Adv Pharm 5334 UTA Exam 1

The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following?

Blood temperature

Which of the following choices correctly traces the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron?

Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule

Which of the following has a rate of urinary excretion (units of solute per unit time) that is almost always identical to its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult?

Creatinine

Urine is formed in a three-step process: which of the following gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Which of the following has a rate of urinary excretion (units of solute per unit time) that is always much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult?

Glucose

Which of the following is least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle) of a healthy adult nephron?

Large molecular weight protein

Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle?

Proximal convoluted tubule

How many nephrons does the average adult human kidney contain (a nephron is the main functional unit of the kidney)?

Roughly 1,000,000

As glomerular filtrate moves through the ascending loop of Henle, the filtrate becomes more dilute: why?

The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ions but impermeable to water

What is inflammation of the urothelium (lining of the bladder) resulting from infection, inflammation, presence of a foreign body and trauma called?

cystitis

A 7 year old child presents with hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and proteinuria. The edema is in the periorbital region initially and eventually spreads to the rest of the body. The patient is given steroid therapy and the disease goes away. What is a key morphological feature of the patients disease?

fusion of the foot processes

A patient presents with symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. The disease is immune complex mediated and is known to create an increase in glomerular basement membrane size. IgG and C3 levels are deposited along the basement membrane. Which of the following would best describe the morphology of the disease?

proliferation of new basement membrane between complexes, spike and dome pattern

What is the breakdown of mm fibers that leads to the release of mm (myoglobin) into the bloodstream?

rhabdomyolysis

What are tiny tube-shaped particles made up of WBC, RBC, or kidney cells? They are held together by a protein released by the kidney.

urine casts

A 26 year old African American diagnosed with AIDS, and also a heroine abuser, presents with hypertension, microscopic hematuria, and renal insufficiency. The disease does not go away with steroid therapy. What is a key feature on immunofluorescence?

IgM and C3 deposition