Adv. Med-Surg Med Midterm

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia?

"The hair loss is usually temporary."

A nurse is teaching a client about valve replacement surgery. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the benefit of an autograft replacement valve?

"The valve is made from my own heart valve, and I will not need to take any blood-thinning drugs when I am discharged."

**A client diagnosed with a terminal illness appoints her oldest son as the authorized individual to make medical decisions on her behalf when she is no longer able to speak for herself. Which proxy directive is the patient using?

**Durable power of attorney for health care

**At which time does the nurse realize that it is best to begin teaching about care needed during the postoperative period?

**During the preoperative period

**A client is admitted to the hospital with aortic stenosis. What assessment findings would indicate the development of left ventricular failure?

**Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema

**You are monitoring the results of laboratory tests performed on a client admitted to the cardiac ICU with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Which test would you expect to show elevated levels?

**Enzymes

**Which term is defined as a formal systematic study of moral beliefs?

**Ethics

**A nurse is evaluating education provided to various clients being discharged to home. The nurse assesses that client most likely to be nonadherent with treatment is the one who

**Has tuberculosis and is taking multiple antitubercular medications

**A patient has a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL. What should the nurse be alert to assess for?

**Hypoxia

**Which capability corresponds with home health care?**

**Improvises when providing care**

**The physician has ordered a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) drawn on a client. The results of this test will allow the nurse to evaluate the role of what process that is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis?

**Inflammation

**The nurse is caring for a client who underwent a laryngectomy. Which intervention will the nurse initially complete in an effort to meet the client's nutritional needs?

**Initiate enteral feedings.

**An elderly female client has been taking prednisone for breathing problems for many years. The nurse notes that the client's current height is 64 inches. Two years ago, her height was 66 inches. The nurse assesses this loss in height is most likely the result of

**Loss of bone density

After teaching nursing students about the health-illness continuum, the instructor determines that teaching was successful when the students state which of the following?

"A person can be both healthy and ill at the same time."

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expresses a desire to quit smoking. The first appropriate response from the nurse is:

"Have you tried to quit smoking before?"

A nurse is teaching a client about pain management after surgery. Which client statement indicates the teaching was effective?

"I will support my incision with my hands when I cough and do my deep breathing exercises."

**After teaching nursing students about autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive inherited disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as true about autosomal-dominant inherited conditions?

**Males and females are equally affected by this pattern of inheritance.

**The home health nurse is planning teaching for a client with COPD and a history of noncompliance to the medication regimen. Which factor does the nurse recognize as having the most influence on enabling complete adherence to a health regimen?

**Motivation

**The nurse is administering an analgesic to an older adult patient. Why is it important for the nurse to assess the patient carefully?

**Older people are more sensitive to drugs.

**To evaluate a client's atrial depolarization, the nurse observes which part of the electrocardiogram waveform?

**P wave

**Which is the first step in establishing a pattern of inheritance?

**Pedigree

**The scrub nurse is responsible for:

**Preparing the sterile instruments for the surgical procedure

**A nurse documents the presence of chronic pain on an electronic health record. Choose a description that could be used. The pain can be:

**Prolonged in duration.

**A client has been declared to have a terminal illness. What intervention will a nurse perform regarding the final decision of a dying client?

**Respect the client's and family members' choices

**Which clinical manifestation is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia?

**Tachycardia (heart rate >150 beats per minute)

**In which situation is the nurse providing tertiary prevention?**

**Teaching rehabilitation exercises to a client after a mastectomy

**A community health nurse understands the importance and impact of cultural competence when caring for clients in the community. In what situation will the nurse find that cultural competence is particularly important?**

**When members of the community share a heritage that is unfamiliar to the nurse**

**A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recovering from a myocardial infarction. Because the client is extremely weak and can't produce an effective cough, the nurse should monitor closely for:

**atelectasis.

**The nurse assesses a client with a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. What are the known causes of sinus tachycardia?

**hypovolemia

**A client with cancer is being treated on the oncology unit for bilateral breast cancer. The client is undergoing chemotherapy. The nurse notes the client's serum calcium concentration is 12.3 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). Given this laboratory finding, the nurse should suspect that the

**malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance.

**A nurse is evaluating a mechanically ventilated client in the intensive care unit to identify improvement in the client's condition. Which outcome does the nurse note as the result of inadequate compensatory mechanisms?

**organ damage

**What does decreased pulse pressure reflect?

**reduced stroke volume

**A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:

**respiratory alkalosis

When obtaining a health history from a patient, what should be the nurse's primary focus? (Select all that apply.)

-A comprehensive body systems review -Current and past medical problems -Family history

What can the nurse include in the plan of care to ensure early intervention along the continuum of shock to improve the client's prognosis? Select all that apply.

-Assess the client who is at risk for shock. -Administer intravenous fluids. -Monitor for changes in vital signs.

A nurse is completing an assessment of a client who has just been transferred to the rehabilitation facility. During the health history, the nurse asks about the client's activities of daily living (ADLs). About which areas would the nurse gather information? Select all that apply.

-Bathing -Toileting -Eating

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a client with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? Select all that apply.

-Compromised gas exchange -Decreased airflow -Wheezes

Which of the following is an example of adherence to treatment? Select all that apply.

-Maintaining a healthy diet -Self-monitoring for signs and symptoms of illness -Taking prescribed medications -Increasing daily activities

Based on the nurse's knowledge of the increased risk for bleeding in a client undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, which of the following interventions does the nurse need to include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

-Monitoring the platelet count -Monitoring for signs of abnormal bleeding -Instructing the client to use a soft toothbrush -Instructing the client to use an electric razor

A client who must begin oxygen therapy asks the nurse why this treatment is necessary? What would the nurse identify as the goals of oxygen therapy? Select all that apply.

-To provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood -To decrease the work of breathing -To reduce stress on the myocardium

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local senior center about the health status of older adults. What trends in health promotion and disease prevention activities would the nurse explain as contributing to declining death rates in the older adult population? Select all that apply.

-decreased smoking -improved nutrition -screening for hypertension -early detection of elevated cholesterol levels

A waist circumference greater than which value indicates excess abdominal fat in men?

101.60 cm (40 in)

Which is the best thing the nurse can do to provide culturally sensitive care?

Accept each client as a unique individual

A client is being treated in a substance abuse unit of a local hospital. The nurse understands that when this client has compulsive behavior to use a drug for its psychic effect, the client needs to be monitored for which effect?

Addiction

A client with asthma is prescribed a short acting beta-adrenergic (SABA) for quick relief. Which of the following is the most likely drug to be prescribed?

Albuterol

A client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. The client asks the nurse what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?

Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pneumonia. The nurse assesses the client for tactile fremitus by completing which action?

Asking the client to repeat "ninety-nine" as the nurse's hands move down the client's thorax

A middle-aged client presents to the ED reporting severe chest discomfort. Which finding is most indicative of a possible myocardial infarction (MI)?

Chest discomfort not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

The nurse listens to a client explain that she is receiving manipulations from a health care provider. The nurse documents in the client's chart that the client is using which therapy?

Chiropractic

Which statement is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A patient is in the operating room for surgery. Which individual would be responsible for ensuring that procedure and site verification occurs and is documented?

Circulating nurse

What finding by the nurse may indicate that the client has chronic hypoxia?

Clubbing of the fingers

A nurse is working with a family that is under stress. Which trait would the nurse emphasize in the plan of care as being most useful to the family's coping?

Communication skills

A client is hospitalized for repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The nurse must be alert for signs and symptoms of aneurysm rupture and thus looks for which of the following?

Constant, intense back pain and falling blood pressure

Which is a characteristic of arterial insufficiency?

Diminished or absent pulses

Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate?

Discarding an object that comes in contact with the 1-inch border

A client is admitted to the hospital with possible acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion. The nurse knows to prepare the client for which diagnostic test to confirm the client's diagnosis?

Echocardiography

The family members of a dying patient are finding it difficult to verbalize feelings and show tenderness for the dying person. Which of the following nursing interventions should a nurse perform in such situations?

Encourage the family members to express their feelings and listen to them in their frank communication.

A client with acute pericarditis is exhibiting distended jugular veins, tachycardia, tachypnea, and muffled heart sounds. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of what occurrence?

Excess pericardial fluid compresses the heart and prevents adequate diastolic filling.

When providing care to a patient with anxiety, which intervention would be the highest priority?

Exploring appropriate coping strategies

The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action?

Extravasation

The occupational nurse is completing routine assessments on the employees where you work. What might be revealed by a chest radiograph for a client with occupational lung diseases?

Fibrotic changes in lungs

Which type of healing occurs when granulation tissue is not visible and scar formation is minimal?

First intention

A 76-year-old client presents to the ED reporting "laryngitis." The triage nurse should ask whether the client has a medical history that includes

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client on an annual physical exam. Which documentation should be brought to the physician's attention?

Hoarseness for 2 weeks

A patient who is Asian practices the yin/yang theory of harmony and illness. What paradigm of health and illness is this practice rooted in?

Holistic

When caring for a client with acute respiratory failure, the nurse should expect to focus on resolving which set of problems?

Hypercapnia, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia

Which describes a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated and there is evidence of actual or probable target organ damage?

Hypertensive emergency

A nurse, working in a health clinic, treats a variety of conditions on a daily basis. One disorder that is rapidly increasing and is the leading cause of secondary morbidity is:

Obesity

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group addressing the influences on health care delivery. Which of the following would the nurse include in presentation when describing disease patterns?

Obesity along with conditions associated with it has become a major health concern.

Which type of surgery is used in an attempt to relieve complications of cancer?

Palliative

The family of a client in hospice decides to place their loved one in a long-term care facility to establish an effective pain control regimen. Which aspects of hospice care is the family using?

Palliative care

The nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative day 2 following a colon resection. While turning him, wound dehiscence with evisceration occurs. What should be the nurse's first response?

Place saline-soaked sterile dressings on the wound.

As the moment of death approaches, which of the following does the nurse encourage the family to do?

Speak to the client in a calm and soothing voice.

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client entering a long-term care facility. She notices a broken area of skin that extends into the dermis on the client's coccyx. How should the nurse document this wound?

Stage II pressure ulcer

Which type of incontinence is associated with weakened perineal muscles that permit the leakage of urine when intra-abdominal pressure is increased?

Stress incontinence

A postoperative client is being evaluated for discharge and currently has an Aldrete score of 8. Which of the following is the most likely outcome for this client?

The client can be discharged from the PACU.

A female client is a carrier for a gene mutation on one of her X chromosomes. Her spouse is unaffected. The nurse understands that which of the following is most likely?

The client's sons have a 50% chance of being affected.

The nurse has developed an evidence-based plan of care for a patient requiring rehabilitation after a total hip replacement. Ultimately, who should approve the plan of care?

The patient

A nurse observes constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber of a closed chest drainage system. What should the nurse conclude?

The system has an air leak.

In the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), medications are often ordered to control blood pressure in the client. Which of the following is a primary purpose of using beta-adrenergic blockers in the nursing management of CAD?

To decrease workload of the heart

The client has had biomarkers tested after reporting chest pain. Which diagnostic marker of myocardial infarction remains elevated for as long as 2 weeks?

Troponin

When a client who has been diagnosed with angina pectoris reports experiencing chest pain more frequently, even at rest, that the period of pain is longer, and that it takes less stress for the pain to occur, the nurse recognizes that the client is describing which type of angina?

Unstable

Which phase in the trajectory model of chronic illness is characterized by the reactivation of an illness in remission?

Unstable

A client is at risk for excess fluid volume. Which nursing intervention ensures the most accurate monitoring of the client's fluid status?

Weighing the client daily at the same time each day

A client presents to the acute care facility with several signs and symptoms. How will the nurse determine and prioritize the client's healthcare needs?

using a systematic method to plan and implement care to reach desired outcomes

The nurse working in the emergency department places a client in anaphylactic shock on a cardiac monitor and sees the cardiac rhythm below. What dysthymia should the nurse document?

ventricular tachycardia

**The nurse is concerned that a postoperative patient may have a paralytic ileus. What assessment data may indicate that the patient does have a paralytic ileus?

**Absence of peristalsis

**A client in the emergency department reports squeezing substernal pain that radiates to the left shoulder and jaw. The client also complains of nausea, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath. What is the nurse's priority action?

**Administer oxygen, attach a cardiac monitor, take vital signs, and administer sublingual nitroglycerin.

**A confused client exhibits a blood pressure of 112/84, pulse rate of 116 beats per minute, and respirations of 30 breaths per minute. The client's skin is cold and clammy. The nurse next

**Administers oxygen by nasal cannula at 2 liters per minute

**Which is a potential complication of a low pressure in the endotracheal tube cuff?

**Aspiration pneumonia

**The nurse assessed a 28-year-old woman who was experiencing dyspnea severe enough to make her seek medical attention. The history revealed no prior cardiac problems and the presence of symptoms for 6 months' duration. On assessment, the nurse noted the presence of both inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. Based on this data, which of the following diagnoses is likely?

**Asthma

**The use of patient restraints limits which ethical principle?

**Autonomy

**A nurse working as part of a genetics counseling team is preparing a presentation for a career day discussion at a local college of nursing. When describing the genomic framework for nursing, which of the following would the nurse include as being most important?

**Being keenly aware of one's own attitudes and assumptions about genetics and genomics

**Shock occurs when tissue perfusion is inadequate to deliver oxygen and nutrients to support cellular function. When caring for patients who may develop indicators of shock, the nurse is aware that the most important measurement of shock is:

**Blood pressure.

**Health teaching includes advising patients on ways to reduce PAD. The nurse should always emphasize that the strongest risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic lesions is:

**Cigarette smoking.

**The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition?

**Confusion

**Brain cell death may occur in as little as:

**3 minutes

**Which findings indicate that a client has developed water intoxication secondary to treatment for diabetes insipidus?

**Confusion and seizures

**The nurse is auscultating the patient's lung sounds to determine the presence of pulmonary edema. What adventitious lung sounds are significant for pulmonary edema?

**Crackles in the lung bases

**A nurse is assessing an elderly client with senile dementia. Which neurotransmitter condition is most likely to contribute to this client's cognitive changes?

**Decreased acetylcholine level

**After diagnosing a client with pulmonary tuberculosis, the physician tells family members that they must receive isoniazid (INH [Laniazid]) as prophylaxis against tuberculosis. The client's daughter asks the nurse how long the drug must be taken. What is the usual duration of prophylactic isoniazid therapy?

**6 to 12 months

The nurse is discussing immediate postoperative communication strategies with a client scheduled for a total laryngectomy. What information will the nurse include?

"You can use writing or a communication board to communicate."

**The client reports chest pain. The nurse uses which of the following questions to assess the pain further. Select all answers that apply.

** -"How long have you experienced this pain?" -"Please point to where you are experiencing pain." -"Rate the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst possible pain." -"What aggravates your chest pain?"

**A client with multiple sclerosis is being discharged. The nurse understands that living with chronic conditions imposes many challenges, including the need for which accomplishments? Select all that apply.

** -Alleviate and manage symptoms -Validate individual self-worth -Validate family functioning

**The nurse is teaching about preventing pneumonia and influenza to a group of clients in a senior citizens' wellness class. The nurse includes which of the following topics in the class? Select all options that apply.

** -Avoiding environmental smoke -Participating in regular exercise -Ensuring appropriate fluid intake

**The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient to determine the effects of hypertension on the heart and blood vessels. What specific assessment data will assist in determining this complication? (Select all that apply.)

** -Heart rate -Heart rhythm -Character of apical and peripheral pulses

**A nurse providing education about hypertension to a community group is discussing the high risk for cardiovascular complications. What are risk factors for cardiovascular problems in clients with hypertension? Select all that apply.

** -Smoking -Diabetes mellitus -Physical inactivity

**The nurse assesses a client to determine if there is increased risk for complications intraoperatively or postoperatively. Which are general risk factors? Select all that apply.

** -nutritional status -age -physical condition -health status

**A 66-year-old client presents to the emergency department reporting severe headache and mild nausea for the past 6 hours. Upon assessment, the client's BP is 210/120 mm Hg. The client has a history of hypertension and takes 1.0 mg clonidine twice daily. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client next?

**"Have you taken your prescribed clonidine today?"

**An older adult develops sudden onset of confusion and is hospitalized. The family expresses concern that their loved one is developing Alzheimer disease. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

**"Several possible underlying factors could be causing the confusion. Alzheimer's usually does not present with sudden confusion."

**A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several patients and their risk for health problems. The nurse determines that the patient with which body mass index (BMI) would have the lowest risk?

**23

A nurse would question the accuracy of a pulse oximetry evaluation in which of the following conditions?

A client experiencing hypothermia

To help prevent the development of an external rotation deformity of the hip in a client who must remain in bed for any period of time, the most appropriate nursing action would be to use which equipment?

A trochanter roll extending from the crest of the ilium to the midthigh

The nurse is monitoring a patient in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) following a coronary artery bypass graft, observing a regular ventricular rate of 82 beats/min and "sawtooth" P waves with an atrial rate of approximately 300 beat/min. How does the nurse interpret this rhythm?

Atrial flutter

For a client with an endotracheal (ET) tube, which nursing action is the most important?

Auscultating the lungs for bilateral breath sounds

Cystic fibrosis is a condition passed on through which type of inheritance?

Autosomal recessive

A nurse determines that a patient has poor nutrition based on which assessment finding?

Beefy-red tongue

A nurse is caring for a client who had an aortic balloon valvuloplasty. The nurse should inspect the surgical insertion site closely for which complication(s)?

Bleeding and infection

When a nurse asks a patient to describe the quality of the pain, what type of descriptive term does the nurse expect the patient to use?

Burning

A client undergoes a biopsy of a suspicious lesion. The biopsy report classifies the lesion according to the TNM staging system as follows: Tis, N0, M0. What does this classification mean?

Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis

A patient in severe pulmonary edema is being intubated by the respiratory therapist. What priority action by the nurse will assist in the confirmation of tube placement in the proper position in the trachea?

Call for a chest x-ray.

A client is diagnosed with mild obstructive sleep apnea after having a sleep study performed. What treatment modality will be the most effective for this client?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

The nurse observes that a coworker is unable to understand that an intelligent person would engage the services of a medicine man. The nurse's coworker has strong ethnocentric tendencies and an inability to recognize others' values, beliefs, and practices. The nurse understands that the coworker's behavior is an example of which attitude?

Cultural blindness

A son brings his father into the clinic, stating that his father's color has changed to bluish around the mouth. The father is confused, with a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and scattered crackles throughout. The son states this condition just occurred within the last hour. Which of the following factors indicates that the client's condition has lasted for more than 1 hour?

Cyanosis

The nurse is assessing a patient with a probable diagnosis of first-degree AV block. The nurse is aware that this dysrhythmia is evident on an ECG strip by what indication?

Delayed conduction, producing a prolonged PR interval

What medication should the nurse prepare to administer in the event the client has malignant hyperthermia?

Dantrolene sodium

A client in a hypertensive emergency is admitted to the ICU. The nurse anticipates that the client will be treated with IV vasodilators, and that the primary goal of treatment is what?

Decrease the mean arterial pressure between 20% and 25% in the first hour of treatment.

There are many goals for health teaching. Which of the following is the primary goal of family and patient education?

Improve patient outcomes

Which is a cause related to the increasing number of people with chronic conditions?

Improved screening and diagnostic procedures

A client reports nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and coughing up of yellow mucus. The nurse assesses the client's temperature as 100.2°F. The client states this is the third episode this season. The highest priority nursing diagnosis is

Ineffective airway clearance related to excess mucus production

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with Raynaud phenomenon. The nurse should plan interventions to address what nursing diagnosis?

Ineffective tissue perfusion

When caring for an older client who is receiving external beam radiation, which is the key point for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care?

Inspect the skin frequently.

The nurse educator is planning a teaching session for nursing students related to the treatment and management of gestational diabetes. The nurse educator arranges for a dietitian, pharmacist, and physician assistant to participate in the lesson plan. Which professional nurse competency is the nurse educator demonstrating?

Interdisciplinary teamwork

The nurse is taking a health history of a new client who reports pain in his left lower leg and foot when walking. This pain is relieved with rest and the nurse observes that the left lower leg is slightly edematous and is hairless. When planning this client's care, the nurse should most likely address what health problem?

Intermittent claudication

A client has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following a coughing episode, the client reports sudden and unrelieved shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most important for the nurse to assess?

Lung sounds

Of the following nurse theorists, which one is considered the founder of transcultural nursing?

Madeline Leininger

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with sepsis. The client has a serum lactate concentration of 6 mmol/L and fluid resuscitation has been initiated. Which value indicates that the client has received adequate fluid resuscitation?

Mean arterial pressure of 70 mm Hg

Which statement provides accurate information related to chronic illness?

Most people with chronic conditions do not consider themselves sick or ill.

A client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The client's serum calcium concentration is 7.6 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). Which physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?

Presence of Trousseau sign

A client in an acute care facility is assigned a case manager to oversee and coordinate care. What important function does a case manager have?

Provide early, thorough discharge planning.

What complication is the nurse aware of that is associated with deep venous thrombosis?

Pulmonary embolism

Which valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonic valve

The nurse is assessing a patient's blood pressure. What does the nurse document as the difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressure?

Pulse pressure

The nurse is assessing a client who, after an extensive surgical procedure, is at risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The nurse assesses for which most common early sign of ARDS?

Rapid onset of severe dyspnea

A client is receiving captopril for heart failure. During the nurse's assessment, what sign indicates that the medication therapy is ineffective?

peripheral edema

A nurse evaluates the potential effects of a client's medication therapies before surgery. Which drug classification may cause respiratory depression from an associated electrolyte imbalance during anesthesia?

diuretics

When the indication for surgery is without delay, the nurse recognizes that the surgery will be classified as

emergency

The nurse is teaching a client about medications prescribed for severe volume overload from heart failure. What diuretic is the first-line treatment for clients diagnosed with heart failure?

furosemide

The nurse cares for a client prescribed warfarin orally. The nurse reviews the client's prothrombin time (PT) level to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication. Which laboratory values should the nurse also evaluate?

international normalized ratio (INR)