue perfusion and oxygenation

Why do you take b-6 supplements with isoniazid (INH)?

To avoid peripheral neuropathy?

What is atelectasis?

Total or partial collapse of long with lots of volume

What is atelectasis?

Total or partial collapse of lung with loss of volume

What usually accompanies an upper respiratory infection?.

Tracheobranchitis

How would someone with a peritoneal abscess be treated

Treatment would include incision and drainage antibiotics corticosteroids topical anesthetic gentle Saline gargles oral hydration head of bed elevated and avoid smoking

What is an example of a corticosteroid

Triamicnolone - Used for maintenance because they generally don't have a faster response and patients are prone to Thrush when taking his medications so oral hygiene is good

True or false: all tb drugs can be toxic to the liver "hepatotoxic" -so avoid alcohol.

True

True or false:Epistasis can be caused by nose picking, hypertension, and liver disease

True

Chest pain Occurs at rest not improved with meds or requires more to resolve

Unstable angina

What is a short acting beta 2 agonist (SABA)

Used for an exacerbation, rescue inhaler, mechanism the beta to receptors on bronchial smooth muscles and an agonist=stimulation=relaxation

Inferior vena cava filter

Uses an angiographic technique to place a filter in the inferior vena cava to treat pulmonary emboli

How to position your leg for Venus and arterial ulcer

Venous ulcer elevate leg arterial ulcer dangle leg

What are Virchow's Triad?

Venus stasis, endothelial damage, altered Coagulation

Causes a inflammatory and infectious -itis

Viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic, chemical

What would we give a patient in a hypertensive urgency

We would give the patient a fast acting oral agent to lower their blood pressure and send them home

What would you see it when a patient is experiencing atelectasis

You will see the patient not taking deep long breath's they're taking shallow breaths

Hypertensive urgency

a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated but there is no evidence of target organ damage, usually BP >180/120

Calcium Channel Blockers

agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension

What is Prinzmetal's angina?

angina at rest due to coronary artery spasm

What is the only definitive means of diagnosing cancer?

biopsy

deep vein thrombosis

blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb; firm, edematous, redness

What is the gold standard for diagnosing a coronary artery disease

cardiac catheterization

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)

chronic venous hypertension caused by valvular destruction (from inflammation and scarring), stiff, noncompliant vein walls, and persistent venous obstruction

Preload

degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole

pulse pressure

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

What are some signs and symptoms of atelectasis

dyspnea,Chest pain hypoxemia and decreased breath sounds over the affected long

A blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mm Hg is considered to be

hypertension

Lymphangitis

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

lymphadentis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

Reynaud's phenomenon

intermittent interruptions of blood supply to fingers and toes, accompanied by numbness, pain, and tingling,coldness

systemic vascular resistance

resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systemic circulatory system

after load

resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle through the aortic valve

A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure?

respiratory acidosis

According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in older adults, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed

secondary