Advanced Pathophysiology, Genetics, Chromosomes
Chromosomes - Gametes
Gametes are haploid cells: they have only one member of each chromosome pair, giving them a total of 23 chromosomes.
Chromosomes
Human cells can be categorized into two types: gametes (sperm and egg cells) and somatic cells (all other cells).
Chromosomes
In 22 of the 23 chromosomes pairs, the two members of each pair are virtually identical in microscopic appearance and DNA sequence and are called homologous to one another.
Chromosomes - Autosomes
These 22 chromosome pairs are homologous in both males and females and are termed autosomes.
Chromosomes
23 pairs, one sex pair and 22 auto pairs
Chromosomes -Diploid cells
Chromosomes occur in pairs.
Chromosomes - Somatic Cell
Each somatic cell has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus. These are diploid cells, meaning that the chromosomes occur in pairs. Thus each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosomes - Somatic Cell
One member of each pair comes from an individual's mother, and one comes from the father. New somatic cells formed through mitosis and cytokinesis, through which the cell nucleus and cytoplasm are replicated.
Chromosomes - Gametes
The process by which these haploid cells are formed from diploid cells is called meiosis.
Chromosomes
The remaining pair of chromosomes, the sex chromosomes consists of two homologous X chromosomes in females and a nonhomologous pair, X and Y in males.